List of people executed in Massachusetts
Appearance
This is a list of at least 351 people executed in Massachusetts, United States.[1][2] Capital punishment in Massachusetts was ruled unconstitutional and effectively abolished in 1984.[3]
1630–1699
[edit]Bracketed question marks ( [?] ) denote that only part of a person's name is known.
# | Name | Age | Race | Gender | Occupation | Crime | Date of execution | Method of execution | County |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Billington | 40 | White | Male | ? | Murder of John Newcomen | 1630-09-30 | Hanging | Bristol |
2 | John Williams | White | Male | Carpenter | Murder-Robbery | 1637 | Hanging | Worcester | |
3 | William Schooler | White | Male | Guide | Murder | 1637-09-23 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
4 | Thomas Jackson | White | Male | Indentured Servant[4] | Murder-Robbery (part of the Peach Gang) | 1638-09-04 | Hanging | Plymouth[5] | |
5 | Arthur Peach | 18-20 | White | Male | Indentured Servant[4] | Murder-Robbery (part of the Peach Gang) | 1638-09-04 | Hanging | Plymouth[5] |
6 | Richard Stinnings | White | Male | Indentured Servant[4] | Murder-Robbery (part of the Peach Gang) | 1638-09-04 | Hanging | Plymouth[5] | |
7 | Dorothy Talbye | White | Female | Housewife | Murder | 1638-12-06 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
8 | William Hackett | 18 | White | Male | Servant | Sodomy/Buggery/Bestiality | 1641-12-10 | Hanging | Plymouth |
9 | Thomas Granger | 17 | White | Male | Servant | Sodomy/Buggery/Bestiality | 1642-09-08 | Hanging | Suffolk |
10 | James Britton | White | Male | ? | Adultery | 1643-03-21 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
11 | Mary Latham | 18 | White | Female | Housewife | Adultery | 1643-03-21 | Hanging | Plymouth |
12 | William Franklin | White | Male | Farmer | Murder | 1644-04-08 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
13 | Mary Martin | 22 | White | Female | Servant | Murder | 1646 | Hanging | Suffolk |
14 | Alice Bishop | White | Female | ? | Murder | 1648 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
15 | Margaret Jones | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft | 1648-06-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
16 | [?] Kendall | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft | 1651 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
17 | Mary Parsons | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft | 1651-05-29 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
18 | Ann Hibbens | White | Female | Widow | Witchcraft | 1656-06-19 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
19 | William Robinson | White | Male | ? | Being a Quaker/Boston Martyr | 1659-01-22 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
20 | Marmaduke Stevenson | White | Male | ? | Being a Quaker/Boston Martyr | 1659-01-22 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
21 | Mary Dyer | White | Female | Housewife | Being a Quaker/Boston Martyr | 1660-06-01 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
22 | William Leddra | White | Male | ? | Being a Quaker/Boston Martyr | 1661-03-14 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
23 | Samuel Bellamy | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1661 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
24 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1661 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
25 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1661 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
26 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1661 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
27 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1661 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
28 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1661 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
29 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1670 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
30 | [Unknown] (son of Matoonas)[6] | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1671 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
31 | William Forrest | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1672 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
32 | Alexander Wilson | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1672 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
33 | John Smith | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1672 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
34 | Tom | Native American | Male | ? | Rape | 1674 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
35 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1674-01-18 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
36 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1674-01-18 | Hanging | ? | |
37 | Benjamin Gourd | 17 | White | Male | ? | Sodomy/Buggery/Bestiality | 1674-04-02 | Hanging | Suffolk |
38 | Samuel Guile | White | Male | ? | Rape | 1675-01-16 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
39 | Nicholas Feavor | White | Male | Servant | Murder | 1675-03-18 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
40 | Robert Driver | White | Male | Servant | Murder | 1675-03-18 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
41[7] | Tobias | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1675-06-08 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
42[7] | Mattashunnamo | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1675-06-08 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
43[7] | Wampapaquan | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1675-06 (after June 8) | Shooting | Plymouth | |
44 | John Littlejohn | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1675-09-22 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
45 | Samuel Guile, Jr.[8] | 32 | White | Male | ? | Rape | 1675-10-16 | Hanging | Suffolk |
46 | Basto (Cox) | Black | Male | Slave | Rape | 1676 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
