Jump to content

Nenjil Or Aalayam

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nenjil Or Aalayam
Theatrical release poster
Directed byC. V. Sridhar
Written byC. V. Sridhar
Produced byC. V. Sridhar
StarringKalyan Kumar
Devika
R. Muthuraman
CinematographyA. Vincent
Edited byN. M. Shankar
Music byViswanathan–Ramamoorthy
Production
company
Release date
  • 26 January 1962 (1962-01-26)
Running time
164 minutes[1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Nenjil Or Aalayam (transl. A Temple in the Heart) is a 1962 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed, produced and written by C. V. Sridhar. The film stars Kalyan Kumar, Devika and R. Muthuraman while Nagesh, Manorama and Kutty Padmini play supporting roles. The original soundtrack album and background score were composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy, while the lyrics for the songs were written by Kannadasan.

The film revolves around a young woman named Seetha, her husband Venu and Murali, who was Seetha's lover. Due to his tenure overseas, Seetha's parents force her to marry another person. A few years later, Venu contracts cancer and Seetha brings him to Chennai to meet a cancer specialist who, to her dismay, is revealed to be Murali. Realising that something is worrying Seetha, Venu gives her the freedom to marry Murali after his death. The remainder of the film shows how Murali sacrifices his love for the sake of the couple's happiness and cures Venu.

Nenjil Or Aalayam was released on 26 January 1962, coinciding with Republic Day in India. The film received positive critical feedback and went on to become a commercial success. The songs "Sonnathu Neethaana" and "Engirundhaalum Vaazhga" attained popularity among the Tamil diaspora. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil and the President's Award for Sridhar at the 10th National Film Awards.

The film became a trendsetter for both fast-paced filmmaking and triangular love stories with sacrifice as the theme. Sridhar remade the film in Hindi as Dil Ek Mandir (1963) and in Telugu as Manase Mandiram (1966). It was also remade in Malayalam as Hridayam Oru Kshethram (1976), and in Kannada as Kumkuma Rakshe (1977). The former was directed by P. Subramaniam while the latter was by S. K. A. Chari.

Plot

[edit]

Murali and Seetha are lovers. Murali goes abroad to pursue higher studies in medicine. During his tenure overseas, Seetha is forced by her parents to marry another person. Devastated upon hearing the news, Murali swears a vow of lifelong celibacy and devotes himself to save people suffering from cancer. A few years later, a man named Venu happens to be critically ill with cancer and has to be operated upon. The treatment for Venu progresses well until Murali meets Venu's wife, who is revealed to be Seetha. When Seetha learns that the doctor treating Venu is Murali, whom she had left, she becomes upset.

Though Murali does his best to cure Venu, Seetha is worried that Murali might take revenge on her by not providing proper treatment to Venu, who in the meantime, learns of Murali and Seetha's love. Venu requests Murali to marry Seetha in case the operation is unsuccessful as he does not wish for his wife to become a widow. Seetha becomes infuriated when she discovers Venu's request and tells Murali that if Venu dies, she will die as well. Murali promises Seetha that he will save Venu even if he has to risk his own life on the line.

Murali works hard to save Venu so as not to create a misconception that he killed Venu to be with Seetha. With great difficulty, Murali manages to cure Venu's cancer successfully. However, when Murali reads the results of the operation, he becomes so thrilled at its success that he unexpectedly dies of high blood pressure due to his over-excitement. Venu and Seetha realise that Murali had sacrificed his life for their happiness and remains in their hearts.

Woven into the story is a subplot following a girl, who is in the same hospital Murali works in and undergoes treatment for the same disease that Venu contracted. However, her fate is contrary.

