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List of people executed in Florida (pre-1972)

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The following is a list of people executed by the U. S. state of Florida (or in Florida prior to statehood) before 1972, when capital punishment was briefly abolished by the Supreme Court's ruling in Furman v. Georgia. For people executed by Florida after capital punishment was restored by the Supreme Court's ruling in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), see List of people executed in Florida.[1][2]

Colonial period

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The following persons were executed under British rule (1763-1783):

  • Hannon, a white male, hanged in St. Augustine in 1769. Hannon, a mason, had killed his wife and child after she came to the city with his brother from New York but Hannon had become "familiar with another woman"; Hannon's brother forced him to acknowledge his marital status, however, after which he killed her.[3]
  • A male "cracker", presumably white, hanged in St. Augustine on January 16, 1769. He and a fellow "cracker" met the son of a Creek warrior named Nipke on the St. Johns River, killed him, and took his property. Governor Grant, upon learning of this, had both arrested and brought to St. Augustine, where both were tried and the one executed for the act to avoid "the bad consequences of such outrages".[4]
  • Charles Holmes and Innis Hooper, both white males, hanged in Pensacola in May 1774. Holmes and Hooper had robbed a boat on the Mississippi and killed its five crew (three Frenchmen and two blacks).[5]

Hanging (1822-1923)

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In 1822, the Legislative Council declared murder, rape, and arson to be capital crimes. During this period, executions were carried out by hanging locally in the county where the defendants were convicted. From 1847 to 1872, executions were required to be public, but were mostly moved to jail facilities afterwards. County sheriffs were also required to act as executioners.[6]

1822-1845

[edit]
Name Race Age Date of execution Location Crime Victim Governor
John Carral White January 27, 1826 Marianna, Jackson Murder Elvira Northrop, white[7] Duval
Benjamin Donica White June 20, 1827 Pensacola, Escambia[8] Murder Saunders Donoho, white[8]
Edward Sinclair White August 28, 1828 St. Augustine, St. Johns Murder John Stafford, white[9]
Andrew Crail White March 30, 1829 Pensacola, Escambia Murder Anne Walker, white[10][11]
Norman Sherwood White December 10, 1830 Key West, Monroe[12] Murder John Wilson, white[12]
Robert Breen White December 20, 1833 Pensacola, Escambia[13] Murder Peter Alba, white (mayor)[13][14]
Waters White December 19, 1835 Jacksonville, Duval Murder No information[15] Eaton
Samuel Right White June 12, 1837 St. Augustine, St. Johns Murder No information[16] Call
Henry Black December 28, 1838 Pensacola, Escambia Murder Dr. John Parker, white (owner)[17]
Lewis Black
Unknown White April 10, 1840 Pensacola, Escambia Mutiny N/A[18] Reid
James Grier White June 1, 1842 Newnansville, Alachua Murder No information[19] Call
Chandler Hastings White
Thomas Horan White March 1842 Tallahassee, Leon Murder No information[20]
George Everhart White June 16, 1843 St. Marks, Wakulla[21] Murder Female, white (wife)[21][22]

1845-1861

[edit]
  Female
No. Name Race Age Date of execution Location Crime Victim Governor
1 Alvin Flowers White October 2, 1846[23] Quincy, Gadsden[23] Murder-Mail Robbery[23] Male, white (mail driver)[23] Moseley
2 John Black White
3 Thomas Smith White
4 Unknown White
5 Unknown White
6 Charles Holeman White
7 Multiple unknowns White 1848 Tallahassee, Leon Slave Stealing No information[24]
8 Celia Black September 22, 1848 Jacksonville, Duval Murder[a] Jacob Bryan, white (owner)[25]
9 Thomas Holten White 18 December 1848 Jefferson County Murder Stafford, white[26]
10 Simon Black December 1848 Monticello, Jefferson[27] Murder No information[27]
11 Green Black December 1, 1848 Quincy, Gadsden Murder Andrew, black[28]
12 Arnold Black 1850 Blountstown, Calhoun Murder Widow Burgess, white (owner)[29] Brown
13 Redding Evans White 1850 Jefferson County Slave Stealing[30] Rose, black (lover)[30]
14 Abram Black June 11, 1852 Columbia County Murder No information[31]
15 Joe Black December 16, 1853 Calhoun County Murder No information[32] Broome
16 Simon Black October 1856 Alachua County Attempted Murder No information[33]
17 Jack Black December 12, 1856 Santa Rosa County Rape No information[34]
18 George Buckley White December 16, 1859 Tampa, Hillsborough Murder George Goodwin, white (father-in-law)[35] Perry
19 Allen Black 1860 Ocala, Marion Murder Dr. William Keitt, white[36]
20 Lewis Black February 1860 Ocala, Marion Murder Dr. William Keitt, white[37]
21 Ferdinand McGaskill White October 12, 1860 Pensacola, Escambia Murder George Young, possibly black[38][39]

Civil War

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The following hangings took place from January 10, 1861 to June 25, 1868, when Florida seceded to the Confederacy during the Civil War.

  Executions by shooting under military authority
No. Name Race Age Date of execution Location Crime Victim(s) Governor
22 John Ammons White 26 1861 or 1862 Cerrogordo, Holmes Murder Samuel McQuage, white[40] Milton
23 George Andrews White February 13, 1861 Sumter County Murder McHenry and Condray, both white[41]
24-25 Two unknowns Black May 15, 1861 Jacksonville, Duval Murder Richard Plumber, white[42]
26 James Thompson White February 7, 1864 Fernandina, Nassau Desertion N/A[43]
27 James Wilson White
28 Lloyd Cook ? February 18, 1864 Jacksonville, Duval ? No information[44]
29 Smith ?
30 Peter Goodrich ? February 27, 1864 Fernandina, Nassau ? No information[45]
31 Henry Miller White April 17, 1864 Jacksonville, Duval Desertion N/A[46]
32 Barney Gibbons ? August 12, 1864 Jacksonville, Duval ? No information[47]
33 Henry Hamilton Black 23 November 4, 1864 Key West, Monroe Mutiny N/A[48]
34 Darius Stokes Black December 16, 1864 Key West, Monroe Murder No information[49]
35 J. R. Brannon White March 25, 1865 Tallahassee, Leon Desertion-Sabotage N/A[50]
36 William Strickland White
37 Craig Allen Black December 1, 1865 Fernandina, Nassau Mutiny N/A[51] Allison
38 Joseph Grien Black
39 Thomas Plowder Black
40 Gabe Ziegler Black November 2, 1866 Quincy, Gadsden[52] Murder Jesse Dickson, white (Quincy city marshal)[52] Walker
41 Lewis Ziegler Black
42 Sam Ziegler Black
43 Old Booker[52] Black
44 Guilford Register White 18 April 19, 1867 Palatka, Putnam[53] Murder William Stevens, white (Putnam County sheriff)[54]

