Jump to content

List of wars involving Sweden

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from List of Swedish wars)

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Sweden. There are legendary accounts of Swedish kings well into prehistory and they are mentioned by Tacitus in his Germania, but Olof Skötkonung (995–1022) was the first ruler documented to have been accepted by both the Swedes around Lake Mälaren and by the Geats around Lake Vättern. The modern state of Sweden considers itself to have been established on 6 June 1523 by the acclamation of Gustav Vasa as king which finally ended the Kalmar Union with Denmark, although the current Swedish constitution dates to 1974.

Military engagements since 1814 have not been formally declared wars.

Kingdom of Sweden (800–1397)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome
Swedish–Gothic wars
(500–800)

Location: Sweden

Svealand Geats Consolidation of Swedes and Goths into a unified kingdom.
Swedish slave revolts
(500s)

Location: Sweden

Svealand Thralls Slaves depose the king of Sweden and win their freedom.
Ingvars raid of Estonia
(600s)

Location: Estonia

Svealand Estonians Estonian Victory[1]
Anunds raid of Estonia
(600s)

Location: Estonia

Svealand Estonians Swedish Victory
Battle of Brávellir
(750s)

Location: Brávellir

Svealand Estonians Danes (tribe) Wends Geats Swedish Victory Eastern Geatland falls under Swedish dominion
Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus' Rus'/Swedish Vikings Byzantine Empire Successful raid
Swedish expedition to Courland (854) Sweden Curonians Swedish victory
Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea (859)

Location: Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Italy Luni, Italy

Swedes (Germanic tribe) Islamic Spain
Carolingian Empire
Swedish victory[2][3]
Swedish expedition to Courland (862) Sweden Curonians Swedish victory
Swedish wars of conquest in Eastern Europe
(850s-870)


Location: Eastern Europe

Swedes (Germanic tribe) Slavs
Curonians
Semigallians
Finnic peoples.
Swedish victory establishment of control over the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks and Starya Ladoga route.
Great Heathen Army (865–878) Vikings Wessex Northumbria Mercia East Anglia Swedes, Norwegians and Danes under Ragnar Lodbrok sons occupies England and establishes the Danelaw
Caspian expeditions of the Rus' (913–1041) Khazars Abbasid Caliphate Swedes establish trade routes
Olof the Brashs conquest of Denmark
(900s)

Location: Denmark

Swedes (Germanic tribe) Denmark Swedish victory
Jomsviking–Swedish War
(980s)

Location: Uppsala

Sweden Jomsviking Swedish Victory[4]
Erik the Victorious invasion of Denmark (990s)

Location: Hedeby Baltic Sea

Sweden Denmark Swedish Victory[5][6]
Swedish invasion of the Holy Roman Empire
(990s)
Sweden
Denmark
Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire Unclear results[7]
Olof Skötkonungs attack on Denmark

Location: In Denmark

Sweden Denmark Swedish victory
  • Denmark is occupied by Olof
  • Sweyn Forkbeard is expelled
Viking expedition to Wendland

Location: In Wendland

Sweden Wends Successful expedition
Battle of Svolder
(999–1000)

Location: In Øresund or near Rügen

Sweden
Denmark
Jarls of Lade
Norway Swedish victory
Swedish Norwegian war
(1015–1018)
Sweden Norway Norwegian victory[8]
Battle of Helgeå

Location: In Helge å or in Uppland

Sweden
Norway
North Sea Empire
Kingdom of England
Anglo-Danish victory
Battle of Stiklestad

Location: In Stiklestad

Sweden Olaf II of Norway North Sea Empire
Anglo-Danish victory
Swedish support for Magnus invasion of Norway (1035)

Location: In Øresund or near Rügen

Sweden Magnus the Good North Sea Empire Swedish victory Magnus the Good becomes king of Norway defeats the Danish forces
(1042) Ingvar the Far-Travelleds expedition

Location: Georgia (country)

Varangians

Kingdom of Georgia

 Byzantine Empire

Duchy of Kldekari

Swedish defeat
Yaroslav the Wise and Mstislav of Chernigovs civil war

Battle of Listven (1024) Location: Ukraine Russia

Kievan Rus'

Varangians

Mstislav of Chernigov Swedish defeat
Swedish–Norwegian War (1063)

Location: Vänern

Sweden Kingdom of Norway Swedish defeat
Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101)

Location: Unknown

Sweden Norway Inconclusive
First Swedish Crusade
(1150)