47 | Matoonas | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1676-07-27 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
48 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
49 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
50 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
51 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
52 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
53 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
54 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
55 | [Unknown] | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1676 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
56 | Daniel Goble | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1676 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
57 | Stephen Goble | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1676 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
58 | Daniel Hoare | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1676 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
59 | Nathaniel Wilder | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1676 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
60 | Marja (Lamb) | Black | Female | Slave | Arson | 1681-09-22 | Burning | Suffolk | |
61 | Jack (Wolcott) | Black | Male | Slave | Arson | 1681-09-22 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
62 | William Cheney | White | Male | Planter | Rape | 1681-09-22 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
63 | Mrs. Henry Lake | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft | 1684 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
64 | James Morgan | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1685-03-11 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
65 | Ann Glover | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft | 1688-11-16 | Hanging | ? | |
66 | Samuel Watts | ? | Male | Pirate | Murder | 1689 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
67 | William Coward | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-17 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
68 | Thomas Johnson | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-17 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
69 | James Hawkins | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
70 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
71 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
72 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
73 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
74 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
75 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
76 | [Unknown] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1689-01-27 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
77 | Pammatoock | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1689-09-26 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
78 | Hugh Stone | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1690 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
79 | Rebecca Nurse | 71 | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-07-19 | Hanging | Dukes |
80 | Susannah Martin | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-07-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
81 | Elizabeth Howe | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-07-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
82 | Sarah Wildes | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-07-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
83 | George Jacobs, Sr. | White | Male | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-08-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
84 | John Willard | White | Male | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-08-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
85 | John Proctor | White | Male | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-08-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
86 | Martha Carrier | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-08-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
87 | George Burroughs | White | Male | Clergyman | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-08-19 | Hanging | Essex | |
88 | Giles Corey | White | Male | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-16 | Pressing | Essex | |
89 | Mary Parker | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
90 | Alice Parker | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
91 | Mary Eastey | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
92 | Martha Corey | White | Female | Housewife | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
93 | Ann Pudeator | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
94 | Wilmot Redd | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
95 | Margaret Scott | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
96 | Samuel Wardwell | White | Male | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
97 | Bridget Bishop | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
98 | Sarah Good | White | Female | ? | Witchcraft/Salem witch trials | 1692-09-22 | Hanging | Essex | |
99 | Elizabeth Emmerson | 28 | White | Female | ? | Murder (Infanticide)[9] | 1693-06-08 | Hanging | Essex |
100 | Grace [?][9] | Black | Female | Indentured Servant[9] | Murder (Infanticide)[10] | 1693-06-08 | Hanging | Essex | |
101 | Susanna Andrews | White | Female | ? | Concealment of birth | 1696 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
102 | Sarah Threeneedles[11] | ? | Female | ? | Murder | 1698-11-17 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
103 | Sarah Smith | White | Female | ? | Murder | 1699 | Hanging | Plymouth |
1700–1799
[edit]# | Name | Age | Race | Gender | Occupation | Crime | Date of execution | Method of execution | County |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Esther Rodgers | 21 | White | Female | Servant | Murder | 1701-07-15 | Hanging | Suffolk |
2 | Finch | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1704 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
