List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 140
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
|---|---|
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| 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W | |
| Established | March 4, 1789 |
| Location | Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W |
| Composition method | Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation |
| Authorised by | Constitution of the United States, Art. III, § 1 |
| Judge term length | life tenure, subject to impeachment and removal |
| Number of positions | 9 (by statute) |
| Website | supremecourt |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Supreme Court of the United States |
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| The Court |
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This is a list of cases reported in volume 140 of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1891.
Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 140 U.S.
[edit]The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).[1] Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).
When the cases in volume 140 U.S. were decided the Court comprised the following nine members:
| Portrait | Justice | Office | Home State | Succeeded | Date confirmed by the Senate (Vote) |
Tenure on Supreme Court |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Melville Fuller | Chief Justice | Illinois | Morrison Waite | July 20, 1888 (41–20) |
October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910 (Died) |
|
Stephen Johnson Field | Associate Justice | California | newly created seat | March 10, 1863 (Acclamation) |
May 10, 1863 – December 1, 1897 (Retired) |
|
Joseph P. Bradley | Associate Justice | New Jersey | newly created seat | March 21, 1870 (46–9) |
March 23, 1870 – January 22, 1892 (Died) |
|
John Marshall Harlan | Associate Justice | Kentucky | David Davis | November 29, 1877 (Acclamation) |
December 10, 1877 – October 14, 1911 (Died) |
|
Horace Gray | Associate Justice | Massachusetts | Nathan Clifford | December 20, 1881 (51–5) |
January 9, 1882 – September 15, 1902 (Died) |
|
Samuel Blatchford | Associate Justice | New York | Ward Hunt | March 22, 1882 (Acclamation) |
April 3, 1882 – July 7, 1893 (Died) |
|
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar | Associate Justice | Mississippi | William Burnham Woods | January 16, 1888 (32–28) |
January 18, 1888 – January 23, 1893 (Died) |
|
David Josiah Brewer | Associate Justice | Kansas | Stanley Matthews | December 18, 1889 (53–11) |
January 6, 1890 – March 28, 1910 (Died) |
|
Henry Billings Brown | Associate Justice | Michigan | Samuel Freeman Miller | December 29, 1890 (Acclamation) |
January 5, 1891 – May 28, 1906 (Retired) |
Notable Case in 140 U.S.
[edit]In re Ross
[edit]In In re Ross, 140 U.S. 453 (1891), the Supreme Court held that, in countries in which the United States exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction, U.S. law is properly applied by U.S. consular courts to non-U.S.-citizen sailors on American-flagged ships.
Citation style
[edit]Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
The Judiciary Act of 1891 created the United States Courts of Appeals and reassigned the jurisdiction of most routine appeals from the district and circuit courts to these appellate courts. The Act created nine new courts that were originally known as the "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals." The new courts had jurisdiction over most appeals of lower court decisions. The Supreme Court could review either legal issues that a court of appeals certified or decisions of court of appeals by writ of certiorari.The change resulted in an immediate reduction in the Supreme Court's workload (from 623 cases filed in 1890 to 379 in 1891 and 275 in 1892).
Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.
- "# Cir." = United States Court of Appeals
- e.g., "3d Cir." = United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
- "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . .
- e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
- "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . .
- e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
- e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
- e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
- "Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims
- The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
- e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
- e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine
List of cases in volume 140 U.S.
[edit]Notes and references
[edit]- ^ "Supreme Court Research Guide". Georgetown Law Library. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
External links
[edit]- [1] Case reports in volume 140 from Library of Congress
- [2] Case reports in volume 140 from Court Listener
- [3] Case reports in volume 140 from the Caselaw Access Project of Harvard Law School
- [4] Case reports in volume 140 from Google Scholar
- [5] Case reports in volume 140 from Justia
- [6] Case reports in volume 140 from Open Jurist
- Website of the United States Supreme Court
- United States Courts website about the Supreme Court
- National Archives, Records of the Supreme Court of the United States
- American Bar Association, How Does the Supreme Court Work?
- The Supreme Court Historical Society
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