List of active separatist movements in North America
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
Criteria
[edit]What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
Antigua and Barbuda
[edit]
- Proposed state:
Barbuda
- Political parties:
Barbuda People's Movement[1][2]
- Political parties:
Canada
[edit]
- Proposed state: West Canada (Includes Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan as well as sometimes Yukon, The Northwest territories and Nunavut)
- Proposed: Independence for Alberta[9][10][11] or unification with
United States[12][13][14]
- Political parties: Independence Party of Alberta, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta
- Proposed: Independence for Saskatchewan[15][16][17]
- Political party: Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan
- Proposed: Independence for Quebec or autonomy[18][19][20][21][22]
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Political parties (secessionist): Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Communist Party of Canada, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec, Climat Québec
- Political parties (autonomist): Coalition Avenir Québec, Équipe Autonomiste
- Proposed state:
British Columbia
- Proposed: Splitting Northern Ontario out as an independent state
- Political party: Northern Ontario Party[26][27][28]
- Proposed: Breaking Vancouver Island off from British Columbia to create a new province or independence[29][30][31]
- Proposed State:
Nuxalk Nation
- Advocacy Group: Nuxalk Nation (Member of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization until 2008)[32]
Colombia
[edit]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Raizal State
Costa Rica
[edit]
- Proposed State:
Limón
- Advocacy group: Limón Soberano[38][39][40]
- Proposed State:
Guanacaste
- Advocacy Group: Independent Guanacaste Party[41]
Denmark
[edit]
- Ethnic group: Greenlandic Inuit, Danish Greenlanders, others
- Proposed: Independence for Greenland[42][43]
- Political parties: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.
Dominican Republic
[edit]- Proposed state: República del Cibao or autonomy[44][45]
France
[edit]
- Proposed state:
Republic of Guadeloupe[47][48][49]
- Political parties: United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible, Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe[50]
- political party (autonomist): Guadeloupe Communist Party
- Proposed state:
Republic of Martinique[48][49]
- Political party:
Martinican Independence Movement,[51] Build the Martinique Country, Péyi-A - political party (autonomist): Martinican Progressive Party
- Political party:
Haiti
[edit]- Proposed state: Zile Lagonav or autonomy[52][53]
- Advocacy group:
La Gonâve en avant[54][55] Jatibonicu Taino Tribal Nation
- Advocacy group:
Mexico
[edit]- Autonomist movements
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- Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
- De facto autonomous area:
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
- Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation[56][57][58][59]
- Ethnic group: Triqui people
- Proposed autonomous area: Oaxaca
- Militant organization: Movement for Triqui Autonomy[60][61][62]
Netherlands
[edit]
- Proposed: Independence for
Curaçao[63]
- Political parties: Movement for the Future of Curaçao,[64] Sovereign People[65]
- Referendums: 1993 and 2005
- Proposed: Independence for
Aruba
- Political party: People's Electoral Movement (Aruba)[66][67]
- Referendum: 1977
- Proposed: Independence, autonomy or unification with
Saint Martin
- Political party: Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement[68]
- Referendums: 1994 and 2000
Nicaragua
[edit]- Proposed: Greater autonomy for Moskitia[69][70]
- Political party: General Assembly of the Council of Elders[71]
Saint Kitts and Nevis
[edit]
- Proposed: Greater autonomy for
Nevis
- Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party,[73] Concerned Citizens' Movement[74]
Trinidad and Tobago
[edit]
United States
[edit]- Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
- Proposed states and/or autonomous regions: Multiple
- Political parties:
Choctaw Youth Movement (defunct) - Advocacy groups:
Lakota Freedom Movement,[81][82] 
Mohawk Warrior Society, 
American Indian Movement, American Indian Movement of Colorado, International Indian Treaty Council, Red Power movement
- Political parties:
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- Proposed state or autonomous region: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
- Advocacy groups:
League of the South,[83][84][85] other 
neo-Confederate and non-confederate southern separatist groups.
- Advocacy groups:
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Mormons
- Proposed state or autonomous region: Deseret
- Advocacy groups:
Deseret nationalists (#DezNat)
- Advocacy groups:
- Ethnic group: Chicano Movement, Chicano
- Proposed: Greater autonomy for Aztlan[87][88]
- Advocacy groups: Brown Berets (Aztlanecas Brown Berets),[89] MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán,[90] "Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán"),[87][91] Freedom Road Socialist Organization,[92] which calls for self-determination for the Chicano nation in Aztlan up to and including the right to secession.[93] Raza Unida Party (Defunct) United Farm Workers (Historically Separatist)[94]
- Ethnic group: African Americans
- Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New Afrika[95][96]
- Advocacy group: Pan-Africanists[97] Black Radical Congress, Moorish sovereign citizens, Nuwaubian Nation, Huey P. Newton Gun Club, Black Lives Matter (Factions)
- Political parties:
New Black Panther Party, 
African People's Socialist Party, Not Fucking Around Coalition, Black Hammer Party, Revolutionary Black Panther Party, Black Riders Liberation Party, 
Washitaw Nation
.svg){kind=small}
- Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New England[98]
_(%2Bgrid)_(W3).svg)
- Ethnic group: Alaskan Creoles, Alaska Natives, Americans, Russian Americans
- Proposed state: Republic of Alaska[102][103]
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party[104]
- Proposed state or autonomous area: Second Californian Republic/"New" California or autonomy
- Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
- Advocacy groups: Yes California,[105] Californians for Independence
- Political parties: California National Party,[106] California Freedom Coalition[107]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Republic of Texas
- Ethnic group: Americans, Tejanos
- Advocacy groups: Texas Nationalist Movement,[108][109] Republic of Texas (group)
- Proposed state or autonomous area: New Hampshire
- Advocacy groups: NHexit,[112][113] Foundation for New Hampshire Independence,[114] Free State Project
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Vermont Republic
- Political party: Vermont Independence Party[115][116][117] Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (Anarchist)
- Advocacy group:
Second Vermont Republic[118][119]
Territories
[edit].svg)
- Proposed: Independence, statehood, autonomy, independence under free association[120][121] or reunification with
Spain as an autonomous community[122][123]
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
- Advocacy groups: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party,[124]Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano[125](MINH), Socialist Front (FS), Movimiento Puertorriqueño Reunificacionista con España (MPRE)
- Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic
- Proposed: Independence or Greater autonomy for the
United States Virgin Islands[126] or Unification with the 
British Virgin Islands
- Political party: Independent Citizens Movement[127]
United Kingdom
[edit]
- Proposed state:
Bermuda
- Political party: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda),[131][132] One Bermuda Alliance (Historically), Gombey Liberation Movement
- proposed state
Cayman Islands
- political party: People’s Progressive Movement
- ethnic group: people of the British Virgin Islands
- proposed: Independence or autonomy[136] for the British Virgin Islands or Unification with the United States Virgin Islands
- proposed: Independence or autonomy[136] for the
See also
[edit]- Land Back
- List of historical separatist movements
- Lists of active separatist movements
- Diagolon "Canadian alt-right organization"
- Northwest Territorial Imperative
- American Redoubt
- Christian exodus movement
- Republic of Florida Militia
- Alliance for Yucatan Party
References
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