3 | John Lambert | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1704-06-30 | Hanging | Essex | |
4 | John Miller | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1704-06-30 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
5 | Erastus Petersen | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1704-06-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
6 | John Quelch | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1704-06-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
7 | Peter Roach | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1704-06-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
8 | Christopher Scudamore | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1704-06-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
9 | Josias [?] | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1709-01-12 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
10 | Joseph [?] | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1709-01-12 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
11 | Betty [?] | Black | Female | ? | ? | 1712 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
12 | David Wallis | White | Male | Sailor | Murder | 1713-09 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
13 | Margaret Callahan | ? | Female | ? | Murder | 1715-06-04 | Hanging | ? | |
14 | Jeremiah Fenwick | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1717 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
15 | Thomas Baker | White | Male | ? | Piracy | 1715-11-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
16 | Peter Hoof | White | Male | ? | Piracy | 1715-11-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
17 | John Brown | White | Male | ? | Piracy | 1715-11-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
18 | John Shuan | White | Male | ? | Piracy | 1715-11-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
19 | Simon Van Vorst | White | Male | ? | Piracy | 1715-11-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
20 | Hendrick Quintos | White | Male | ? | Piracy | 1715-11-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
21 | Joseph Hanno | Black | Male | ? | Murder | 1721-05-25 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
22 | [Unknown] | Black | Male | ? | Arson | 1723 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
23 | John Archer | 27 | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1724-06-02 | Hanging | Suffolk |
24 | William White | 22 | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1724-06-02 | Hanging | Suffolk |
25 | Samuel Cole | ? | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1726 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
26 | William Fly | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1726 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
27 | Henry Grenvil | ? | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1726 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
28 | [Unknown] | Black | Male | Slave | Murder | 1729 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
29 | Richard Wilson | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1732-01-13 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
30 | Quincy Julian | Native American | Male | Slave | Murder | 1733-03-22 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
31 | Rebekah Chamblit | 27 | White | Female | ? | Infanticide | 1733-09-27 | Hanging | Suffolk |
32 | Amaziah Harding | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1734-06 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
33 | Matthew Cushing | 22 | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1734-10-17 | Hanging | Suffolk |
34 | John Ormsby | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1734-10-17 | Hanging | Barnstable | |
35 | Sabo J. Nobby | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1736 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
36 | Hugh Henderson | 30 | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1737-11-26 | Hanging | Suffolk |
37 | Philip Kennison | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1738-09-13 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
38 | Heppy Comfort | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1739 | Hanging | Worcester | |
39 | [Garnier] | Black | Male | Slave | Arson | 1741-01 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
40 | Jeffrey [?] | Black | Male | Slave | Murder | 1745 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
41 | [Unknown] | Black | ? | Slave | ? | 1749 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
42 | [Unknown] | Black | ? | Slave | ? | 1749 | Burning | Worcester | |
43 | Henry Jude | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1750 | Hanging | ? | |
44 | David [?] | Black | Male | Servant | Murder | 1751-05-16 | Hanging | ? | |
45 | William Welch | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1754-04-11 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
46 | William Weir | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1754-11-19 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
47 | Mark Codman | Black | Male | Slave | Murder | 1755-09-18 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
48 | Phillis Codman | Black | Female | Slave | Murder | 1755-09-18 | Burning | Suffolk | |
49 | John Harrington | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1757-03-17 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
50 | Bristol [?] | 16 | Black | Male | ? | Murder | 1763-12-01 | Hanging | Middlesex |
51 | Joseph Lightley | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1765-11-21 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
52 | Nathan Quibby | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1768-05-26 | Hanging | Bristol | |
53 | Arthur [?] | 21 | Black | Male | Slave | Rape | 1767-10-20 | Hanging | Middlesex |
54 | Richard Ames | White | Male | Soldier | Desertion | 1768-01-31 | Shooting | Nantucket | |
55 | Tom Ichabod | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1769 | Hanging | Worcester | |
56 | Joel Elisa | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1769 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