1868-1923

[edit]
No. Name Race Age Date of execution Location Crime Victim(s) Governor
45 Abraham King Black June 11, 1869[b] Madison, Madison Murder Jacob Davis, white[55] Reed
46 Turner Woods Black July 3, 1869 Madison, Madison Murder Jacob Davis, white[56]
47 John Freeman ? November 19, 1869 Santa Rosa County Murder Andrew Miller, race unknown[57]
48 William Scott White October 27, 1871[58] Jacksonville, Duval[59] Murder-Robbery Rosa Carlin and two young daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Fagan, all white[59]
49 Robert Brown ? May 17, 1872 Marion County Murder No information[60]
50 Moses Greene ?
51 Andrew Spright ?
52 Jason Jackson Black December 27, 1872 Fernandina, Nassau Murder Male, white[61]
53 Marshall Morris Black February 21, 1873 Jefferson County Murder John Jones, race unknown[62] Hart
54 Lemuel Hughes ? December 26, 1873 Hernando County Murder Dennis Mayo, race unknown[63]
55 William Keen White February 27, 1874 Jacksonville, Duval[64] Murder-Robbery William Valentine, white[64]
56 Jack Johnson Black March 26, 1875 Jacksonville, Duval Murder William Moses, white[65] Stearns
57 James Munroe Black May 14, 1875 Gainesville, Alachua[66] Murder Mrs. Smith, white[66]
58 Lloyd Brown Black February 4, 1876 Duval County Murder Elsie Brown, black (wife)[67]
59 James Rawls White March 1, 1878 Levy County Murder Thomas McNair, white[68] Drew
60 Samuel Godwin Black March 29, 1878 Live Oak, Suwannee Murder Male, black[69]
61 Samuel Johnson Black May 24, 1878 Escambia County Murder-Rape
62 Wiley Smith Black January 9, 1880 Hamilton County Murder Washington Jenkins, race unknown[70]
63 Mack Hendricks ? May 28, 1880 Madison County Murder Solomon Woodfield, race unknown[71]
64 Henry Stokes ? July 23, 1880 Orange County Murder Lovely Glisson, race unknown[72]
65 Andrew Fell Black 40 April 22, 1881 Monticello, Jefferson[73] Murder Mr. J. Whitaker, white[73] Bloxham
66 Benjamin Bird Black August 12, 1881 Duval County Murder Joe Nelson, black (policeman)[74]
67 Henry Metzgar[75] White[76] October 3, 1881[75] Titusville, Brevard[75] Murder Moore, white[77][c]
68 Merrick Johnson Black August 4, 1882 Fernandina, Nassau[78] Murder John Thomas, white[78]
69 Harrison Carter Black August 4, 1882 Jacksonville, Duval[78] Murder Lewis Adams, black[78]
70 William Bryan ? August 25, 1882 Madison, Madison ? No information[79]
71 John Lee Black May 4, 1883 Alachua County Murder C. P. Crockett, white[80]
72 Jose Recio[81] Black[d] June 13, 1884 Key West, Monroe[82] Murder Male, Hispanic[81][e]
73 Joe Williams ? December 19, 1884 Holmes County Murder No information[83]
74 Noah Taylor Black 24 January 2, 1885 Marion County Murder Jake Grambling, white (deputy sheriff)[84]
75 James Walker Black April 30, 1886 St. Augustine, St. Johns Murder Charles Harper, black[85] Perry
76 Joseph Drayton Black June 5, 1886 Orange County Murder Male, white (Kissimmee city marshal)[86]
77 Arthur Williams Black Murder-Rape
78 John Hardy Black 70 July 15, 1886 Gainesville, Alachua Murder Ned Brown, black[87]
79 Major Robinson Black July 31, 1886 Jacksonville, Duval Rape Female, race unknown[88]
80 Sherman Davis White August 12, 1886 Brooksville, Hernando Murder Solomon Taylor, white[89]
81 Enoch Carter Black March 12, 1887 Orlando, Orange Murder L. D. Beasley, white (police officer)[90]
82 Levy Peterson Black July 9, 1887 Ocala, Marion Murder-Robbery Reuben Stark, white[91]
83 Henry Wiggins Black 20 July 23, 1887 Palatka, Putnam[92] Murder W. P. Porter, white[93]
84 William Cooper ?[f] July 30, 1887 Key West, Monroe Murder Liverpool Bain and George Hudson, both black[94]
85 Jeff Lowe Black 23 February 28, 1888 Pensacola, Escambia Murder Henry Smith, white[95]
86 Alexander Jones Jr. Black April 28, 1888 Tallahassee, Leon Murder George Cuthbert, black[96][g]
87 George Pritchett Black June 23, 1888 Fernandina, Nassau Murder-Robbery Henry Fusher, 60, black[97]
88 Unknown ? 1889 Hernando County ? No information[98] Perry or Fleming
89 William Gaskins Black August 1, 1889 DeLand, Volusia[99] Murder Female, black (wife)[100] Fleming
90 Bill Westmoreland Black 25 August 15, 1889 Jacksonville, Duval[101] Murder Annie Westmoreland, black (wife)[101]
91 Rivers Love ? April 12, 1890 Madison County Murder Thomas Brawell, white[102]
92 Kelly Stewart Black July 31, 1890 Live Oak, Suwannee[103] Murder John Hawkins, white[103][104]
93 Napoleon White Black September 23, 1890 Tallahassee, Leon Murder No information[105]
94 Monroe Clark Black December 31, 1890 Putnam County Murder No information[106]
95 Richard White Black March 12, 1891 Tallahassee, Leon Murder George Hudson, race unknown[107]
96 Matt Armstead Black 19 May 5, 1891 Quincy, Gadsden Murder Charles Armstead, black (father)[108]
97 Daniel Killens Black January 21, 1892 Orlando, Orange Murder Margaret Welton, black[109]
98 Preston Nighton Black November 8, 1893 Milton, Santa Rosa Murder Alice Blake, black (mistress)[110] Mitchell
99 John Tharp Black December 20, 1893 Apalachicola, Franklin Murder George Knight, race unknown[111]
100 Ed Dalsy Black January 11, 1894 Ocala, Marion Murder Binnocker, white (deputy sheriff)[112]
101 Johnnie Williams Black January 25, 1894 Ocala, Marion Murder N. A. Chandler, white[113]
102 Jerry Olive White September 19, 1894 Marianna, Jackson Murder Molly Olive, white (wife)[114]
103 Alexander Simms Black July 9, 1895 Jacksonville, Duval Murder Ed Minor, white (policeman)[115]
104 Henry Brown Black July 17, 1895 Live Oak, Suwannee Murder Henry Ryberg, white[116]
105 George Mitchell Black August 2, 1895 Live Oak, Suwannee Murder Henry Ryberg, white[117]
106 Grant Griffin Black April 10, 1895 Gainesville, Alachua Murder William Tibbs, black[118]
107 Joseph Norton White September 3, 1895 Jasper, Hamilton Murder James Denmark, white[119]
108 Mike Stevens Black September 18, 1895 Live Oak, Suwannee[120] Murder Henry Ryberg, white[120]
109 William Lattimer Black/White[121] 20[121] January 13, 1897 Ocala, Marion[122] Murder Greenlee, white[121] Bloxham
110 Albert Gunn Black September 2, 1897 Inverness, Citrus[123] Murder Jeff Scott, black[124][125][h]
111 Robert Henry Black September 2, 1897 Jacksonville, Duval Murder Female, black (wife)[126]
112 Sylvanus Johnson Black September 13, 1897 Key West, Monroe[127] Rape Female, white[127]
113 Enoch Doyle Black September 16, 1897 Jacksonville, Duval Rape Priscilla Youmans, black[128]
114 General Hollens Black December 10, 1897 Green Cove Springs, Clay Murder Mary Hollens, black (wife)[129]
115 Harry Singleton Black January 8, 1898[130] Tampa, Hillsborough[130] Murder Jack McCormick, white (Tampa policeman)[130]
116 Richard James Black February 18, 1898 Gainesville, Alachua Murder Sallie James, black[131]
117 Edward Heinson Black July 6, 1898 Jacksonville, Duval Rape No information[132]
118 Babe Redford Black July 10, 1898 Bronson, Levy Murder Henry Hayes, black[133]
119 Jonah Green Black January 11, 1899 Milton, Santa Rosa Murder Sally Brown, black[134]
