March 1956
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March 1956 was the third month of that leap year. The month which began on a Thursday and ended after 31 days on a Saturday
The following events occurred in March 1956:
- The NATO phonetic alphabet (the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet) is drafted by the International Air Transport Association for the International Civil Aviation Organization.[1]
- In Washington, D.C., United States, a replica of the Discus Thrower is dedicated; it is a gift from the Italian government to acknowledge the return of art objects looted during World War II.[2]
- The National People's Army of East Germany is Formed
- Born:
- Tim Daly, US actor, in New York City[3]
- Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, President (2009-2019), in Vilnius[4]
- Morocco reaches agreement with France, ending the protectorate, to become the independent "Kingdom of Morocco".[5]
- While rehearsing for a coming air show, four Canadair Sabre fighter planes of the Sky Lancers aerobatics team of No. 4 Wing, Royal Canadian Air Force, based in West Germany, crash in the Upper Rhine Valley southwest of Strasbourg, France, while performing a loop in formation; all four pilots are killed, and RCAF aerobatic flying stops.[6][7]
- Born: Eduardo Rodríguez, Bolivian politician, President 2005–06, in Cochabamba[8]
- Died: Fred Merkle, 67, American baseball player whose failure to touch second base on what should have been a game-winning hit in a September 1908 game against the Chicago Cubs cost the New York Giants the National League pennant that year.
- A state election in New South Wales, Australia, results in the Australian Labor Party, under incumbent Premier Joseph Cahill, retaining a majority over a coalition of the Liberal and Country parties.[9]
- Popular demonstrations begin in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, protesting against Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.[10]
- Elections to the National Constituent Assembly take place in South Vietnam. President Ngo Dinh Diem's party wins 90 of the 123 seats.[11]
- The last steam locomotive to have been purchased new by Southern Pacific Railroad is retired from service.[12]
- Born: Teena Marie, US singer-songwriter, in Santa Monica, under the name Mary Christine Brockert (died 2010)[13]
- West Germany's Bundestag approves 14 constitutional amendments which allow for rearmament and civilian control over the armed forces, re-introducing conscription.[14]
- Avalanches in Norway's Nordland and Troms regions cause 21 deaths and heavy damage.
- Born: Bryan Cranston, US actor, in Hollywood[15]
- In the Hong Kong municipal election, four of the six seats are won by the Reform Club of Hong Kong, and the other two by the new Hong Kong Civic Association.[16]
- British security forces deport Archbishop Makarios III from Cyprus; he arrives in Mahe Island, Seychelles, as a "guest" of Governor Sir William Addis.[17]
- In Tbilisi, where pro-Stalin protests continue, Soviet troops fire on a demonstrating crowd,[10] resulting in at least 100 casualties.[18]
- A Fairey Delta 2 research aircraft, developed by the Fairey Aviation Company, breaks the World Air Speed Record, achieving a speed of 1,132 mph (1,822 km/h) as 300 mph (480 km/h) over the previous record. It becomes the first aircraft to exceed 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) in level flight, with permission, but no active support, from the British government.[19]
- A United States Air Force Boeing B-47 Stratojet and its 3-man crew disappear over the Mediterranean Sea. The wreckage has to date not been located.[20]
- The Belgian ship MV Prince de Liege catches fire off the coast of Spain and is abandoned by its crew. The ship is towed by a Spanish naval tug then by the Swedish salvage ship Herakles to Gibraltar.[21]
- 101 members of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives sign the Southern Manifesto, in protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education), opposing racial integration in public places.[22]
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 500 for the first time rising 2.40 points, or 0.48%, to 500.24.