57 | Simon Hews | Native American | Male | ? | ? | 1769 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
58 | William Lindsay | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1770-01-25 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
59 | William Shaw | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1770-12-13 | Hanging | Nantucket | |
60 | Bryan Sheehan | 39 | White | Male | ? | Rape | 1772-01-16 | Hanging | Worcester |
61 | Levi Ames | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1773-01-21 | Hanging | Hampden | |
62 | Valentine Ducat | White | Male | Soldier | Desertion | 1774-09-01 | Shooting | Essex | |
63 | William Ferguson | White | Male | Soldier | Desertion | 1774-12-24 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
64 | Elijah Woodward | White | Male | Soldier | Desertion | 1777-01-05 | Shooting | Suffolk | |
65 | William Brooks | White | Male | Soldier | Murder | 1778-07-02 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
66 | James Buchanan | 30 | White | Male | Soldier | Murder | 1778-07-02 | Hanging | Suffolk |
67 | Ezra Ross | 16 | White | Male | Soldier | Murder | 1778-07-02 | Hanging | Worcester |
68 | Bathsheba Spooner | 32 | White | Female | Housewife | Murder | 1778-07-02 | Hanging | Worcester |
69 | Robert Young | 29 | White | Male | Soldier | Rape | 1779-11-11 | Hanging | Worcester |
70 | William Huggins | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1783-06-19 | Hanging | Worcester | |
71 | John Mansfield | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1783-06-19 | Hanging | Worcester | |
72 | Cassumo Garcelli | 23 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1784-01-15 | Hanging | Worcester |
73 | Dirick Grout (or Dirach Grout)[12] | 36 | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1784-01-28 | Hanging | Worcester |
74 | Francis Coven (or Francis Couvin)[12] | 22 | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1784-01-28 | Hanging | Suffolk |
75 | John Dixson (or John Dixon)[12] | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1784-11-11 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
76 | Alexander White | 22 | White | Male | Seaman | Murder-Robbery | 1784-11-18 | Hanging | Suffolk |
77 | Richard Barrick | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1784-11-18 | Hanging | Bristol | |
78 | John Sullivan | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1784-11-18 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
79 | Thomas Archibald | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1785-05-05 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
80 | William Scott | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1785-05-05 | Hanging | Hampshire | |
81 | Hannah Piggen (or Hannah Piggin, or Hannah Pigeon)[11] | ? | Female | ? | Concealment of birth | 1785-07-21[12] | Hanging | Hampshire | |
82 | Johnson Greene (or Johnson Green)[12] | 29 | Black | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1786-08-17 | Hanging | Suffolk |
83 | Isaac Combs (or Isaac Coombs)[12] | 39 | Native American | Male | Peddler | Murder | 1786-12-21 | Hanging | Suffolk |
84 | Peter Wilcox, Jr. | ? | Male | ? | Murder | ? | Hanging | Berkshire | |
85 | John Sheehan (or John Shean)[12] | 24 | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1787-11-22 | Hanging | Worcester |
86 | John Bly | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1787-12-06 | Hanging | Essex | |
87 | Charles Rose | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1787-12-06 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
88 | William Clarke | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1787-12-06 | Hanging | Hampshire | |
89 | Joseph Taylor | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1788-05-08 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
90 | Archibald Taylor | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1788-05-08 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
91 | Abigail Converse (or Abiel Converse,[11] or Abiah Converse)[12] | 32[13] | White[13][a] | Female | ? | Murder of her illegitimate child[14] | 1788-07-06 | Hanging | Suffolk |
92[12] | John O'Neil | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1788-09-04 | Hanging | Bristol | |
93 | William Danesse (or William Denossee)[12] | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1789-10-08 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
94 | William Smith | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1789-10-08 | Hanging | Hampshire | |
95 | Rachel Wall | 29 | Female | Pirate | Robbery | 1789-10-08 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
96 | Edward Vail Brown[12] | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1790-10-14 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
97 | John Bailey | Black | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1790-10-14 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
98 | Samuel Hadlock | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1790-10-28 | Hanging | Lincoln | |
99 | Samuel Frost | 29 | White | Male | Farmhand | Murder | 1793-10-31 | Hanging | Suffolk |
100 | John Baptiste Collins | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1794-07-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
101 | Emanuel Furtado (or Manuel Furtado, or Edmund Fortis)[12] | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1794-07-30 | Hanging | Worcester | |
102 | Augustus Palacha (or Augustus Poleski) | ? | Male | Pirate | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1794-07-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
103 | Pomp [Furbish] | Black | Male | Slave | Murder | 1795-08-06 (or 1795-08-10)[12] | Hanging | Suffolk | |
104 | Henry Blackburn (or Henry Blackbourne)[12] | White | Male | Chimney Sweep | Murder-Robbery | 1796-01-14 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
105 | John Stewart | White | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1797-04-06 | Hanging | Essex | |