120 George Canty ? March 17, 1899 Tallahassee, Leon Murder Jack Holloway, race unknown[135]
121 Sherman Copeland Black November 9, 1899 Orlando, Orange Murder Mary Cook, 22, black[136]
122 Wayman King Black 38 March 9, 1900 Pensacola, Escambia[137] Murder Victoria Watkins, white[138]
123 Frank Williams Black July 13, 1900 Apalachicola, Franklin Murder Bryant Denham, black[139]
124 Will Wright Black August 10, 1900 Tallahassee, Leon Murder No information[140]
125 William McIver ? August 17, 1900 Wakulla County Murder Randolph Connors, race unknown[141]
126 Pressley Callahan Black October 12, 1900 Citrus County Murder William Everett, race unknown[142]
127 Joseph Henderson Black 17 March 29, 1901 Titusville, Brevard Murder C. Burke, white[143] Jennings
128 John Simmons Black July 5, 1901 Vernon, Washington[144] Murder Jeff Davis, black[144]
129 Belton Hamilton Black
130 Jim Harrison Black
131 William Williams Black
132 James Faison Black July 5, 1901 Dade County Murder John Saddlers, black[145]
133 James Kirby Black[146] August 2, 1901 St. Augustine, St. Johns[146] Murder Julius Eskew, white[146]
134 Robert Lee Black[146] Accessory to Murder
135 James Mercer White August 23, 1901 Tampa, Hillsborough[147] Rape Jessie Taylor, 9, white[148]
136 Will Jones Black November 8, 1901 Madison, Madison[149] Murder Three persons, one white and two race unknown[149]
137 T. J. Hampton Black December 6, 1901 Lake City, Columbia[150] Murder Sessom Calhoun and John Bell, both white[151][i]
138 Hampton Wynn Black January 24, 1902 Marianna, Jackson[152] Murder-Robbery[152] Male, black[152]
139 Henry Wilson Black April 4, 1902 Sumterville, Sumter[153] Murder Lee Graham, 21, white[153]
140 Moses Roberson Black April 4, 1902 Jacksonville, Duval[154] Murder Dennis Jenkins, black (deputy sheriff)[154]
141 Frank Richardson Black July 18, 1902 Green Cove Springs, Clay Rape Female, black[155]
142 Walter Lanier ? August 1, 1902 Quincy, Gadsden Murder Lizzie Bell, race unknown[156]
143 Thomas Faircloth White September 30, 1902 Bronson, Levy[157] Murder Mr. and Mrs. L. B. Lewis, both white[157]
144 Theodore Smith White
145 Richard Dedwilly White March 13, 1903 Miami, Dade Rape Sarah Gould, white[158]
146 David Gamble ? April 3, 1903 Dade County Murder David Burr, race unknown[159]
147 John Bright White April 10, 1903 Miami, Dade Murder Lottie Hardeman, white[160]
148 William Kelly Black April 10, 1903 Miami, Dade Murder Richard Hone, white[161]
149 John Brown Black April 23, 1903 Fernandina, Nassau[162] Murder Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson, both white[162]
150 Frank Robertson Black August 7, 1903 Duval County Murder Sadler, white (deputy sheriff)[163]
151 Robert Outley ? September 4, 1903 Citrus County Murder Barbery Outley, race unknown (wife)[164]
152 Jim Polight Black September 11, 1903 Ocala, Marion Murder D. J. Beasley, white[165]
153 Charlie Miller Black March 4, 1904 Monticello, Jefferson Murder Jerry Poppell, 28, white (constable)[166]
154 Fred Ewert White 19 August 6, 1904 Key West, Monroe[167] Murder-Robbery Frank Whitaker, white[167]
155 Hampton Lee Black May 21, 1904 Lake City, Columbia Murder Female, black (wife)[168]
156 Fred Cook Black July 21, 1905 Ocala, Marion Murder Isaiah Pitts, white[169] Broward
157 Reuben Reed Black July 21, 1905 Green Cove Springs, Clay[170] Murder Male, black[170][j]
158 Edward Lamb White October 27, 1905 Bradentown, Manatee[171] Murder Christopher Kennedy, white[171]
159 Tom Spires ? October 27, 1905 Marianna, Jackson Rape Florence Pope, race unknown[172]
160 Sam Edwards Black November 3, 1905 Tallahassee, Leon[173] Murder N. W. Eppes, white (County superintendent of Public Instruction)[173]
161 Andrew Jackson ? February 9, 1906 St. Johns County Murder Alice Jackson, race unknown[174]
162 Howard Sanford ? February 9, 1906 Wakulla County Murder No information[175]
163 Nelson Larkins Black April 12, 1906 Jacksonville, Duval Murder N. W. Eppes, white (County superintendent of Public Instruction)[176][k]
164 Edward Brown Black June 5, 1906 Miami, Dade Murder Dora Suggs, 29, white[177]
165 John Faison ? June 5, 1906 Liberty County Murder Herbert Johnson, race unknown[178]
166 Charles Walker Black June 5, 1906 Fernandina, Nassau Murder Alex Eubanks, race unknown[179]
167 Albert Simmons Black 19 June 26, 1906 Arcadia, DeSoto[180] Murder Sallie Simmons and her two sons, 4 and 2 (sons), all black (aunt and cousins)[181]
168 M. Thomas Black February 19, 1907 Orange County Murder Elijah Sargent, black[182]
169 Jasper Edwards White February 27, 1907 Fort Myers, Lee Murder Robert Carson, 24, white[183]
170 Ed Suber Black 28 June 14, 1907 Bradentown, Manatee Murder A. Corey, black (uncle)[184]
171 Nathan Woodall Black 21 June 14, 1907 Milton, Santa Rosa Murder Walter Nowelling, white[185]
172 Alfred Sargent Black June 15, 1907 Jacksonville, Duval[186] Murder-Robbery John Skeels, race unknown[186]
173 Ben Cooper Black August 30, 1907 Hernando County Murder Robert Ellison, white[187]
174 George Mitchell Black
175 Walter Tyson Black
176 Will Collier Black Murder J. B. Garrison, white[188]
177 Kett Holt Black September 27, 1907 Milton, Santa Rosa[189] Murder No information[189]
178 Dock Mack Black November 8, 1907 Jacksonville, Duval Rape Female, white[190]
179 Joe Brown Black December 13, 1907 Fernandina, Nassau Murder Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson, both white[191]
180 Charles Powell Black February 28, 1908 St. Augustine, St. Johns ? No information[192]
181 W. N. Smith ? February 28, 1908 Clay County Murder Julia Dunson, race unknown[193]
182 George Washington Black 20 April 3, 1908 Tampa, Hillsborough Murder Eugene Gurley, black[194]
183 Charley Robinson ? July 31, 1908 Quincy, Gadsden Murder Martha Robinson, race unknown[195]
184 Jesse Willis Black April 16, 1909 Orlando, Orange Murder William Hammock, white[196] Gilchrist
185 Mose Daniels ? May 14, 1909 Walton County Murder Jesse Jones, race unknown[197]
186 Will McFadden Black May 21, 1909 Titusville, Brevard[198] Rape Mrs. D. M. Walters, white[198]
187 John Amonds ? May 28, 1909 Citrus County Murder Lilla Nattiel, race unknown[199]
188 Walter Ledbetter Black June 4, 1909 Jacksonville, Duval[200] Murder-Robbery Eliza and Emily Norman, both white[200]
189 Otis Smith White 32 June 11, 1909 Jacksonville, Duval[201] Murder Cora Bell Smith, white (sister)[201]
190 George Hawkins Black July 2, 1909 St. Augustine, St. Johns[202] Murder Charles Joseph, white[202]
191 Aaron Williams Black July 9, 1909 St. Lucie County Murder James Patterson, black[203]
192 Albert Smith Black August 10, 1909 Ocala, Marion[204] Murder Parson Draft, black[204]
193 Luke Thomas Black January 14, 1910 Fernandina, Nassau Murder Mack Austin, black[205]
194 R. H. Owens[206] White January 14, 1910 Gainesville, Alachua[206] Murder R. L. Smith, white[206][l]
195 Roland Flowers Black March 4, 1910 Tampa, Hillsborough[207] Rape Jane Ellerbee, 50-60, white[207]
196 Duke Thomas Black March 11, 1910 Marianna, Jackson Murder C. W. Wilson, race unknown[208]