Location: Unknown

Eric IX of Sweden, Henry (bishop of Finland) Finns Eventual incorporation of Southwest Finland into the Swedish kingdom
Sweyn III's invasion of Småland (1153) Sweden Denmark Invasion failed
Harald Skraengs uprising (1182) Harald Skraeng
Sweden
Denmark Uprising quelled
Pillage of Sigtuna
(1187)

Location: Sigtuna

Sweden Pagans from Eastern Baltic
(probably Estonians or Karelians)
Sigtuna is sacked. Archbishop Johannes of Uppsala is killed.
Battle of Lihula (1220)

Location: Lihula, Estonia

Sweden Oeselians

Rotalians

Death of Karl the Deaf
Värmland campaign
(1225/1249)[9]

Location: Värmland

Sweden Norway Peace of Lödöse
Öselborn's attack on Sweden
(1226)[10]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Öselborn's The Öselborn's take plunder and hostages
Attack on Tavastia
(1227–1228)[11]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Indecisive
Battle of Olustra (1229)[12]

Location: Södermanland or Östergötland

Eric XI Knut Långe Victory for Knut Långe
  • Knut Långe is crowned King of Sweden
Eric XI's reinstatement war
(1234)[13]

Location: Unknown

Eric XI
  • Possibly supported by an army from Denmark
Knut Långe Victory for Eric XI
  • Eric XI regains the throne
  • Death of Knut Långe
Livonian Crusade
(13th century)

Location: Estonia, Latvia

Crusade

Pskov Republic

Pagans (Indigenous peoples)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crusader victory. However, the Swedish expedition ended in disaster
Tavastian uprising
(1236–1237)

Location: Finland

Sweden Tavastians
Novgorod
Karelians
Uprising crushed
  • Swedish influence in Finland is preserved
Battle of Neva (1240) Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Tavastians Novgorod Republic and Karelians Novgorodian victory.
First Folkung Uprising
(1247)[14]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Folkung Victory of the Swedish king
Second Swedish Crusade
(1249–1250)

Location: Finland

Birger Jarl, Christians Tavastians Area of Tavastians and south-western Finland fall to Swedish rule, Häme Castle is founded

Folkung era (1250–1389)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome
Second Folkung Uprising
(1251)[15]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Folkung Swedish victory
  • Filip Knutsson captured and executed
Campaign against Narva
(1256–1257)[16]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Neither side achieved much success
The war against Valdemar Birgersson
(1275)
Valdemar's Forces Duke Magnus's Forces Valdemar, King of Sweden is deposed
Magnus Ladulås is crowned king of Sweden.
6000 mark war
(1276–1278)
Sweden Denmark Danish victory
  • Sweden agrees to pay a reduced amount of 4000 marks to Denmark.
Third Folkung Uprising
(1278–1280)[17]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Folkung Victory of the Swedish king
  • Insurgents captured
  • One of the leaders is fined while two others are executed.
Ladoga Campaign
(1283–1284)[18]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Indecisive
War in Gotland (1288)

Location: Gotland

Visby Gotland Victory for Visby
Swedish campaign against the Karelians and Izhorians
(1292)

Location: Unknown

Sweden Karelians
Izhorians
Swedish defeat[19]
Third Swedish Crusade
(1293–1295)

Location: Finland

Sweden Karelians
Novgorod republic
Swedish victory
  • Swedish border expands eastwards
Neva Campaign
(1300–1301)[20]

Location: Neva river

Sweden Novgorod Landskrona captured by Novgorod
Swedish Brother's Feud (1304–1310)

Location: Sweden

Birger Magnusson Duke Eric and Valdemar Victory for Birger Magnusson, death of Valdemar and Duke Eric
War on Gotland
(1313)[21]

Location: Gotland

Sweden Gotland Gutes agree to pay an increased tax to the Swedish king.
Tavastian war
(1311–1314)[22]

Location: Tavastia

Sweden Novgorod Republic Indecisive
Uprisings in Hälsingland and Småland
(1316–1317)[23]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Rebels in Hälsingland and Småland Insurgents lose their property after a verdict by King Birger
Attack on Åbo
(1318)[24]

Location: Åbo

Sweden Novgorod Republic Novgorodians burn the outskirts of Åbo
War of Deposition against Birger Magnusson
(1317–1319)[25]

Location: Sweden

Birger Magnusson Insurgents loyal to the Dukes Valdemar and Erik Birger is deposed
Kexholm war
(1321–1323)[26]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Treaty of Nöteborg
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
(1142–1323)

Location: Finland

Sweden

Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) Norway (1319–1323)

Novgorod Republic Treaty of Nöteborg (1323)
Campaign against Ingeborg
(1323)[27]