106 | Stephen Smith[15] | 28 | Black | Male | Escaped Slave | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1797-10-12 | Hanging | Essex |
107 | Samuel Smith | ? | Male | ? | Housebreaking/Burglary | 1799-12-26 | Hanging | Middlesex |
1800–1899
[edit]# | Name | Age | Race | Gender | Occupation | Crime | Date of execution | Method of execution | County |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jason Fairbanks | 21 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1801-09-10 | Hanging | Suffolk |
2 | Ebenezer Mason | White | Male | Laborer | Murder | 1802-01-07 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
3 | John Battles (or John Battes, or John Battis)[12] | 19 | Black | Male | ? | Murder-Rape | 1804-11-08 | Hanging | Norfolk |
4 | Ephiram Wheeler (or Ephraim Wheeler)[12] | White | Male | ? | Rape | 1806-02-06 | Hanging | Hampshire | |
5 | Dominic Daley | 36 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1806-06-05 | Hanging | Norfolk |
6 | James Halligan | 28 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1806-06-05 | Hanging | Norfolk |
7 | Joseph Drew | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1808-07-21 | Hanging | ? | |
8 | Ebenezer Ball | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1811-10-31 | Hanging | ? | |
9 | Samuel Tully | 42 | White | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1812-12-10 | Hanging | Hampshire |
10 | Henry Pyner | Black | Male | ? | Rape | 1813-11-05 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
11 | Ezra Hutchinson | ? | Male | ? | Rape | 1813-11-18 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
12 | Henry Phillips | White | Male | Seaman | Murder | 1817-03-13 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
13 | John Williams | 30 | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1819-02-18 | Hanging | Hampshire |
14 | Francis Frederick | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1819-02-18 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
15 | John P. Rog | 30 | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1819-02-18 | Hanging | Suffolk |
16 | Peter Peterson (or Nils Peterson) | 20 | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy and Murder on the High Seas | 1819-02-18 | Hanging | Suffolk |
17 | Peter Johnson | Black | Male | ? | Rape | 1819-11-25 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
18 | Michael Powers | 51 | White | Male | Laborer | Murder | 1820-05-25 | Hanging | Suffolk |
19 | Warren Fawsett (or Thomas Warrington) | ? | Male | Pirate | Murder on the High Seas | 1820-06-15 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
20 | William Holmes | ? | Male | Pirate | Murder on the High Seas | 1820-06-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
21 | Edward Rosewaine | ? | Male | Pirate | Murder on the High Seas | 1820-06-15 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
22 | Stephen Clarke (or Stephen M. Clark) | 16 | White | Male | ? | Arson | 1821-05-10 | Hanging | Suffolk |
23 | Michael Martin | 46 | White | Male | Highwayman | Robbery | 1821-12-20 | Hanging | Suffolk |
24 | Samuel Clisby | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1822-03-07 | Hanging | Essex | |
25 | Gilbert Close | ? | Male | ? | Robbery | 1822-03-07 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
26 | Samuel Green | 26 | White | Male | Convict | Murder | 1822-04-25 | Hanging | Suffolk |
27 | Perez Anthony (or Perry Anthony) | Black | Male | Seaman | Murder | 1824-12-21 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
28 | Horace Carter | White | Male | ? | Rape | 1825-12-07 (or 1825-12-08) | Hanging | Suffolk | |
29 | John Holloran | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1826-03-03 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
30 | Samuel Chase (or Samuel P. Charles) | Native American | Male | ? | Murder | 1826-11-22 (or 1826-11-26) | Hanging | Worcester | |
31 | Duncan White | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1827-02-01 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
32 | Winslow Curtis | White | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1827-02-01 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
33 | John Boies | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1829-07-07 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
34 | John F. Knapp | 20 | White | Male | Shipmaster | Murder | 1830-09-28 | Hanging | Suffolk |
35 | Joseph J. Knapp, Jr. | White | Male | Shipmaster | Murder | 1830-12-31 | Hanging | Norfolk | |
36 | Joseph Gadett | Black | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1831-07-01 | Hanging | Essex | |
37 | Thomas Collinet | Black | Male | Pirate | Piracy | 1831-07-01 | Hanging | Essex | |
38 | Henry Joseph | Black | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1834-12-02 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
39 | Pedro Gibbert | Hispanic | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1835-06-09 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
40 | Manuel Boyga | Hispanic | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1835-06-09 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
41 | Manuel Castello | Hispanic | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1835-06-09 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
42 | Angel Garcia | Hispanic | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1835-06-09 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
43 | Juan Montenegro | Hispanic | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1835-06-09 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
44 | Francisco Ruiz | Hispanic | Male | Seaman | Piracy | 1835-09-12 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
45 | Simeon Crockett | 27 | White | Male | Carpenter | Arson | 1836-03-16 | Hanging | Suffolk |
46 | Stephen Russell | White | Male | Carpenter | Arson | 1836-03-16 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
47[b] | Thomas Barrett | White | Male | ? | Murder-Rape | 1845-01-03 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
48 | Washington Goode | ? | Male | Seaman | Murder | 1849-05-25 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
