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List of law schools attended by United States Supreme Court justices

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This article is part of a series on the
Supreme Court
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Levi Woodbury was the first Justice to have formally attended a law school.
Stanley Forman Reed was the last sitting Justice not to have received a law degree.

The Constitution of the United States does not require that any federal judges have any particular educational or career background, but the work of the Court involves complex questions of law – ranging from constitutional law to administrative law to admiralty law – and consequentially, a legal education has become a de facto prerequisite to appointment on the United States Supreme Court. Every person who has been nominated to the Court has been an attorney.[1]

Before the advent of modern law schools in the United States, justices, like most attorneys of the time, completed their legal studies by "reading law" (studying under and acting as an apprentice to more experienced attorneys) rather than attending a formal program. The first Justice to be appointed who had attended an actual law school was Levi Woodbury, appointed to the Court in 1846. Woodbury had attended Tapping Reeve Law School in Litchfield, Connecticut, the most prestigious law school in the United States in that day, prior to his admission to the bar in 1812. However, Woodbury did not earn a law degree. Woodbury's successor on the Court, Benjamin Robbins Curtis, who received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1832, and was appointed to the Court in 1851, was the first Justice to bear such a credential.[2]

Associate Justice James F. Byrnes, whose short tenure lasted from June 1941 to October 1942, was the last Justice without a law degree to be appointed; Stanley Forman Reed, who served on the Court from 1938 to 1957, was the last sitting Justice from such a background. In total, of the 114 justices appointed to the Court, 49 have had law degrees, an additional 18 attended some law school but did not receive a degree, and 47 received their legal education without any law school attendance.[2]

Currently serving justices are listed in bold below.

Four or more justices

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Three justices

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Two justices

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One justice

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University or college educated

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These justices were educated at the equivalent of an undergraduate level, but did not receive legal education at the graduate level, the model under which law schools in the United States are currently organized.

No university education

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Some justices received no education in a university setting, but were instead either trained through apprenticeships or were self-taught, as was common with many lawyers prior to the mid-20th century. This practice is often known as reading the law.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jeffrey A. Segal, Harold J. Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited (2002) p. 182.
  2. ^ a b Henry J. Abraham, Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Bush II (2007), p. 49.
  3. ^ John Q. Barrett, Albany in the Life Trajectory of Robert H. Jackson, 68 Alb. L. Rev. 513, 529 (2005)
  4. ^ Ferren, John M.; Rutledge, Wiley (2004). Salt of the Earth, Conscience of the Court: The Story of Justice Wiley Rutledge. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2866-3.
  5. ^ Fowler v. Harper, "Justice Rutledge and The Bright Constellation" (1965) pp.9-10
  6. ^ St. Clair, James E.; Gugin, Linda C. (2002). Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson of Kentucky: A Political Biography. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 13–14.
  7. ^ "Previous Associate Justices: Robert Trimble, 1826-1828". Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
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