Cast

[edit]
Lead actors
Male supporting actors
Female supporting actors

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

In the early 1960s, C. V. Sridhar founded the production company Chithralaya. When discussing with his associates what should be the company's first film, Sridhar came up with the story of Nenjil Or Aalayam; however, he later decided that the company's first film should not be a tragic one, and came up with the lighter Thennilavu (1961).[6] After that film's success, Nenjil Or Aalayam was revived.[7] Inspired by an American film starring Mickey Rooney which was entirely set in prison, Sridhar decided to do a film set in a hospital. Sridhar initially planned a different plot line for this film with Sivaji Ganesan as an old age character suffering from terminal disease, but since Sridhar was dissatisfied with this plot, he came up with a new plot.[8][9]

Casting

[edit]

Sridhar strictly wanted newcomers/less prominent artistes to star. Kalyan Kumar, though popular in Kannada cinema, was a relative "stranger" to Tamil cinema, and was cast as the main character Murali.[10] Sridhar was impressed with R. Muthuraman's performance in a play, and subsequently selected him for the role of Venu.[a] Sridhar initially wanted C. R. Vijayakumari to play Seetha and she agreed, but later approached Devika.[9][12] She accepted as she liked the story.[13]

Nagesh stayed with actor K. Balaji during his early days as an upcoming comedian for three years.[14] Balaji introduced Nagesh to Sridhar, who offered him a role on Balaji's recommendation.[15][16] Nagesh revealed that he was initially to play the role of a country bumpkin, but was chosen by Sridhar to play Peter, the hospital attendant.[17][18] He was paid an advance of ₹501 (equivalent to ₹43,000 or US$510 in 2023).[18] S. Rama Rao was originally supposed to play that role, but lost it due to arriving late on the first day of shoot.[19] The screenplay and dialogues for Nagesh's portions were written by Chitralaya Gopu.[20]

Filming

[edit]
The song "Sonnathu Neethaana" was picturised on Seetha (Devika) playing the sitar, but the close-up shot of the fingers playing the sitar were actually those of Ahmed Hussain.

Principal photography took place entirely on a hospital set at Chennai's Vijaya Vauhini Studios.[21][15] Ganga was the art director, N. M. Shankar was the editor, and A. Vincent was the cinematographer.[22] For the first scene, Nagesh was told to jump from the steps when Sridhar warned him not to do but Nagesh assured he will pull it off. After jumping, he was surprised to see Sridhar missing from the sets and this scene was instead directed by his assistant P. Madhavan. Gopu then said he did this to make sure Nagesh should not feel scared to perform in front of Sridhar.[23] The song "Sonnathu Neethaana" is picturised on Devika's character Seetha playing the sitar, but the close-up shot of the fingers playing the sitar were actually those of Ahmed Hussain.[24]

Nenjil Or Aalayam was the first Tamil film to be shot entirely on a single set.[25] Filming was completed in less than 30 days, although accounts vary on how many days were exactly taken to complete the shoot. While film historian Randor Guy and K. S. Sivakumaran of Daily News Sri Lanka state that the film was completed in four weeks,[26][27] Ramya Kannan of The Hindu, and Tamil Canadian journalist D. B. S. Jeyaraj state the completion time to be 22 and 28 days respectively.[18][28] According to Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen, the film was shot in 15 days,[29] while Bhama Devi Ravi of The Times of India states it was shot in two weeks.[30] Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu said the film was completed in 25 days.[31] The final length of the film's prints were 14,810 metres (48,590 ft) long.[32]

Music

[edit]

The original soundtrack album and background score for Nenjil Or Aalayam were composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy (a duo consisting of M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy), while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan.[4][33] All the seven songs were composed and completed within one day.[34]