197 Robert Dekle ? March 18, 1910 Polk County Murder Archie Warren, race unknown[209]
198 Irving Hanchett White 15 May 6, 1910 DeLand, Volusia[210] Murder Clevie Tedder, 13, white (female)[211]
199 George Fields Black June 25, 1910 West Palm Beach, Palm Beach[212] Murder A. L. Savage, white[212]
200 Edward Sims ? June 30, 1910 Polk County Murder Martin Redd, race unknown[213]
201 Brooks Foley Black July 29, 1910 Gainesville, Alachua[214] Rape Female, black[214][215]
202 Lawrence Dargan Black August 19, 1910 Putnam County Murder Female, black (wife)[216]
203 Derry Taft Black 27 October 18, 1910[217] Tampa, Hillsborough[218] Murder Female, black (wife)[218]
204 James Green Black January 27, 1911 Jacksonville, Duval[219] Murder Edward Scriven, black[219]
205 Joe Curry ? January 31, 1911 Monticello, Jefferson Murder Jim Horton, race unknown[220]
206 Letten Parker Black April 30, 1911 St. Augustine, St. Johns Murder No information[221]
207 William Walker Black July 14, 1911 Jacksonville, Duval[222] Murder Solomon Osterman, white[222]
208 Edgar Youmans Black December 1, 1911 Palatka, Putnam[223] Murder Walter Polite, black[224][223]
209 Will McCoy Black Murder Arnita Faison, black[224][223]
210 Dave Turner Black/Native[225] February 16, 1912 Ocala, Marion[225] Murder Female, black[225]
211 Henry Richards Black February 16, 1912 Volusia County Murder
212 Silas Burney ? April 26, 1912 Taylor County Murder J. J. Rouse, race unknown[226]
213 Will Alexander White 24 May 3, 1912 Jacksonville, Duval[227] Murder Jack Sumner, white[227]
214 Henry Horee ? May 10, 1912 Perry, Taylor[228] ? No information[228]
215 Tom White Black May 31, 1912 St. Augustine, St. Johns[229] Murder Simon Silverstein, white[229][m]
216 Eugene Baxter Black
217 Steve Johnson Black Murder George Williams, black[230][n]
218 Abe Middleton Black June 7, 1912 Green Cove Springs, Clay Murder Robert West, white[231]
219 George Watkins ? September 6, 1912 St. Lucie County Rape No information[232]
220 Fortune Perry Black September 27, 1912[233] Gainesville, Alachua[233] Murder Charles Slaughter, white (Deputy sheriff)[233][o]
221 Caine Perry Black
222 Robert Anderson Black 29 November 23, 1912 Tampa, Hillsborough[234] Murder Maria Rodriquez, white[234][235][p]
223 Walter Kirby ? January 22, 1913 Bartow, Polk Rape Llewella Ellen Tuner, white[236][q] Trammell
224 J. J. Johnson Black January 25, 1913 Ocala, Marion Rape Female, white[237]
225 Jake Williams Black April 4, 1913 Tavares, Lake[238] Murder C. C. Line, white[238]
226 Tom Bush Black May 21, 1913 Pasco County Murder Hoyt Houston and wife, both black[239]
227 Hersey Mitchell Black July 23, 1913 Bradford County Murder
228 Sam Hurd Black January 30, 1914 Gainesville, Alachua Murder W. H. Mahaffey, black[240]
229 Tom Williams Black February 6, 1914 Palatka, Putnam Murder-Rape Vallie Moore, 14, black (stepdaughter)[241]
230 Bennie Henson White March 13, 1914 Tampa, Hillsborough[242] Murder Female, white (wife)[242]
231 Clarence Daly White April 10, 1914 Miami, Dade[243] Rape Female, 80, white[243][r]
232 Joseph Brown Black July 3, 1914 Miami, Dade Murder Charles Standford, black[244]
233 Lonnie Rowland Black 26 January 22, 1915 Jacksonville, Duval[245] Murder Napoleon Hagan, white (policeman)[245]
234 Wilson Reeves Black February 5, 1915 Brevard County Murder Estella Lapine, race unknown[246]
235 Jesse Hill Black February 12, 1915 Brevard County Rape Alice Naydo, 59, white[247]
236 Clyde Stover Black June 12, 1915 Palatka, Putnam[248] Murder Horace and Alonso Gardner, both white[249]
237 Shelby Wise Black July 2, 1915 West Palm Beach, Palm Beach Murder Claude Brown, 26, white[250]
238 John Wade Black August 13, 1915 Tampa, Hillsborough[251] Rape Female, white[251]
239 Ed Maddox Black August 20, 1915 Pensacola, Escambia[252] Murder Charles Crooks, white[252]
240 Emmett Thomas Black 30+[252][s] Murder Female, black (wife)[252]
241 Ebenezer Tobin Black 44[253] October 22, 1915[254] Clearwater, Pinellas[253] Murder Edward Sherman, 55, white[254]
242 Dock McDonald Black December 3, 1915 Quincy, Gadsden Murder J. B. Bush, white (deputy sheriff)[255]
243 Pearl White ? December 31, 1915 Bradford County Murder Clara Simmons, race unknown[256]
244 Zack Colson Black May 19, 1916 Perry, Taylor Murder-Robbery J. H. Sheppard, white[257]
245 Arthur Jones Black
246 Charles Haynes Black 60 September 1, 1916 Tampa, Hillsborough[258] Murder Joseph Walker, white (Port Tampa police marshal)[258][t]
247 Walter Durham ? September 8, 1916 Hamilton County Murder Rayford Royals, race unknown[259]
248 Will Turner Black October 20, 1916[260] Gainesville, Alachua[260] Murder C. F. Avery, white[260]
249 William Miles Black July 11, 1917 Bradenton, Manatee Murder Mrs. W. S. and Annie Edith Palmer, 6 months (Annie), both white[261] Catts
250 Clarence McKinney Black December 7, 1917 Miami, Dade Murder Rev. James Bolton, 76, white[262]
251 Edgar London ? January 4, 1918 Pasco County Murder Alberta London, race unknown (wife)[263]
252 Ed Mimbs White May 31, 1918 Polk County Murder-Robbery Allan Bouie, white[264]
253 George Barrington Black June 14, 1918 Quincy, Gadsden Murder J. M. Freeman, white (deputy sheriff)[265]
254 Dave Miller Black August 16, 1918 DeSoto County Murder Isam Smith, black[266][u]
255 James Rice Black 25 August 9, 1919 Ocala, Marion Murder Joe Loy, Asian[267]
256 Charlie Davis Black September 19, 1919 Quincy, Gadsden Murder Forehand, white (sheriff)[268]
257 Claude Howell Black 34 October 17, 1919 Jacksonville, Duval Murder Charles Turknetton, white (police officer)[269]
258 Henry Bradley Black Murder Charles Carroll, white[270]
259 John Smallwood Black December 5, 1919 Quincy, Gadsden Murder Bessie Smallwood, black (wife)[271]
260 John Cason Black January 2, 1920 Bronson, Levy Murder Isabelle Cason, black (wife)[272]
261 Robert Blackwell White July 23, 1920 Crestview, Okaloosa[273] Murder-Robbery Bud and Nancy Davis, both white[274]
262 Hosie Poole Black July 30, 1920 Pensacola, Escambia[275] Murder Albert Poole, black (brother)[275]
263 Tom Brown Black May 20, 1921 Tampa, Hillsborough[276] Murder-Robbery Albert Chambers, 28, white[276] Hardee
264 John Wilson ? June 17, 1921 Orlando, Orange Murder Emma Dyall, race unknown[277]
265 Putnam Ponsell White September 23, 1921 Crestview, Okaloosa[278] Murder-Robbery John Tuggle, white[278]
266 Jake Martin White
270 John Bowyer Black 23 February 24, 1922 Gainesville, Alachua Murder Robert Arnow, white (deputy sheriff)[279]
271 Eugene Payne ? January 12, 1923 Calhoun County Murder Primus Blakely, race unknown[280]
272 Percy Bayliss Black March 30, 1923 Sanford, Seminole Murder Cleve Jacobs, white (Seminole County deputy)[281]
273 Nealey Augusta White April 27, 1923 DeLand, Volusia Murder Alberta Augusta, white (wife)[282][v]
274 Arthur Johnson Black July 27, 1923 Gainesville, Alachua[283] Murder H. C. Cross, white[283]
275 Lawrence Revels White November 23, 1923 Tavares, Lake[284] Murder A female and a male, both white (wife and relative)[285][286][284][w]