49 | Daniel H. Pearson[16][c] | 41 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1850-07-20 | Hanging | Worcester |
50 | John White Webster | White | Male | Medical professional | Murder | 1850-08-30 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
51 | James Clough | 29 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1854-04-28 | Hanging | Suffolk |
52 | Thomas Casey | 22 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1854-09-29 | Hanging | Suffolk |
53 | James McGee | ? | Male | Convict | Murder | 1858-06-25 | Hanging | Bristol | |
54 | Alexander Desmarteau | White | Male | ? | Murder-Rape | 1861-04-26 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
55 | George Hersey | 29 | White | Male | Cobbler | Murder | 1862-08-08 | Hanging | Suffolk |
56 | James Callender | Black | Male | ? | Murder-Rape | 1863-11-06 | Hanging | Norfolk | |
57 | Edward Green | 33 | White | Male | Postmaster | Murder-Robbery | 1866-04-13 | Hanging | Norfolk |
58 | Silas James | 31 | White | Male | Gambler | Murder-Robbery | 1868-09-25 | Hanging | Berkshire |
59 | Charles James | 22 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1868-09-25 | Hanging | Middlesex |
60 | James McElhaney | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1873-03-21 | Hanging | Worcester | |
61 | Albert Smith | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1873-06-27 | Hanging | Worcester | |
62 | William Sturtevant | White | Male | Factory Worker | Murder-Robbery | 1875-05-02 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
63 | James Costley | White | Male | Innkeeper | Murder | 1875-06-25 | Hanging | Hampden | |
64 | George Pemberton | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1875-01-08 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
65 | Thomas W. Piper | 27 | White | Male | Church janitor | Murder-Rape | 1876-05-26 | Hanging | Norfolk |
66 | Samuel Frost | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1876-05-26 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
67 | John Ten Eyck | 46 | Black | Male | Laborer | Murder-Robbery | 1878-08-16 | Hanging | Suffolk |
68 | William Devlin | White | Male | Mill foreman | Murder | 1879-03-13 | Hanging | Worcester | |
69 | Alan Adams | 44 | White | Male | Whaler | Murder | 1881-04-16 | Hanging | Berkshire |
70 | Joseph Loomis | ? | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1883-03-08 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
71 | Charles Williams | Black | Male | ? | Rape | 1886-01-08 | Hanging | Hampshire | |
72 | Samuel Besse | ? | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1887-03-10 | Hanging | Hampden | |
73 | James Nowlin | 18 | White | Male | Milkman | Murder-Robbery | 1888-01-20 | Hanging | Middlesex |
74 | Walter Holmes | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1893-02-03 | Hanging | Plymouth | |
75 | William Coy | White | Male | Wood chopper | Murder | 1893-03-03 | Hanging | Middlesex | |
76 | Daniel Robertson | 49 | White | Male | Carpenter | Murder | 1894-12-04 | Hanging | Hampden |
77 | Angus Gilbert | White | Male | ? | Murder-Rape | 1896-02-21 | Hanging | Berkshire | |
78 | Jack O'Neill | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1898-01-07 | Hanging | Bristol | |
79 | Lorenz Barnes | ? | Male | ? | Murder-Burglary | 1898-03-04 | Hanging | Suffolk | |
80 | Dominique Krathofski | 29 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1898-12-30 | Hanging | Franklin |
1900–1947
[edit]In 1900, Massachusetts installed an electric chair in the Charlestown State Prison; all Massachusetts executions in the 20th century, and the remainder of Massachusetts' executions prior to abolition, were carried out by electrocution.[3]
# | Name | Age | Race | Gender | Occupation | Crime | Date of execution | Method of execution | County |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Luigi Storti | 26 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1901-12-17 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
2 | Franciszek Umilian | 34 | White | Male | Farmhand | Murder | 1901-12-24 | Electric chair | Hampden |
3 | John Cassels | 34 | White | Male | Bike repairman | Murder | 1902-05-06 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
4 | John C. Best | 37 | White | Male | Farm laborer | Murder | 1902-09-09 | Electric chair | Hampshire |
5 | Charles Tucker | 25 | White | Male | Handyman | Murder-Robbery | 1906-06-12 | Electric chair | Hampden |
6 | John Schidlofski | 29 | White | Male | Barber | Murder | 1906-07-09 | Electric chair | Essex |
7 | Woon Hom | 37 | Asian | Male | Tong member | Murder | 1909-01-12 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
8 | Sing Min | 31 | Asian | Male | Tong member | Murder | 1909-01-12 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
9 | Gong Leong | 19 | Asian | Male | Tong member | Murder | 1909-01-12 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
10 | Napoleon Rivet | 32 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1910-07-28 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
11 | Wassili Ivankowski | 22 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1911-03-07 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
12 | Andrei Ipson | 19 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1911-03-07 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
13 | Silas Phelps | 39 | White | Male | Paper worker | Murder | 1912-01-26 | Electric chair | Essex |
14 | Clarence Richeson | 36 | White | Male | Clergyman | Murder | 1912-05-21 | Electric chair | Essex |
15 | Harry Marshall | 25 | White | Male | Fireman | Murder | 1912-06-06 | Electric chair | Franklin |
16 | Bertram Spencer | 31 | White | Male | Clerk | Murder-Burglary | 1912-09-17 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
17 | Chester Jordan | 33 | White | Male | Vaudeville | Murder | 1912-09-24 | Electric chair | Plymouth |
18 | Stefan Borasky | 26 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1913-06-24 | Electric chair | Hampden |
19 | William Door | 31 | White | Male | Businessman | Murder | 1914-03-24 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