The inspiration for the opening line of the song "Engirundhalum Vaazhga" came to Kannadasan when he happened to hear the speech of C. N. Annadurai, the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, on actor Sivaji Ganesan at a film function. When Annadurai heard of Ganesan joining the Indian National Congress, he wished the latter success by saying, "Sivaji ... nee engirundhalum vaazhga ..." (Sivaji, wherever you are, live long).[35] The song "Muthana Muthallavo" was written by Kannadasan in 10 minutes at a railway station,[36] and recorded in 20 minutes.[37] "Sonnathu Neethaana" is based on the Jaunpuri raga.[38] Once when Kannadasan was late to the studio for song recording, an upset Viswanathan rebuked him and said he would not ask Kannadasan for lyrics any more. When Kannadasan learned of this, he met Viswanathan and presented him with lyrics beginning with "Sonnathu Neethaana? Sol... Sol..." (transl. Did you say that? Say... Say...), which impressed Viswanathan.[39][40] Lakshmi Palecanda, writing for the magazine Khabar, considered that the song reflects "accusation, sorrow, and disillusionment."[41] Portions of the song "Ninaipadhellam" are based on the Keeravani raga.[42][43]

The album received positive reviews from critics and contributed to the film's success.[44] Film critic Baradwaj Rangan, writing for The New Indian Express, opined that "Engirundhaalum Vaazhga" had set "the precedent for several generations of jilted lovers".[25] P. K. Ajith Kumar of The Hindu stated, "Just as [Susheela] does not need to know the language to sing a song perfectly, we need not know Tamil to enjoy her songs like ... Sonnathu neethanaa... (Nenjil [Or] Aalayam)".[45] Rajadhyaksha and Willemen called "Engirundhaalum Vaazhga" "a classic number about unrequited love."[29] Following Viswanathan's death in July 2015, the news agency Press Trust of India wrote that "Ninaipadhellam" was "memorable for the deep sense of solace it offered to wounded hearts."[46] Anand Venkateswaran of The Wire noted, "MSV's style is less about making words sit in a meter than about a musical empathy with the meaning. Could anyone else have set to tune the first line of 'Sonnadhu nee daana', of Nenjil Or Alayam (Muthuraman, 1962)?"[47] A critic from Dina Thanthi noted Kannadasan had an uncanny ability to deliver perfect situational songs and cited "Sonnathu Neethaana" as an example.[48]

Track listing
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Engirundhaalum Vaazhga"A. L. Raghavan3:16
2."Enna Ninaithu"P. Susheela3:30
3."Muthana Muthallavo"P. Susheela3:35
4."Ninaipadhellam"P. B. Sreenivas3:28
5."Oruvar Vaazhum Aalaiyam"T. M. Soundararajan, L.R. Eshwari3:18
6."Sonnathu Neethaana"P. Susheela3:35
Total length:20:42

Release

[edit]

Nenjil Or Aalayam was released on 26 January 1962,[49] coinciding with the Republic Day of India.[50] It was previously scheduled for 29 December 1961.[51] According to Sridhar, the response during the first week was average but it picked up in the second week;[52] the film ultimately ran for 175 days in theatres.[18] To celebrate the film's successful outing at the box office, the film's crew members created an advertisement thanking the people who came to watch the film and appreciated it; the advertisement was issued in Nadigar Sangam's official magazine, Nadigan Kural, on 9 February 1962.[53] Encouraged by the film's success, Sridhar wished to screen the film at the Cannes Film Festival, thus the screenplay was translated into French in time for the festival. Sridhar sent Sarma, one of his administrative managers, to France to attend the screening of the film on his behalf.[26]

Critical reception

[edit]

Nenjil Or Aalayam received positive feedback from critics for its innovative storytelling.[54][10] On 18 February 1962, the Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan appreciated the film, mentioning it was an innovative film made like American films and a sincere attempt to improve the taste of filmgoers for quality films.[55] On 8 April 1962, Link called the film "refreshingly different. What makes it better is, what it does not have", such as "star value", and involved or insipid dialogue. The reviewer praised the performances of Devika and Kalyan Kumar, and noted that though there were clichés, "the presentation is racy and superb."[56] Kanthan of Kalki lauded the film for its making and the cast performances, praising Sridhar for casting less prominent actors in leading roles.[57]

Accolades

[edit]