Electrocution (1924-1972)

[edit]

In 1923, the state legislature passed a new laws switching the official execution method from hanging to electrocution. This new method required executions to be moved from local jails to a permanent execution chamber in state prison facilities. Despite an early challenge in July 1929 by the circuit court of Union County over the prison superintendent being named a secondary executioner (as he was not elected or appointed), the electrocution law was held up by the state supreme court in November 1930.[287] Sheriffs were still required to perform as primary executioners during this period until 1941, when a new law designated the state prison's first assistant engineer as the executioner.[6]

Although hanging had been abolished as an execution method, two more executions by hanging would occur during this period:

  • Charlie Browne, a white male, was hanged at DeLand, Volusia for the murder of Howard Usher (also white) on April 18, 1927. Convicted in 1922 when hanging was still sole method of execution; Browne appealed his conviction after the introduction of the electrocution law and state court decided he would still be hanged.[288]
  • James Alderman, a 50-year-old white male, was hanged under the martial authority of the Coast Guard in Broward County for shooting two persons on August 17, 1929.[1]
No. Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
1 Frank Johnson Black January 7, 1924 Duval Murder-Burglary Atley Terrell, white[289] Hardee
2 J. C. Coachman Black May 6, 1925 Manatee Rape[290][x] Irene Fostick, 7, black[291] Martin
3 Will Champion Black January 28, 1926 Duval Murder Ethel Champion, black (wife)[292]
4 Roy Dunwood Black May 12, 1926 Duval Murder-Robbery William Meade, white[293]
5 John Simmons Black May 18, 1926 Duval Rape Female, white[294]
6 Harry Scrimm White 48 May 25, 1926 Dade Rape Harriett Melton, 3, white[295]
7 Phillip Taylor Black October 28, 1926[296] Dade Murder Mildred Taylor, black (wife)[297]
8 Willie Green Black November 23, 1926 Dade Murder-Robbery George Attam, black[298]
9 Arthur Williams Black 36 December 11, 1926 Dade Murder-Robbery George Attam, black[298]
10 Lloyd Salter Black 28[299][y] March 1, 1927 Duval Murder-Robbery Altafar Rahman, Turkish[300]
11 Raymond Stone Black 26[299][z] March 8, 1927 Duval Murder-Robbery Altafar Rahman, Turkish[300]
12 Rufus Chesser White 20 March 23, 1927 Clay Murder Lawrence Dilaberry and Sally Boyles, both white (brother-in-law and love interest)[301]
13 Earl London Black April 7, 1927 Polk Murder John Edward Harrelson, white (Polk County deputy sheriff)[302]
14 Fortune Ferguson Black 22[303] April 27, 1927 Alachua Rape Louise Patterson, 8 or 9, white[303][304][305]
15 Benjamin Levins White 38 November 22, 1927 Hillsborough Murder Merrell family (five persons), all white[aa]
16 Louis Thomas White November 29, 1927 Pinellas Murder H. E. Blewfield, white (Tarpon Springs policeman)[306]
17 Thomas Costello White 31 December 13, 1927 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Antonio Regueria, white[307]
18 William Henderson White December 21, 1927 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Antonio Regueria, white[307]
19 Robert Pittman Black 26 June 13, 1928 Seminole Murder L. P. Hilton, white[308]
20 William Vaughn Black August 28, 1928 Duval Murder Bell Chapman, white (male)[309]
21 Melvin Johnson Black 26 September 4, 1928 Dade Rape Female, white[310]
22 Paul Crumpler Black 29 September 18, 1928 Hillsborough Rape Female, white[311]
23 James Turner Black 27 September 25, 1928 Calhoun Murder Kid Terrell, black[312][313]
24 George Davis Black 25 October 9, 1928 Putnam Murder-Robbery Field George, white[314]
25 Herbert Harvey Black 21 October 23, 1928 Baker Murder Erasmus and Emma Reich, both white[315][316][317]
26 Roosevelt Kirkland Black October 30, 1928 Baker Murder Erasmus and Emma Reich, both white[315][316][317]
27 Boss Funderburk Black March 19, 1930 Franklin Murder Scott, white (Apalachicola policeman)[318] Carlton
28 Clayton Bell Black 26 January 27, 1931 Volusia Murder P. D. Edmunds, white[319]
29 T. Southworth White 27 February 12, 1931 Palm Beach Murder-Robbery Horace Wells, white[320]
30 Nathan Burton White 24 February 24, 1931 Alachua Murder Ellen Burton, 19, white (wife)[321]
31 Robert McQuagge White 27 May 27, 1931 Jackson Murder Sennie Tayton, 45, white (mother-in-law)[322]
32 John Graham Black June 18, 1931 Marion Rape Female, 14, white[6]
33 Henry Johnson Black June 24, 1931 Lake Murder-Robbery Anna Lawrence, white (Cassia postmaster)[323]
34 Jim Collins Black November 12, 1931 Dade Rape-Robbery Vida Tabler, 10 or older, white[324][325]
35 Lee Jacobs Black 22 March 26, 1932 Marion Rape White, female[326]
36 Giuseppe Zangara White 33 March 20, 1933 Dade Murder Anton Cermak, 59, white Sholtz
37 Elvin Jeffcoat White 40 March 24, 1933 Pinellas Murder Fannie Jeffcoat, white (wife)[327]
38 Norman Heidt White 26 July 10, 1933 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Joe Johnson, white[328]
39 Louis Leavine White 33
40 Victor Palmer White 26
41 Walter Williams Black 31 January 8, 1934 Dade Rape Laura Brawn, 54, white[329][330][331][ab]
42 Fred Anderson Black 24 January 22, 1935 Duval Murder-Robbery Carl Schuman, 23, white[332]
43 Thomas Jefferson Black 23
44 George Robinson Black 46 February 25, 1935 Seminole Rape Female, black[333][334]
45 Herman Smith White 36 April 5, 1935 Orange Murder Jeneral Casteel, 54, white[335]
46 Martin Jarvis White 36 April 11, 1935 Sarasota Murder Bertie Clements and Lacy Dyal, both white[336]
47 Monroe Hasty Black 17 September 16, 1935 Volusia Murder Helena Loucakis, white[337]
48 Lonnie Green Black 32 January 7, 1936 Bradford Murder Female, 8, black[333][338]
49 Ed Bradley White 57 June 29, 1936 Santa Rosa Murder-Robbery Andrew Nall, white[339]
50 George Dixon Black 27 August 24, 1936 Seminole Murder-Robbery Charlie Farmer, black[340]
51 Lee Clark Black 30 October 19, 1936[341] Escambia Murder Female, black (wife)[341]
52 L. D. Padgett White 28 Santa Rosa Murder Daisy Padgett, white (wife)[342]
53 James Milligan White 24 Dade Murder-Robbery Frank Palmer, white[343]
54 Clarence Casey White 23
55 Rufus Johnson Black 20 October 26, 1936[344] Seminole Murder Sydney Lanier, black[344][345]
56 George Scroggins Black 41 Dade Murder Male, black[346]
57 James Walker Black 30 December 14, 1936 Pinellas Murder-Robbery Joseph Yasmin, Syrian[347]
58 Richard Williams Black 32
59 Willie Walker Black 33 April 23, 1937[348] Nassau Rape Female, 37, white[348] Cone
60 Simee Fields Black 21 May 10, 1937 Hillsborough Murder Willie Mae Spann, black (common-law wife)[349][350][351]
61 Marcus Powell White 50 July 12, 1937 Duval Murder Katharine Speer, white (wife)[352][ac]
62 Walter Williams Black 38 July 19, 1937 Duval Murder-Robbery Joe Johnson, black[353][ad]
63 Preston McDonald Black 28
64 Robert Hinds Black 17 July 23, 1937 Leon Rape Female, white[354][ae]
65 Orson Williams Black 28 June 20, 1938 Hillsborough Murder Leroy Horton, black[355][356]
66 Willie Randolph Black 34 July 5, 1938 Duval Murder-Robbery James Riddle, 52, white[357]
67 Paul Bunge White 53 February 2, 1939 Hillsborough Murder Marie, Edith, and Nina Bunge, 47, 9, and 6, all white (wife and children)[358][359]
68 Franklin McCall White 21 February 24, 1939 Dade Murder-Kidnap James Cash Jr., 5, white
69 Johnny Smith Black 30 May 12, 1939 Indian River Murder-Robbery Sam Jones, black[360]
70 Harvey McGraw White 20 September 4, 1939 Santa Rosa Murder-Robbery-Kidnap Clifford Mann and Charles Wilkinson, both white[361]
71 Clarence Parker Black 29 June 5, 1940 Gilchrist Murder J. T. Owens, white[362]
72 Herbert Goddard White 29 July 29, 1940 Palm Beach Murder-Rape Frances Dunn, 17, white[363]
73 Ivory Williams Black 18 November 11, 1940 Alachua Murder-Rape Mrs. Cecil Hodge, white[364]
74 Mack Ranson Black 34 January 27, 1941 Duval Murder John Ranson, black (son)[365][af] Holland
75 Paul Mardorf White 50 Dade Murder Ethel Mardorf, white (wife)[365][366]
76 Richard Smith Black 48 April 15, 1941[333] Brevard Murder Willie Frazier, black[367][368]
77 Frizell McLaren Black 34 October 6, 1941 Dade Murder H. C. Barton, 38, white (Coral Gables police sergeant)[369]
78 Charlie Henderson Black 34 Orange Murder-Robbery W. Ray Smith, white[370]
79 Wilburn Crews White 36 Duval Murder Ollie Mae Crews, 26, white (estranged wife)[371][372]
80 Dan Ormond White 52 Jackson Murder Henry Bradley, 60, white[373]
81 Willie Clay Black 16 December 29, 1941 Duval Murder-Robbery Mary Curtis, 59, white[374]
82 Edward Powell Black 16
83 Nathaniel Walker Black 17
84 George Newsome Black 29 March 2, 1942 Leon Murder-Robbery Marie Lummus, 41, white[375]
85 Walter Roberson Black 42 March 23, 1942 Dixie Murder Female, black (wife)[376]
86 Jicy Crawford Black 28 Duval Murder Bronson Sweatt, 32, black[377][378]
87 Angie Ciangetti White 50 Volusia Murder Anna Henson, white[379]
88 Worth Roberson White 22 Gilchrist Murder-Robbery Annice Roberts, white[380]
89 John Stanton White 44 May 18, 1942 Dade Murder-Robbery Fred Knust, 64, white[381]