20 | Biago Falzone | 23 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1915-05-11 | Electric chair | Hampden |
21 | Anton Retkovitz | 37 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1916-03-16 | Electric chair | Essex |
22 | Francis Ducharme | 27 | White | Male | Laborer | Murder-Rape | 1917-09-11 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
23 | Francisco Feci | 37 | White | Male | Laborer | Murder | 1920-08-16 | Electric chair | Bristol |
24 | Paul Dascalakis | 30 | White | Male | Waiter | Murder | 1923-07-14 | Electric chair | Hampden |
25 | Cyrille Vandenhecke | 51 | White | Male | Loom fixer | Murder | 1924-07-30 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
26 | Richard Stewart | 32 | Black | Male | ? | Murder | 1926-05-05 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
27 | John McLaughlin | 30 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1927-01-06 | Electric chair | Essex |
28 | John Devereaux | 25 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1927-01-06 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
29 | Edward Heinlein | 26 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1927-01-06 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
32 | Nicola Sacco | 36 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1927-08-23 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
30 | Bartolomeo Vanzetti | 33 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1927-08-23 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
31 | Celestino Madeiros | 24 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1927-08-23 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
33 | Jerry Gedzium | 23 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1928-02-28 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
34 | Herbert Gleason | 21 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1928-03-13 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
35 | Nathan DeSatnick | 25 | White | Male | Fruit peddler | Murder | 1928-07-17 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
36 | George Taylor | 47 | White | Male | Barber | Murder-Rape | 1929-03-06 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
37 | Frederick Knowlton, Jr. | 37 | White | Male | Businessman | Murder | 1929-05-14 | Electric chair | Worcester |
38 | Charles Trippi | 22 | White | Male | Convict | Murder | 1929-12-03 | Electric chair | Essex |
39 | Paul Hurley | 20 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1931-09-15 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
40 | Joseph Belenski | 38 | White | Male | Farmhand | Murder | 1931-01-21 | Electric chair | Worcester |
41 | Sylvester Fernandes | 24 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1932-08-12 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
42 | Ahmed Osman | 37 | Other | Male | ? | Murder-Rape | 1934-01-23 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
43 | Henry Bull | 22 | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1934-02-22 | Electric chair | Barnstable |
44 | Herman Snyder | 21 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1934-02-22 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
45 | John Donnellon | 24 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1934-02-22 | Electric chair | Franklin |
46 | Alexander Kaminski | 25 | White | Male | Jail prisoner | Murder | 1935-02-19 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
47 | Abraham Faber | 25 | White | Male | Businessman | Murder-Robbery | 1935-06-07 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
48 | Irving Millen | 22 | White | Male | Criminal | Murder-Robbery | 1935-06-07 | Electric chair | Hampden |
49 | Murton Millen | 25 | White | Male | Criminal | Murder-Robbery | 1935-06-07 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
50 | Miller Clark | 44 | White | Male | Truck driver | Murder-Rape | 1936-01-14 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
51 | Newell Sherman | 27 | White | Male | Machinist | Murder | 1936-08-04 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
52 | Anthony Distasio | 25 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1938-01-18 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
53 | Frank Distasio | 52 | White | Male | Candy dealer | Murder | 1938-01-18 | Electric chair | Worcester |
54 | Edward Simpson | 43 | White | Male | Ex-convict | Murder | 1938-05-13 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
55 | Walter St. Saveur | 22 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1939-08-02 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
56 | Wallace Green | 22 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1939-08-02 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
57 | Joseph Rousseau | 29 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1941-04-22 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
58 | Paul Giacomazza | 19 | White | Male | ? | Murder | 1942-06-30 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
59 | James Nickerson | 22 | ? | Male | ? | Murder | 1942-06-30 | Electric chair | Norfolk |
60 | Joseph E. Sheppard | 25 | White | Male | Mental patient | Murder | 1943-06-25 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
61 | Donald Millard | 19 | White | Male | Mental patient | Murder | 1943-06-25 | Electric chair | Middlesex |
62 | Robert Hayward Gray[17] | 34 | Black[18] | Male | Handyman[17] | Murder-Robbery[19] | 1943-06-25 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
63 | Raphael Skopp | 36 | White | Male | ? | Murder-Robbery | 1946-08-16 | Electric chair | Plymouth |
64 | Philip Bellino | 32 | White | Male | Gangster | Murder | 1947-05-09 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
65 | Edward Gertsen | 35 | White | Male | Gangster | Murder | 1947-05-09 | Electric chair | Suffolk |
Notes
[edit]- ^ The source states that Abigail/Abiel Converse's family lineage can be traced back to Edward Convers, one of the earliest settlers of the Plymouth Colony in 1630, making it highly likely Abigail/Abiel Converse was white.