Nenjil Or Aalayam won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil and the President's Award for Sridhar at the 10th National Film Awards.[28][58][59] Additionally, it won in two categories at the Film Fans' Association Awards: Best Film and Best Director (Sridhar).[60]

Remakes

[edit]

Sridhar remade Nenjil Or Aalayam in Hindi as Dil Ek Mandir (1963) and in Telugu as Manase Mandiram (1966).[3][61] It was also remade in Malayalam as Hridayam Oru Kshethram (1976) by P. Subramaniam, and in Kannada as Kumkuma Rakshe (1977) by S. K. A. Chari.[3][62] California-based Indian filmmaker Jag Mundhra was keen on remaking Dil Ek Mandir in English and Hindi, effecting some marginal changes in the film treatment. Mundhra met Sridhar to ask for the rights to the film's script only to learn that Sridhar had assigned it to a film financier for a paltry sum, for eternity. The financier demanded an exorbitant fee for giving up the rights. The fee amounted to 75% of Mundhra's budget.[3]

Legacy

[edit]

Whether Sridhar made a comedy or a tragedy, love was his basic theme. It may look clichéd now, that (as in Nenjil Or Aalayam) a woman's former lover would turn out to be the very doctor who has to operate on her husband. But at that time, it was totally off the beaten track. He has been an inspiration to all future filmmakers, including myself.

 – Director K. Balachander on Sridhar.[25]

Nenjil Or Aalayam attained cult status in Tamil cinema and became a trendsetter for fast-paced filmmaking and triangular love stories.[54][63][64] The film became a major breakthrough in Nagesh's career,[15][3][65] and the film critic S. Theodore Baskaran believed that his role as a ward boy "established his position" among Tamil cinema's prominent actors.[66] In 2004, Baradwaj Rangan wrote "A Then Nilavu or a Nenjil Or Aalayam or a Kaadhalikka Neramillai, Sridhar films all, in those days was considered the work of a genius with form."[67]