- In the United States New Hampshire Democratic Party primary, Estes Kefauver of Tennessee defeats Adlai Stevenson, the eventual winner of the Democratic nomination.[23]
- Born: Motoharu Sano, Japanese musician and singer-songwriter, in Taitō, Tokyo
- Died: David Browning, 24, 1952 Olympic diving gold medalist from the United States, in jet fighter crash near Rantoul, Kansas during a training flight[24]
- The French fishing trawler Vert Prairial is driven ashore at Wireless Point, Porthcurno, Cornwall, UK. All seventeen on board lose their lives.[25]
- Harry Pollitt, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain, unveils a memorial to Karl Marx at Highgate Cemetery, London, UK, following the reburial of Marx and his family a few months earlier.[26]
- A general election is held in Nyasaland (later Malawi) for the first time ever. The newly elected Legislative Council consisted of eleven officials (five indirectly-elected seats for Africans and six elected seats for non-Africans).[27]
- The musical My Fair Lady receives its Broadway première at the Mark Hellinger Theatre, with Rex Harrison in the role of Higgins and Julie Andrews as Eliza. It would run for a record 2,717 performances.[28]
- Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon, is struck by a magnitude 5.3 earthquake, followed 11 minutes later by a magnitude 5.5 quake in Beqaa Governorate. Overall, 148 people are killed.[29] The second quake was located under Lebanon at a depth of 15.0 km.[30]
- The Riotous Assemblies Act no. 17 is passed by the South African government, prohibiting any outside gathering that the Minister of Justice considers a threat to public peace. Nelson Mandela later became one of many charged with offences under the Act.[31]
- Died:
- Fred Allen, 61, US comedian (heart attack)[32]
- Irène Joliot-Curie, 58, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (leukaemia)[33]
- US navy destroyer USS Willis A. Lee is driven onto rocks at Jamestown, Rhode Island, in a storm. It was repaired and returned to service later in the year.[34]
- Italian cargo ship SS Etrusco runs aground at Scituate, Massachusetts, United States. All 30 crew members are rescued by breeches buoy.[34]
- 48-year-old Dutch boxer Bep van Klaveren contests his last match in Rotterdam, losing to Werner Handtke.[35]
- Born: Yegor Gaidar, Russian economist, politician and author, in Moscow (died 2009)[citation needed]
- Tunisia gains independence from French rule as an independent kingdom under Muhammad VIII al-Amin, the country's last bey.[36]
- A 2-day nor'easter, affecting the US Mid-Atlantic States and southern New England, comes to an end, leaving an estimated 162 people dead.[37]
- Died:
- Fanny Durack, 66, Australian swimmer
- Wilhelm Miklas, 83, 3rd President of Austria[38]
- At the 28th Academy Awards ceremony in Los Angeles, United States, Marty becomes the shortest film to win the Best Motion Picture award. Its star, Ernest Borgnine, wins Best Actor.[39]
- In the early hours of the morning, US singer Carl Perkins is injured in a car accident near Wilmington, Delaware, on his way to New York City to make an appearance on the Perry Como Show. Perkins suffers three fractured vertebrae in his neck, severe concussion, a broken collar bone, and multiple lacerations; he remains unconscious for an entire day.[40]
- Pakistan adopts a new constitution, becoming the world's first Islamic republic, though it does not adopt a state religion until 1973.[41]
- In the UK's Grand National steeplechase, Devon Loch, a horse owned by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and ridden by Dick Francis, inexplicably collapses 50 yards (45 m) from the finish while leading the race. The jockey later suggested that the horse was distracted by the cheers of the crowd.[42][43]
- Born: Ingrid Kristiansen, Norwegian athlete, in Trondheim[44]
- Born: Steve Ballmer, US entrepreneur, in Detroit
- Died: Robert Newton, 50, English actor (heart attack)
- Colonel Tom Parker is formally appointed as Elvis Presley's manager.[45]
- The United States Internal Revenue Service raids the offices of the Communist newspaper The Daily Worker in New York and other locations, for non-payment of taxes. The editor claims that the paper lost $200,000 in the previous year, therefore it owes no taxes.[46]
- Four Israeli soldiers captured by Syria in the Golan Heights in 1954 are returned to Israel, in exchange for forty Syrian soldiers captured during Operation Olive Leaves.[48]
- The giant sequoia, General Grant, located in Kings Canyon National Park, United States, is declared a "National Shrine" by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[49]
- Bezymianny, a volcano in Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula, erupts, destroying the summit and forming a horseshoe-shaped crater.[50]
- Typhoon Sarah approaches the Philippines, but changes direction at the last moment and dissipates within a few days.
References
[edit]- ^ "The postal History of the ICAO". ICAO. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
- ^ "Discus Thrower (sculpture)". Art Inventories Catalog. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
- ^ "UPI Almanac for Monday, March 1, 2021". United Press International. March 1, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
... actor Tim Daly in 1956 (age 65)
- ^ Turner, Barry (2010). The statesman's yearbook 2011 : the politics, cultures and economies of the world. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 802. ISBN 9781349586356.
- ^ "Déclaration commune" (in French). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France). March 2, 1956.
- ^ aerobaticteams.net Sky Lancers
- ^ 1 Air Division Aerobatic Display Teams Sky Lancers – 1956 Archived 2014-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ East, Roger (2006). Profiles of people in power : the world's government leaders. London New York: Routledge. p. 68. ISBN 9781857433463.
- ^ McMullin, Ross (1991). The Light on the Hill: The Australian Labor Party 1891-1991. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554966-X.