90 James Baker Black 32 June 15, 1942 Duval Murder-Robbery Mayme Surrency, white[382]
91 Clyde Hysler White 23
92 Byrd Hudgins White 23 July 20, 1942 Dade Murder L. P. Daniel, white (State Highway patrolman)[383]
93 Willie Williams Black 27 Taylor Murder Lonnie Fowler, white[384]
94 Ernest Robinson Black 20 August 17, 1942 Duval Murder-Robbery Angus Wakefield, 58, white[385]
95 Forrest Saylor Black 35 January 18, 1943 Pinellas Murder Marie Saylor, black (wife)[386]
96 Vincent Christy White 38 March 1, 1943 Dade Murder Irving, Esther, Stephen Leopold, and Ralph Morin Jr., 37, 32, 6, and 19, all white[387]
97 Cornelius Parker Black 24 October 4, 1943[388] Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Vernon Long, white[388]
98 James Young Black 32 October 25, 1943[389] Hillsborough Rape Female, white[389]
99 Ruffie Lundon Black 44 Alachua Murder James Robinson, black[389]
100 George James Black 54 October 29, 1943[390] Polk Murder Wilmon Green, black[390]
101 Perry Acree White 43 November 22, 1943 Levy Murder-Robbery K. D. Shores, white[391]
102 Edgar Flowers Black 21 June 26, 1944 Hillsborough Rape Female, white[392]
103 Earl Thompson White 33 August 19, 1944 Duval Murder Joe Henry, 43, white[393]
104 Edward Thompson White 25
105 James Davis Black 16 October 9, 1944 Alachua Rape Female, 22, white[394]
106 Freddie Lane Black 18
107 James Williams Black 25
108 Tom Mix Black 37 December 28, 1944 Citrus Murder Female, black (wife)[395]
109 Henry Sparks Black 33 January 15, 1945 Palm Beach Rape Female, white[396][397] Caldwell
110 Albert Green Black 28 February 12, 1945 Lake Murder Jesse Beerbower, white (Lake County police officer)[398]
111 William Anderson Black 23 July 25, 1945 Broward Rape Female, white[399]
112 Pleas Dixon Black 31 October 29, 1945[400] Holmes Murder Stevie Pennington, 51, white[400]
113 Ernest Warren Black 29 Dade Rape Jean Lane, 16, white[401]
114 George Sullivan White 37 January 14, 1946[402] Marion Murder Francis Newman, white[402]
115 Charlie Holloway Black 30 Pinellas Murder Female, black (wife)[402]
116 James Reed Black 28 Dade Rape Female, white[402]
117 Eddie Lewis Black 52 April 22, 1946 Brevard Murder Ed Roundtree, black[403][404]
118 Jacob Webb Black 26 September 30, 1946 Broward Rape Female, white[405]
119 Wilbur Patterson White 24 March 17, 1947 Volusia Murder Harry Raines, white (undercover officer)[406]
120 Lewis Green Black 19 April 21, 1947 Dade Rape Myrna Whiten, 9, white[407]
121 Leroy Henderson Black 36 June 16, 1947 Palm Beach Murder Fletcher Smith, black[408]
122 Tom Melton Black 32 August 4, 1947 Duval Rape Female, white[409]
123 Joe Ferguson Black 42 Broward Rape Eunice James, white[410][411]
124 James Maxwell Black 31
125 Reuben Harper Black 30 January 5, 1948 Columbia Rape Female, white[412][413]
126 Alexander Wiles White 41 June 14, 1948 Duval Murder Ellis Van Dyal, white (Jacksonville policeman)[414]
127 Alonzo Washington Jr. Black 25 August 23, 1948 Duval Murder Mrs. Fred W. Lewis, white[415]
128 Alphonso Edmond Black 35 September 6, 1948 Dade Rape Female, white[416][417]
129 Ernest Harper Black 30 Polk Murder Thomas Smith, white[416]
130 David Watson Black 23 September 15, 1948 Federal Murder Benjamin Hobbs, 19, white[418]
131 Lonnie Talley Black 25 October 5, 1948[419] Duval Rape Female, white[419] Warren
132 Lacy Stewart Black 17 October 25, 1948[420] St. Lucie Murder-Robbery Erich Spiller, 64, white[420]
133 Felix Combs Black 23 January 24, 1949 Pinellas Rape-Robbery Dolores Young and another female, both white[421]
134 Aaron Quince Black 22 February 7, 1949 Volusia Murder-Rape Lena Carter Sparkman, white[422]
135 Arthur Berry White 23 April 4, 1949 Pasco Murder-Rape Willie Mae Benton, 14, white[423]
136 Flem Griffis White 30 August 8, 1949 Nassau Murder John Calvin Graham, white (ex-wife's brother)[424][ag]
137 Henry Tillman White 51 June 5, 1950 Duval Murder Frank Wood, white[425]
138 George Wolfork Jr. Black 28 January 8, 1951 Bradford Murder-Robbery Dave Silcox, white[426]
139 L. D. Robinson Black 46
140 Walter McDonald Black 21
141 R. Charles Gifford White 72 February 21, 1951 Pinellas Murder Charles Schuh, white (State house leader)[427]
142 Jessie Hilton Black 33 June 4, 1951 Volusia Murder-Rape Bertha Turner, white[428]
143 John Washington Jr. Black 25 Murder-Robbery William Bostic, 65, black[429][430]
144 James Felton Black 25 August 6, 1951 Lake Murder Lee Cossett, black[431]
145 Willie London Black 42
146 Coy McCann Black 48 April 7, 1952 Manatee Murder Katie Pompey, black (common-law wife)[432]
147 Saul James Black 28 April 21, 1952 Hillsborough Rape Female, white[433]
148 Merlin Leiby White 25 June 30, 1952 Collier Murder-Robbery Leonard Applebaum, 26, white[434]
149 George Story White 52 September 8, 1952 Duval Murder Thomas St. John, white (ex-wife's husband)[435][ah]
159 Jimmie Brown Black 30 July 6, 1953 Duval Murder-Robbery John Rogers, white[436] McCarty
160 Ed Brooks Black 61 September 7, 1953 Franklin Murder J. M. Hicks, white[437]
161 George Bailey Black 36 January 4, 1954 Leon Murder-Robbery D. B. Pert, white[438] Johns
162 James Henderson Black 47
163 Avon North White 37 Polk Murder Betty Albritton, white[439]
164 Orion Johnson Black 19 September 28, 1954 Alachua Murder Edward Porter, white (Marion County sheriff)[440]
165 Tanner Brock White 57 Columbia Murder Tommy Brock, 5, white (son)[440]
166 Abraham Beard Black 18 November 8, 1954 Leon Rape Female, 52, white[441][442]
167 Leroy Williams Black 37 Palm Beach Murder Charles Summerlin, white[443]
168 John McVeigh White 34 April 18, 1955 Duval Murder Robert Tucker, white (Jacksonville traffic officer)[444] Collins
169 Louis Gillard Black 54 August 29, 1955 Hillsborough Murder Turney McCromley, black[445][446]
170 Chester Dyer White 20 October 31, 1955[447] Sarasota Murder-Robbery R. H. Jones, 68, white[448]
171 Samuel Hornbeck White 38 December 12, 1955 Duval Murder Thomas Robinson, white (Jacksonville police officer)[449]
172 Herman Barwicks Black 28 February 20, 1956 Polk Murder Beatrice McNeal, black (common-law wife)[450]
173 Percy Armbrister Black 25 Dade Murder Edward Fritz Jr., 23, white (Miami police officer)[451]
174 George Anderson Black 32
175 Charlie Copeland Jr. Black 24 April 28, 1956 Duval Rape Female, 13, white[452]
176 Edgar Lavoie White 55 August 20, 1956 Putnam Murder Sandra Brennan, 19, white (step-daughter)[453][ai]
177 Moses Dunmore Black 21 October 1, 1956[454] Alachua Rape Clara Sauls, white[455][456]
178 Robert Colson Black 25
179 Joseph Ezzell White 42 January 21, 1957 Duval Murder-Robbery Margaret Baynard, white[457]
180 William Raulerson White 49 July 15, 1957 Columbia Murder John O'Neal, white[458]
181 Roosevelt Rhone Black 33 September 30, 1957 Marion Murder Starreatha Rhone, 20, black (wife)[459][460]
182 Bozzie Nelson Black 45 May 26, 1958 Palm Beach Murder Sara Campbell, race unknown[461]
183 George Everett White 23 June 13, 1958 Bay Murder-Rape Lou Ellen Jones, 21, white[462]
184 Harry Long White 35 September 29, 1958 Duval Murder-Robbery Thomas Coleman Sr., white[463]
185 Willie Horne Black 25 January 12, 1959 Duval Rape Female, 48, white[464]
186 Jimmie Thomas Black 35 January 19, 1959 Duval Rape Female, 36, white[465]
187 Dallas Withers White 38 February 2, 1959 Bay Murder David and Douglas Wilson, 7 and 4, both white[466][aj]
188 Frank Peterson Black 33 June 1, 1959 Holmes Murder-Rape Ira Carnley, his wife, and Earnestine Carnley, 21 and 2 (wife and Earnestine), all white[467][ak]
189 John Frazier Black 44 Union Murder-Rape Lacie Pearman, black (cousin)[468]
190 Harley Conner White 59 Gilchrist Murder Frank Read, white (Gilchrist County sheriff)[469]
191 E. C. Daniels Black 49 August 28, 1959 Columbia Murder Clara Mae Ward, black (girlfriend)[470][471]
192 Sam Odom Black 20 Lake Rape Female, 63, white[470]
193 Willie City Black 22 November 13, 1959 Pinellas Rape Female, white[472][al]
194 John Paul Black 24 Pinellas Rape Gladys Cothreel, 47, white[473]
195 Ralph Williams Black 21 February 1, 1960 Pinellas Rape Patricia Morrison, 17, white[474]
196 James Brooks Black 29 June 20, 1960 Palm Beach Murder-Robbery Helen Baier, white[475]
197 Robert Davis White 26 August 7, 1961 Leon Rape Female, 10, white[476] Bryant
198 Norman Mackiewicz White 32 Dade Murder Robert Staab, white (Bal Harbour police lieutenant)[477]
199 Johnnie Hill Black 28 May 12, 1962 Escambia Murder John Brightwell, white[478]
200 Robert Jefferson Black 22 Bay Murder-Robbery Lawrence Digsby, 31, white[479]
201 Samuel Johnson Black 42 September 6, 1962 Putnam Murder Glenn Faulk, white (Palatka policeman)[480]
202 Joe Smith White 21 September 24, 1962 St. Johns Murder Duke Olsen, 22, white (cellmate)[am][481]
203 William Leach White 22 Union
204 Charles Lee White 35 July 18, 1963 Levy Murder Leroy Collins and Louvada Lee, 57 (Collins), both white (Father-in-law and estranged wife)[482]
205 Emmett Blake White 31 May 12, 1964 Bay Murder-Robbery Johnny Beverly and another person, both white[483]
206 Sie Dawson Black 40 Gadsden Murder Roger Clayton, 2, white[484][an]