In July 2007, S. R. Ashok Kumar of The Hindu asked eight acclaimed directors were asked to list ten films they liked most. Directors Mahendran, Balu Mahendra and K. S. Ravikumar listed the film among their favourite films. Ravikumar was quoted saying, "Sridhar's Nenjil Or Aalayam depicts the supremacy of love."[68] K. Hariharan, director of the L. V. Prasad Film and Television Academy in Chennai, noted in 2011, "The only film that could stake claim [in the 1960s] to an individual 'love story' was probably Sridhar's powerful Nenjil [Or] Aalayam! And even here 'sacrifice' takes the upper hand!"[69] It was one of the films featured in artist Jeeva's book Thiraiseelai, a compilation of articles on cinema which won a Special Mention certificate award at the 58th National Film Awards.[70]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Muthuraman stated the play was Vadivel Vathiyar,[11] but Sridhar claimed it was Policekaran Magal.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, pp. 373–374.
  2. ^ Vamanan (2 February 2016). "Uptight to comic: Big daddy of Tamil films". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e Guy, Randor (8 December 2012). "Blast from the Past: Nenjil Ore Alayam (1962)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  4. ^ a b "திருப்புமுனை திரைப்படங்கள் – 35" [Pathbreaking films – 35]. Cinema Express (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  5. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (20 October 2000). "Unforgettable screen mother". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  6. ^ நரசிம்மன், டி.ஏ. (27 April 2018). "டி.சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 15: காஷ்மீரில் கட்டிப்போட்ட சலுகை!". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  7. ^ நரசிம்மன், டி.ஏ. (11 May 2018). "சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 17: கட்டப்பட்டது ஒரு திரை ஆலயம்!". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  8. ^ "நெஞ்சில் ஒரு ஆலயம்: மனசில் ஒரு குழப்பம்" [Temple in the heart: Confusion in the heart]. Kalki (in Tamil). 5 January 1992. pp. 58–59. Retrieved 6 December 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  9. ^ a b c "விஜயகுமாரியின் வாய்ப்பு" [Vijayakumari's opportunity]. Kalki (in Tamil). 12 January 1992. pp. 72–73. Retrieved 6 December 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  10. ^ a b Guy, Randor (22 September 1991). "Sridhar's pathbreaking film". The Indian Express. p. 27. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  11. ^ Rajendran, Girija (24 February 1980). "Tamil Cinema at Sixty". The Illustrated Weekly of India. Vol. 101. p. 55. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  12. ^ "தேவிகா: 2.பாலிருக்கும் பழமிருக்கும்...!". Dinamani (in Tamil). 27 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  13. ^ "தேவிகா: 3. நடிப்பு தண்ணீர் பட்ட பாடு..!". Dinamani (in Tamil). 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  14. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (22 June 2007). "Of versatility that's timeless". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  15. ^ a b c "கண்ணதாசன் கேட்ட கேள்வி" [Question posed by Kannadasan]. Kalki (in Tamil). 19 January 1992. pp. 60, 61. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  16. ^ நாகேஷ் (4 January 2004). "மோடி மஸ்தான் காமெடி பண்ணு". Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 33–35. Retrieved 9 January 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (19 May 2006). "In a realm of ecstasy and emotion". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (19 December 2015). "Uncrowned monarch of humorous actors in Tamil movies". Daily FT. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  19. ^ Raman, Mohan V. (March 2009). "He made you weep while you laughed". Madras Musings. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  20. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (20 February 2009). "Saga of success". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  21. ^ Balabharathi 2012, pp. 246–247.
  22. ^ Nenjil Or Aalayam [A Temple in the Heart] (motion picture) (in Tamil). Chitralaya. 1962. Opening credits, from 4:45 to 7:30.
  23. ^ நாகேஷ் (18 January 2004). "குசும்பு புத்தி". Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 33–35. Retrieved 6 January 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  24. ^ Anwar, Kombai S. (4 January 2018). "A Hindustani tradition, right in the heart of Madras". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  25. ^ a b c Rangan, Baradwaj (2 November 2008). "A breath of fresh air". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  26. ^ a b Guy, Randor (31 October 2008). "Trend-setter". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  27. ^ Sivakumaran, K. S. (4 July 2012). "Tamil film with a difference in the 1960s". Daily News Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  28. ^ a b Kannan, Ramya (27 June 2003). "Film vote". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  29. ^ a b Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 374.