- ^ a b Kozlov, Vladimir A (transl. by MacKinnon, Elaine McClarnand; 2002), Mass Uprisings in the USSR: Protest and Rebellion in the Post-Stalin Years, pp. 112–136. M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 0-7656-0668-2
- ^ "Vietnam War Timeline: 1956-1967" http://www.vietnamgear.com/Indochina1956.aspx, accessed 10 Aug 2014
- ^ Diebert, Timothy S.; Strapac, Joseph A. (1987). Southern Pacific Company Steam Locomotive Conpendium. Shade Tree Books. ISBN 978-0-930742-12-6.
- ^ Laing, Dave (December 27, 2010). "Teena Marie obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ Gunlicks, Arthur B. (2003). The Länder and German federalism. Manchester University Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-7190-6533-0.
- ^ Chase's Calendar of Events 2019 : the ultimate go-to guide for special days, weeks and months. BERNAN Press. 2018. p. 165. ISBN 9781641432641.
- ^ "The Election". The China Mail. 8 March 1956. p. 1.
- ^ Fitchett, Joseph (August 4, 1977). "Makarios: Cypriot Nationalism Incarnate". The Washington Post. The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ (in Russian) Berets, Sergey, Кризис коммунистического движения (Crisis of the Communist movement). BBC News. 6 March 2006
- ^ Wood, Derek. Project Cancelled. Macdonald and Jane's Publishers, 1975. ISBN 0-356-08109-5. p 78
- ^ Aerospaceweb.org – Broken Arrow Nuclear Weapon Accidents
- ^ "Belgian Merchant P-Z" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 1 December 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Badger, Tony (June 1999). "Southerners Who Refused to Sign the Southern Manifesto". The Historical Journal. 42 (2): 517–534. doi:10.1017/S0018246X98008346. JSTOR 3020998. S2CID 145083004.
- ^ Gorman, Joseph Bruce. Kefauver: A Political Biography. NY: Oxford University Press, 1971.
- ^ "BROWNING, DAVID GREIG, JR". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
- ^ "French Trawler Wrecked On Cornish Coast". The Times. No. 53480. London. 15 March 1956. col A-E, p. 20.
- ^ "The posthumous life of Karl Marx, Highgate Cemetery". The London Dead. 2014-07-07. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
- ^ "News in Brief", The Times, 24 February 1956
- ^ Suskin, Steven. "'My Fair Lady', 1956, 1976, and 1981"Show tunes: the songs, shows, and careers of Broadway's major composers (2010, 4ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-531407-7, p. 224
- ^ "M 5.3 - Lebanon - Syria region". United States Geological Survey. March 16, 1956. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
- ^ "M 5.5 - Lebanon - Syria region". United States Geological Survey. March 16, 1956. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
- ^ Riotous Assemblies Act
- ^ "Fred Allen Dies While on Stroll. Won Fame as Wit on Radio After a Stage Career". New York Times. 1956-03-18.
Fred Allen, the humorist, collapsed and died late last night while taking a customary nightly stroll.
- ^ "Q&A: Polonium-210". Chemistry World. Royal Society of Chemistry. 27 November 2006. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ a b "Blizzard Havoc On U.S. Coast". The Times. No. 53483. London. 19 March 1956. col D, p. 10.
- ^ "Bep van Klaaveren's laatste wedstrijd". Leydse Courant. 20 March 1956. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ^ Kenneth J. Perkins, A History of Modern Tunisia (Cambridge University 2004) at 125-129, 131-133.
- ^ Harold Hutchings (March 21, 1956). "Snow Battered East Digs Out; Count 162 Dead". The Chicago Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
- ^ "Wilhelm Miklas, Biografie | Parlament Österreich". www.parlament.gv.at (in German).
- ^ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences). Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
- ^ Perkins, Carl; McGee, David (1996). Go, Cat, Go!. New York: Hyperion Press. ISBN 0-7868-6073-1. OCLC 32895064.
- ^ The First Islamic Republic
- ^ Philip, Robert (5 April 2002). "Grand National: Devon Loch's place in history". Telegraph. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Hayler, Will (14 February 2010). "Scars of Devon Loch's Grand National never healed for Dick Francis". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Ingrid Kristiansen official website". Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Guralnick, Peter (1994). Last Train to Memphis. Little, Brown. p. 258. ISBN 9780316332200.
- ^ Warden, Philip (April 5, 1956). "Tax Raids on Daily Worker Planned 3 Yrs". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ "Telegrams in Brief". The Times. No. 53501. London. 10 March 1956. col C, p. 9.
- ^ "Timeline: Israeli prisoner exchanges". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29.
- ^ National Park Service. "Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Information Page". Archived from the original on 2007-03-28. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ J.S. Loen; C.A. Wallace; H.H. Mehnert; Robert George Schmidt (1983). U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1–.