- ^ The Espy Files list a 13-year-old boy as having been hanged for arson in Suffolk County on an unknown day in 1837. M. Watt Espy's notes state that this boy was an "Irish orphan" who was executed by hanging in Suffolk County according to the Times-Picayune located out of Louisiana. Further digging shows this boy's name was Michael Monohon (or Michael Monohan). Some reports say Michael was hanged in Lowell, Massachusetts, on either 06/10/1837, or 06/17/1837. Other reports state that his sentence was commuted to a lifetime of hard labor very shortly before he was scheduled to be executed. Due to the uncertainty around this case, he will not be included in this table or in the final count of Massachusetts executions.
- ^ The Espy Files list his name as just "Pierson," without providing a first name, age, or race.
References regarding Michael Monohon[20][21][22][23]
References
[edit]- ^ "The Espy Files" (PDF). Death Penalty Information Center. 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
- ^ Report of the Select Committee of the House of Representatives (PDF). Boston, Massachusetts: Massachusetts House of Representatives. 1831-01-06. pp. 91–93. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-13.
- ^ a b "Massachusetts". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
- ^ a b c "From Thanksgiving to War: Native Americans in Criminal Cases of Plymouth Colony, 1630-1675". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2021-11-30 – via University of Illinois.
- ^ a b c "Crime and Punishment in Plymouth Colony". Mayflower History. Archived from the original on 2023-07-28. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
Arthur Peach, Thomas Jackson, Richard Stinnings and Daniel Cross were convicted of murdering an Indian named Penowanyanquis in 1638: the motive was robbery. Daniel Cross escaped custody, but the others were executed by hanging. The triple-hanging sent a strong message that Plymouth Colony would treat the murder of Native Americans equally.
- ^ Hanson, Robert Brand (1976). Dedham, Massachusetts: 1635–1890. Dedham, Massachusetts: Dedham Historical Society. p. 90.
- ^ a b c Ronda, James P.; Ronda, Jeanne (Summer 1974). "The Death of John Sassamon: An Exploration in Writing New England Indian History". American Indian Quarterly. 1 (2): 91–102. doi:10.2307/1183890. JSTOR 1183890 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Noble, John (1901). Records of the Court of assistants of the colony of the Massachusetts bay, 1630-1692, Vol. 1. Boston: County of Suffolk. p. 50.
- ^ a b c "Puritan Child Killers: Hannah Duston and Her Sister". New England Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2023-08-14. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
- ^ Roach, Marilynne K. (2002). The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community under Siege (1st Taylor Trade Publishing ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. pp. 398–406. ISBN 1589791320.
- ^ a b c Jones, Ann (2009). Women Who Kill. New York: The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 9781558616523.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Smith, J.S. (1890). Hale, Edward Everett (ed.). Lend a Hand: A Record of Progress. Vol. 5. Boston: J. Stilman Smith & Co. p. 67.
- ^ a b "The Hanging of Abiel Converse" (PDF). Chester Historical Society. 1 (1): 2–3. March 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-15.
- ^ Bascom, Aaron (1788). A sermon, preached at the execution of Abiel Converse, who was executed at Northampton for the murder of her infant bastard child, July 6th, 1788. / By Aaron Bascom, A.M. Pastor of the church in Chester. Northampton, Massachusetts: William Butler.
- ^ Rogers, Alan (2008). Murder and the Death Penalty in Massachusetts (PDF). Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 39–63. ISBN 9781558496330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-06-21.
- ^ "Execution of D.H. Pearson for the Murder of His Wife and Twin Children". Boston Evening Transcript. 1850-07-26. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
- ^ a b "Gray Appeals Sentence to Electric Chair". Boston Globe. 1942-11-14. p. 16. Archived from the original on 2023-07-16. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ "Three Executed at Bridgewater; 'Letter' Probe Looms". Athol Daily News. 1943-06-25. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2023-07-16. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ "COMMONWEALTH vs. ROBERT HAYWARD GRAY". Justia. 1943-05-28. Archived from the original on 2023-07-17. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ "JUDICIAL CRUELTY". The Times-Picayune. 1837-07-04. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2023-06-12 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Judicial Vengeance". The Baltimore Sun. 1837-06-19. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2023-06-12 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "On Judicial Vengeance". The Baltimore Sun. 1837-06-27. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2023-06-12 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "We understand that Michael Monohan, the lad who was recently sentenced to be hung..." The Baltimore Sun. 1837-07-14. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2023-06-12 – via Newspapers.com.