  30. ^ Ravi, Bhama Devi (21 October 2008). "Man who 'moved' Kollywood is no more". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  31. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (21 July 2016). "The director's fine cut". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  32. ^ "NENJIL OOR ALAYAM (Celluloid)". Central Board of Film Certification. 11 January 1962. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  33. ^ "Nenjil Or Aalayam Tracklist". Saregama. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  34. ^ "திரையும் இசையும்". Kalki (in Tamil). 16 April 1989. pp. 20–22. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  35. ^ "ஹீரோவானார் டிஎம்எஸ்!". Dinakaran. 22 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  36. ^ "A daughter takes a trip down Kannadasan lane". The Times of India. 24 April 2018. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  37. ^ "தமிழ்த்தாய் வாழ்த்திற்கு இசையமைத்தவர்" [He, who composed music for Tamilthai Vazhuthu]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  38. ^ Mani, Charulatha (11 May 2012). "A Raga's Journey – Jaunty Jonpuri". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  39. ^ "தலைமுறைக்கு எழுதி வைத்த சீட்டு! கவிஞர் கண்ணதாசன் நினைவு நாள்". Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 16 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  40. ^ பாலமுருகன், ஜி. (15 July 2015). "'சொன்னது நீதானா.. என் விசுவே'". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  41. ^ Palecanda, Lakshmi (June 2017). "Golden Songbirds of Indian Cinema". Khabar. Atlanta. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  42. ^ Sundaresan 1988, p. 50.
  43. ^ Sundararaman 2007, p. 149.
  44. ^ Guy, Randor (April 2011). "THE AVM STORY – 62" (PDF). Mambalam Times. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  45. ^ Kumar, P. K. Ajith (13 November 2015). "Ode to a Southern nightingale". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  46. ^ "MS Viswanathan: The face of an unparalleled era of music". Daily News and Analysis. Press Trust of India. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  47. ^ Venkateswaran, Anand (17 July 2015). "MSV, the Man Who Knew Nothing But Music". The Wire. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  48. ^ "89 மரணத்தை வென்ற கண்ணதாசன்" [Kannadasan triumphed over death 89 times]. Dina Thanthi (in Tamil). 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  49. ^ "Nenjil Oor Alayam (Tamil)". The Indian Express. 26 January 1962. p. 3. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  50. ^ "'நெஞ்சில் ஓர் ஆலயம்' திரைக்கதையும் டாக்டர் 'நீலமேகம்' சிறுகதையும்!" [The screenplay of "Nenjil Or Aalayam" and the short story "Doctor Neelamegam"!]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). Nellai. 31 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  51. ^ "South Indian Film Scene". The Illustrated Weekly of India. Vol. 83. 14 January 1962. p. 57. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  52. ^ "ராஜேந்திரகுமார்: அன்று ஒதுங்கினேன், இன்று நெருங்கினேன்" [Rajendrakumar: I stayed away that day, we came close today]. Kalki (in Tamil). 26 January 1992. pp. 51–52. Retrieved 7 December 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  53. ^ "நன்றி! தமிழ்பட ரசிகர்களுக்கு!" [Thanks! To all Tamil film fans!]. Nadigan Kural (in Tamil). 9 February 1962. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  54. ^ a b Srivatsan (20 October 2016). "Remembering CV Sridhar, the iconoclastic filmmaker on his 8th death anniversary". India Today. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  55. ^ சேகர்; சந்தர் (18 February 1962). "சினிமா விமர்சனம் : நெஞ்சில் ஒர் ஆலயம்" [Movie Review: Nenjil Or Aalayam]. Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  56. ^ "Nenjil Ore Alayam". Link. Vol. 4, Issues 26–51. United India Periodicals. 8 April 1962. p. 40. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  57. ^ காந்தன் (18 February 1962). "நெஞ்சில் ஓர் ஆலயம்". Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 46–47. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  58. ^ "Award for Tamil film". The Indian Express. 25 March 1963. p. 7. Retrieved 3 March 2023 – via Google News Archive.
  59. ^ "State Awards for Films". International Film Festival of India. 20 April 1963. pp. 6, 21. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  60. ^ Ramachandran, T. M. (27 July 1963). "Tit-Bits". Sport and Pastime. Vol. 17. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  61. ^ Mahaan, Deepak (29 January 2010). "Dil Ek Mandir (1963)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  62. ^ Vijayakumar, B. (22 June 2014). "Old is Gold – Hrudayam Oru Kshethram: 1976". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  63. ^ Mahmood 1974, p. 45.
  64. ^ Guy, Randor (8 August 2015). "Blast from the Past: 'Meenda Sorgam' 1960". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
    Ashokamitran. "முடிவற்ற முக்கோணக் காதல்" [Love triangles with an end]. Kalachuvadu (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  65. ^ Kesavan, N. (1 June 2016). "Into the world of Tamil film comedians". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  66. ^ Baskaran, S. Theodore (February 2009). "Tragic comedian". Frontline. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  67. ^ Rangan, Baradwaj (March 2004). "Two people, one industry". India-Seminar. Archived from the original on 18 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  68. ^ Kumar, S. R. Ashok (13 July 2007). "Filmmakers' favourites". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  69. ^ Hariharan, K. (14 April 2011). "Match Point". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  70. ^ Jeshi, K. (27 May 2011). "Cinema chronicles". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nenjil_Or_Aalayam&oldid=1252431731"