Executions 1 through 198 were performed at Union Correctional Institution, but 199 through 206 were performed at Florida State Prison due to the electric chair being moved to the latter facility in 1962.[485]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Jury found her to be guilty of only of manslaughter and recommended clemency; judge ignored. Prominent citizens in Jacksonville also supported this and Moseley ordered a sentence suspension to study case, but ultimately chose not to act.
  2. ^ Presumed execution; no appeals noted and other defendant later executed.
  3. ^ Claimed to have killed seven men (unknown if including this murder or not).
  4. ^ Afro-Cuban
  5. ^ Denied committing this murder but admitted to killing three Spaniards in Cuba.
  6. ^ Bahamian, father executed in Bahamas when he was a boy.
  7. ^ Was also indicted for a second murder which he denied committing.
  8. ^ Had killed seven other persons prior to this.
  9. ^ Also confessed to the murder of a train conductor in South Carolina in 1887 and two other murders.
  10. ^ Confessed to also killing a white male, but was not tried for this.
  11. ^ Same crime as Sam Edwards (see 1905), change of venue from Leon County for unknown reasons.
  12. ^ Confessed to the killing of a 17-year-old girl in Louisiana before execution, but did not give any details.
  13. ^ Murdered in Jacksonville, hanged in St. Augustine due to change of venue. Both suspected of several other robberies and murders.
  14. ^ Murdered at Dinner Island, now part of Flagler County.
  15. ^ F. V. White also killed, but they do not appear to have been tried for this.
  16. ^ Also killed Viola Danford (white) and Stephen Candoa (Spanish); shot at Alphonso Martinez (white, wounded), Ada Lewis (mulatto, wounded), and Susie Fox (black, missed); committed several arsons prior to shootings.
  17. ^ Also killed a black woman on the night of November 29, 1912 the day before in Plant City, but was not tried for this.
  18. ^ Raped in Fort Lauderdale, now part of Broward County.
  19. ^ Thomas (birth name Thompson) did not know his exact age, but knew he was older than 30.
  20. ^ Policeman Charles Waters, Sam Manuel (black), and Stanley Price (black) also wounded in duel.
  21. ^ Also killed deputy sheriff Henry Higgins (white) while fugitive after crime, but was only tried for Smith's murder.
  22. ^ Also killed wife's aunt, but was not executed for this.
  23. ^ Male relative variously identified as a half-brother, brother-in-law, or brother.
  24. ^ Sources report that victim was also murdered, but it is unclear if Coachman was also charged with this.
  25. ^ Based on age in 1926
  26. ^ Based on age in 1926
  27. ^ Also confessed to the murders of the Rowell family (three persons) and their rooming tenant. Also suspected in the killing of his ex-wife Emma Hilliard, but does not appear to have been investigated for this.
  28. ^ Also confessed to raping Ada Easterlin (60, white), a deaf-mute female (white), an 11-year-old girl (white), and an 8-year-old girl (white), attempted rape of a 15-year-old girl, and the attempted homicide of Frank Keeler.
  29. ^ Also killed Louise Speer, Katharine's mother, but was only indicted for this. Had previously been convicted of murdering George Fay in Alabama in 1908 and was acquitted of murdering William Cowles in 1931.
  30. ^ Williams confessed posthoumously through a written note to killing a Chinese person in Savannah, Georgia in 1921, but did not give any details.
  31. ^ Raped in Apalachicola (Franklin), taken to Tallahassee (Leon) and given change of venue after lynching attempt.
  32. ^ Also killed his daughter and sister-in-law, but was not tried for either.
  33. ^ Also killed Samuel Null and Curtis Floyd Graham (John's brother), but was convicted of John's first.
  34. ^ Also killed his ex-wife Lucille, but was only tried for Thomas's.
  35. ^ Also killed his ex-wife Marjorie, 45, but was not tried for this.
  36. ^ Assaulted (sexually) both boys before their murders. Confessed to "molesting children for years" without being caught.
  37. ^ Ira and Earnestine killed, wife raped.
  38. ^ Confessed to raping five other women (three black and two white) but was not tried for these.
  39. ^ Murdered in Florida State Prison while serving time for a narcotics charge. Smith and Leach were serving time for theft and breaking & entering respectively.
  40. ^ Confessed to also killing Roger's mother, Maggie Clayton, but was not convicted of this.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Executions in Florida - 1827-1930 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  2. ^ "Executions in Florida - 1931-1979 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  3. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
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  8. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Benjamin Donica". Espy Archive. 1827-06-20.
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  10. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Andrew Crail". Espy Archive. 1829-03-30.
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  12. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Norman Sherwood". Espy Archive. 1830-12-10.
  13. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Robert Breen". Espy Archive. 1833-12-20.
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  219. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of James Green". Espy Archive. 1911-01-27.
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  223. ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Edgar Youmans, Will Mccoy". Espy Archive. 1911-12-01.
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  228. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Henry Horee". Espy Archive. 1912-05-10.
  229. ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Tom White, Eugene Baxter". Espy Archive. 1912-05-31.
  230. ^ "Summary of the execution of Steve Johnson". Espy Archive. 1912-05-31.
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  234. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Robert Anderson". Espy Archive. 1912-11-23.
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  243. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Clarence Daly". Espy Archive. 1914-04-10.
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  245. ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Lonnie Rowland". Espy Archive. 1915-01-22.
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  252. ^ a b c d "Documentation for the execution of Ed Maddox". Espy Archive. 1915-08-20.
  253. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Ebenezer Tobin". Espy Archive. 1915-10-22.
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  275. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Hosie Poole". Espy Archive. 1920-07-30.
  276. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Tom Brown". Espy Archive. 1921-05-20.
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  284. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. 1923-11-23.
  285. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. 1923-11-23.
  286. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. 1923-11-23.
  287. ^ "Death Chair Law Upheld by Court". The Evening Independent. November 13, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
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  289. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Frank Johnson". Espy Archive. 1924-10-07.
  290. ^ "Documentation for the execution of J. C. Coachman". Espy Archive. 1925-05-06.
  291. ^ "Documentation for the execution of J. C. Coachman". Espy Archive. 1925-05-06.
  292. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Will Champion". Espy Archive. 1926-01-28.
  293. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Roy Dunwood". Espy Archive. 1926-05-12.
  294. ^ "Documentation for the execution of John Simmons". Espy Archive. 1901-07-05.
  295. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Scrimm". Espy Archive. 1926-05-25.
  296. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Scrimm, Phillip Taylor, Willie Green, Arthur Williams, Melvin Johnson..." Espy Archive. 1926-05-25.
  297. ^ "Gleanings from the Press". The Evening Independent. October 21, 1926. p. 14. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  298. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Willie Green, Arthur Williams". Espy Archive. 1926-11-23.
  299. ^ a b "Negro Murder Suspects Get Death Verdict". The Evening Independent. August 21, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  300. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Lloyd Salter, Raymond Stone". Espy Archive. 1927-03-01.
  301. ^ "Summary of the execution of Rufus Chesser". Espy Archive. 1927-03-23.
  302. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Earl London". Espy Archive. 1927-04-07.
  303. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. 1927-04-27.
  304. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. 1927-04-27.
  305. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. 1927-04-27.
  306. ^ "Summary of the execution of Louis Thomas". Espy Archive. 1927-11-29.
  307. ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Thomas Costello". Espy Archive. 1927-12-13.
  308. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Pittman". Espy Archive. 1928-06-13.
  309. ^ "Summary of the execution of William Vaughn". Espy Archive. 1928-08-28.
  310. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Melvin Johnson". Espy Archive. 1928-09-04.
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  312. ^ "Documentation for the execution of James Turner". Espy Archive. 1928-09-25.
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  314. ^ "Documentation for the execution of George Davis". Espy Archive. 1928-10-09.
  315. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Herbert Harvey". Espy Archive. 1928-10-23.
  316. ^ a b "Day by Day In Florida". The Evening Independent. July 18, 1927. p. 12. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  317. ^ a b "Governor Signs Death Warrants". The Evening Independent. October 21, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  318. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Ross Funderbirk". Espy Archive. 1930-03-19.
  319. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Clayton Bell". Espy Archive. 1931-01-27.
  320. ^ "Documentation for the execution of T. Southworth". Espy Archive. 1931-02-12.
  321. ^ "Fickle Justice". St. Petersburg Times. February 25, 1931. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
  322. ^ "Floridian Held For Killing Of Mother-In-Law". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 4, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  323. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Johnson". Espy Archive. 1931-06-24.
  324. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jim Collins". Espy Archive. 1931-11-12.
  325. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jim Collins". Espy Archive. 1931-11-12.
  326. ^ "Negro Dies In Chair". The Evening Independent. February 27, 1932. p. 8. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  327. ^ "Summary of the execution of Elvin Jeffcoat". Espy Archive. 1933-03-24.
  328. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Norman Heidt". Espy Archive. 1933-07-10.
  329. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Williams". Espy Archive. 1934-10-08.
  330. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Williams". Espy Archive. 1934-10-08.
  331. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Williams". Espy Archive. 1934-10-08.
  332. ^ "Summary of the execution of Fred Anderson, Thomas Jefferson". Espy Archive. 1935-01-22.
  333. ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Simee Fields, Marcus Powell, Ivory Williams, Richard Smith, Wilburn Crews..." Espy Archive. 1937-05-10.
  334. ^ "Negro Executed At Raiford Today". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. February 25, 1935. p. 5. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  335. ^ "Summary of the execution of Herman Smith". Espy Archive. 1935-04-05.
  336. ^ "Summary of the execution of Martin Jarvis". Espy Archive. 1935-04-11.
  337. ^ "Summary of the execution of Monroe Hasty". Espy Archive. 1935-09-16.
  338. ^ "Florida Negro Dies In Chair". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. January 7, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  339. ^ "Summary of the execution of Ed Bradley". Espy Archive. 1936-06-29.
  340. ^ "Documentation for the execution of George Dixon". Espy Archive. 1936-08-24.
  341. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Lee Clark". Espy Archive. 1936-10-19.
  342. ^ "Summary of the execution of L. D. Padgett". Espy Archive. 1936-10-19.
  343. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Clarence Casey, James Milligan". Espy Archive. 1936-10-19.
  344. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Rufus Johnson". Espy Archive. 1936-10-26.
  345. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  346. ^ "Documentation for the execution of George Scroggins". Espy Archive. 1936-10-26.
  347. ^ "Summary of the execution of James Walker, Richard Williams". Espy Archive. 1936-12-14.
  348. ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Willie Walker". Espy Archive. 1937-04-23.
  349. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Finney Fields". Espy Archive. 1937-05-10.
  350. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Simee Fields, Marcus Powell, Ivory Williams, Giuseppe Zangara, Richard Smith..." Espy Archive. 1937-05-10.
  351. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  352. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Marcus Powell". Espy Archive. 1937-07-12.
  353. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Preston Mcdonald, Walter Williams". Espy Archive. 1937-07-19.
  354. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Hinds". Espy Archive. 1937-07-23.
  355. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Orson Williams". Espy Archive. 1938-06-20.
  356. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  357. ^ "Summary of the execution of Willie Randolph". Espy Archive. 1938-07-05.
  358. ^ "Slain In Death Pact". St. Joseph News-Press. May 9, 1938. p. 11. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
  359. ^ "Summary of the execution of Paul Bunge". Espy Archive. 1939-02-02.
  360. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Johnny Smith". Espy Archive. 1939-05-12.
  361. ^ "Summary of the execution of Harvey Mcgraw". Espy Archive. 1939-09-04.
  362. ^ "Negro Slayer Dies In Electric Chair". St. Petersburg Times. June 6, 1940. p. 16. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  363. ^ "Summary of the execution of Herbert Goddard". Espy Archive. 1940-07-29.
  364. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Ivory Williams". Espy Archive. 1940-11-11.
  365. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Paul Mardorf". Espy Archive. 1941-10-27.
  366. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Paul Mardorf". Espy Archive. 1941-10-27.
  367. ^ "Hysler, Baker Sit in Death Row as Negro Is Executed 'Just Down The Corridor'". St. Petersburg Times. April 16, 1941. p. 19. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  368. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  369. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Frizell Mclaren". Espy Archive. 1941-10-06.
  370. ^ "Summary of the execution of Charlie Henderson". Espy Archive. 1941-10-06.
  371. ^ "Summary of the execution of Wilburn Crews". Espy Archive. 1941-10-06.
  372. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  373. ^ "Summary of the execution of Dan Ormond". Espy Archive. 1941-10-06.
  374. ^ "Summary of the execution of Willie Clay, Edward Powell, Nathaniel Walker". Espy Archive. 1941-12-29.
  375. ^ "Summary of the execution of George Newsome". Espy Archive. 1942-03-02.
  376. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Roberson". Espy Archive. 1942-03-23.
  377. ^ "Summary of the execution of Jicy Crawford". Espy Archive. 1942-03-23.
  378. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jicy Crawford". Espy Archive. 1942-03-23.
  379. ^ "Summary of the execution of Angie Ciangetti". Espy Archive. 1942-03-23.
  380. ^ "Summary of the execution of Worth Roberson". Espy Archive. 1942-03-23.
  381. ^ "Documentation for the execution of John Stanton". Espy Archive. 1942-05-18.
  382. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Clyde Hysler". Espy Archive. 1942-06-15.
  383. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Byrd Hudgins". Espy Archive. 1942-07-20.
  384. ^ "Slayer of State Patrolman Put To Death at Raiford". The Evening Independent. July 20, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  385. ^ "Summary of the execution of Ernest Robinson". Espy Archive. 1942-08-17.
  386. ^ "Negro Scheduled To Die in Chair". The Evening Independent. January 14, 1943. p. 2. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  387. ^ "Slayer Of 4 Roams Miami". The Pittsburgh Press. July 19, 1942. p. 11. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  388. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Cornelius Parker". Espy Archive. 1943-10-04.
  389. ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of James Young, George James". Espy Archive. 1943-10-25.
  390. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of George James". Espy Archive. 1943-10-29.
  391. ^ "Summary of the execution of Perry Acree". Espy Archive. 1943-11-22.
  392. ^ "Summary of the execution of Edgar Flowers". Espy Archive. 1944-06-26.
  393. ^ "Summary of the execution of Earl Thompson, Edward Thompson". Espy Archive. 1944-08-19.
  394. ^ "Summary of the execution of James Davis, Freddie Lane, James Williams". Espy Archive. 1944-10-09.
  395. ^ "Florida News Briefs". St. Petersburg Times. December 29, 1944. p. 7. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  396. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Sparks". Espy Archive. 1945-01-15.
  397. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  398. ^ "Summary of the execution of Albert Green". Espy Archive. 1945-02-12.
  399. ^ "Documentation for the execution of William Anderson". Espy Archive. 1945-07-25.
  400. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Pleas Dixon". Espy Archive. 1945-10-29.
  401. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Ernest Warren". Espy Archive. 1945-10-29.
  402. ^ a b c d "Documentation for the execution of George Sullivan". Espy Archive. 1946-01-14.
  403. ^ "Slayer Executed". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. April 22, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  404. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  405. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jacob Webb". Espy Archive. 1946-09-30.
  406. ^ "Summary of the execution of Wilbur Patterson". Espy Archive. 1947-03-17.
  407. ^ "Documentation for the execution of lewis green". Espy Archive. 1947-04-21.
  408. ^ "Convicted Slayer's Electrocution Set". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 8, 1947. p. 7. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  409. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Tom Melton". Espy Archive. 1947-08-04.
  410. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Joe Ferguson, James Maxwell". Espy Archive. 1947-08-04.
  411. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  412. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Reuben Harper". Espy Archive. 1948-01-05.
  413. ^ "Negro Seized In Rape Case". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. November 10, 1946. p. 3. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  414. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Alexander Wiles". Espy Archive. 1948-06-14.
  415. ^ "Summary of the execution of Alonzo Washington Jr". Espy Archive. 1948-08-23.
  416. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Ernest Harper". Espy Archive. 1948-09-06.
  417. ^ "Two Negroes Die In Chair". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. September 7, 1948. p. 3. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  418. ^ "Documentation for the execution of David Watson". Espy Archive. 1948-09-15.
  419. ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Lonnie Talley". Espy Archive. 1948-10-05.
  420. ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Lacy Stewart". Espy Archive. 1948-10-25.
  421. ^ "Summary of the execution of Felix Combs". Espy Archive. 1949-01-24.
  422. ^ "Summary of the execution of Aaron Quince". Espy Archive. 1949-02-07.
  423. ^ "Summary of the execution of Arthur Berry". Espy Archive. 1949-04-04.
  424. ^ "Summary of the execution of Flem Griffis". Espy Archive. 1949-08-08.
  425. ^ "Summary of the execution of Henry Tillman". Espy Archive. 1950-06-05.
  426. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Mcdonald, L. D. Robinson, George Wolfork Jr". Espy Archive. 1951-01-08.
  427. ^ "Documentation for the execution of R. Charles Gifford". Espy Archive. 1951-02-21.
  428. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jessie Hilton". Espy Archive. 1951-06-04.
  429. ^ "Documentation for the execution of John Washington Jr". Espy Archive. 1951-06-04.
  430. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  431. ^ "Documentation for the execution of James Felton". Espy Archive. 1951-08-06.
  432. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Coy Mccann". Espy Archive. 1952-04-07.
  433. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  434. ^ "Summary of the execution of Merlin Leiby". Espy Archive. 1952-06-30.
  435. ^ "Summary of the execution of George Story". Espy Archive. 1952-09-08.
  436. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jimmie Brown". Espy Archive. 1953-07-06.
  437. ^ "Negro Slayer Executed". St. Petersburg Times. September 8, 1953. p. 13. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  438. ^ "Documentation for the execution of George Bailey, James Henderson". Espy Archive. 1954-10-04.
  439. ^ "Summary of the execution of Avon North". Espy Archive. 1954-10-04.
  440. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Tanner Brock". Espy Archive. 1954-09-28.
  441. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Abraham Beard". Espy Archive. 1954-11-08.
  442. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  443. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Leroy Williams". Espy Archive. 1954-11-08.
  444. ^ "Summary of the execution of John Mcveigh". Espy Archive. 1955-04-18.
  445. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Louis Gillard". Espy Archive. 1955-08-29.
  446. ^ Delaney, Bob (March 18, 1955). "Irvin Decision Delayed; Collins Slates Probe". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  447. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Chester Dyer". Espy Archive. 1955-10-31.
  448. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Chester Dyer". Espy Archive. 1955-10-31.
  449. ^ "Summary of the execution of Samuel Hornbeck". Espy Archive. 1955-12-12.
  450. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Herman Barwicks". Espy Archive. 1956-02-20.
  451. ^ "Documentation for the execution of George Anderson, Percy Armbrister". Espy Archive. 1956-02-20.
  452. ^ "Summary of the execution of Charlie Copeland Jr". Espy Archive. 1956-04-28.
  453. ^ "Lavoie Gets Death For Slaying Girl". Sarasota Journal. April 20, 1955. p. 12. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  454. ^ State, Florida Office of Secretary of (1955). Report of the Secretary of State of the State of Florida. The Office.
  455. ^ "Negro Rapists Die In Raiford Electric Chair". Ocala Star-Banner. October 1, 1956. p. 3. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  456. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  457. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Joseph Ezzell". Espy Archive. 1957-01-21.
  458. ^ "Pardon Board Studies Plea of Ring Leader". Sarasota Journal. June 13, 1957. p. 22. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  459. ^ Meiklejohn, Don (February 19, 1957). "Court Upholds Murder Verdict In Ocala Trial". Ocala Star-Banner. p. 15. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  460. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  461. ^ "Riviera Beach Man Dies In Electric Chair". Ocala Star-Banner. May 26, 1958. p. 12. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  462. ^ "Summary of the execution of George Everett". Espy Archive. 1958-06-13.
  463. ^ "Summary of the execution of Harry Long". Espy Archive. 1958-09-29.
  464. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Willie Horne". Espy Archive. 1959-01-12.
  465. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Jimmie Thomas". Espy Archive. 1959-01-19.
  466. ^ "Summary of the execution of Dallas Withers". Espy Archive. 1959-02-02.
  467. ^ "Summary of the execution of Frank Peterson". Espy Archive. 1959-06-01.
  468. ^ "Summary of the execution of John Frazier". Espy Archive. 1959-06-01.
  469. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Harley Conner". Espy Archive. 1959-06-01.
  470. ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of sam odom, E. C. Daniels". Espy Archive. 1959-08-28.
  471. ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  472. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Willie City, John Paul". Espy Archive. 1959-11-13.
  473. ^ "Summary of the execution of John Paul". Espy Archive. 1959-11-13.
  474. ^ "Summary of the execution of Ralph Williams". Espy Archive. 1960-02-01.
  475. ^ "Negro Dies Calmly In Electric Chair For Palm Beach Slaying". Ocala Star-Banner. June 20, 1960. p. 3. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  476. ^ "Summary of the execution of Robert Davis". Espy Archive. 1961-08-07.
  477. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Norman Mackiewicz". Espy Archive. 1961-08-07.
  478. ^ "Summary of the execution of Johnnie Hill". Espy Archive. 1962-05-12.
  479. ^ "Accused of killing wife, mother". Baltimore Afro-American. July 12, 1960. p. 32. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  480. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Samuel Johnson". Espy Archive. 1878-05-24.
  481. ^ "Summary of the execution of Joe Smith, William Leach". Espy Archive. 1962-09-24.
  482. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Charles Lee". Espy Archive. 1963-07-18.
  483. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Emmett Blake". Espy Archive. 1964-05-12.
  484. ^ "Summary of the execution of Sie Dawson". Espy Archive. 1964-05-12.
  485. ^ Philcox, Phil; Boe, Beverly (1999). Sunshine State Almanac and Book of Florida-related Stuff. Pineapple Press Inc. ISBN 978-1-56164-178-9.
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