Location: Sweden

Swedish-Norwegian Union Ingeborg of Norway Peace of Skara
  • Ingeborg is forced to exchange Axvall for the unfortified Dåvö in Västmanland
Mats Kettilmundssons war against Reval
(1325–1326)[28]

Location: Unknown

Swedish-Norwegian Union (Mats Kettilmundsson) Reval Mats Kettilmundsson dies before any confrontations take place, peace signed in 31 May 1326
Sten bielkes war against Novgorod
(1338–1339)[29]

Location: Novgorod

Swedish-Norwegian Union Novgorod Peace signed in either August or September 1339.
  • Novgorodian strategic failure
Johan Offessons Uprising
(1339)[30]

Location: Sweden

Swedish-Norwegian Union Johan Offesson Lindholm Castle is destroyed, and Johan is forced to give Skytts and Oxie to the king
Kalundborg War
(1341–1343)[31]

Location: Sweden

Swedish-Norwegian Union

Holstein

Denmark

Lübeck
Rostock
Hamburg
Stralsund
Wismar
Greifswald

Swedish-Norwegian victory
Saint George's Night Uprising (1343–1345)[32]

Location: Unknown

Swedish-Norwegian Union
Estonians
Denmark
Teutonic Order
Indecisive
  • Swedish-Norwegian troops plunder Reval
  • Estonian uprising crushed
Magnus's war against Russia
(1348–1351)[33]

Location: Unknown

Swedish-Norwegian Union Novgorod Truce of Dorprat
  • Swedish-Norwegian success in the beginning
  • Swedish-Norwegian failure to keep Nöteborg
Campaign between Magnus and his son
(1356–1359)[34]

Location: Unknown

Magnus IV Eric According to the arbitration in Jönköping, Sweden is divided between Magnus and Erik, this ends after Eric's death in 1359
Valdemar Atterdags reconquest of Scania
(1360)[35]

Location: Scania

Swedish-Norwegian Union Denmark Denmark conquers all of Scania
Valdemar Atterdags conquest of Gotland
(1361)[36]

Location: Gotland

Swedish-Norwegian Union Denmark Denmark conquers Gotland
Danish-Hanseatic War (1361–1370)

Location: Northern Germany, Scandinavia, and the Baltic Sea

First Phase (1361–1365)

Kingdom of Denmark Second Phase (1367–1370)

Kingdom of Denmark

Kingdom of Norway

First Phase: Danish Victory

Second Phase: Hanseatic victory

Hanseatic League gains control over several forts in Scania

War of deposition against Magnus
(1363–1371)[37]

Location: Unknown

Magnus IV

Haakon VI

Albert of Mecklenburg Albert becomes king of Sweden
Swedish involvement in the Danish war of succession
(1379–1381)[38]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Denmark Truce signed in 1381
Invasion of Scania
(1384)[39][40]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Denmark Truce likely signed in 1384
  • Temporary capture of Laholm by Sweden, followed by subsequent retreat
War of deposition against Albrekt of Mecklenburg[41]
(1388–1395)
Sweden Denmark Margaret I becomes regent
Attack on Jama[42]
(1395)
Sweden
Kalmar Union
Novgorod Republic Indecisive
Northern Ladoga Campaign[43]
(1396)
Sweden
Kalmar Union
Novgorod Republic Indecisive

Union of Kalmar (1397–1521)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome
Campaign against the Victual Brothers[44]
(1395–1398)
Sweden
Kalmar Union
Victual Brothers The Victual Brothers surrender their fortresses in Sweden
War in Gotland (1398) Sweden
Kalmar Union Kalmar Union
State of the Teutonic Order Teutonic Order Gotland is conquered by the Teutonic Order
Campaign against Knut Bosson Grip[45]
(1398)
Sweden
Kalmar Union
Knut Bosson Grip Grip surrenders his Finnish fortresses to the crown.
Novgorod's attack in the north
(1399)[46]

Location: Unknown

Sweden
Kalmar Union
Novgorodian Republic Indecisive
War in Gotland (1403–1404)

Location: Unknown

Sweden
Kalmar Union
Teutonic Order Teutonic victory
Engelbrekt rebellion
(1434–1436)
Sweden Kalmar Union Swedish victory
Pukefejden
(1436–1437)
Charles VIII of Sweden Erik Puke Erik Puke is executed
War against the Flemingar
(1437)[47]
Sweden Flemingar Indecisive
Rebellion in Östergötaland
(1437)[48]

Location: Östergötland

Sweden Rebels in Östergötaland Uprising crushed
Värmland rebellion
(1437–1438)[49]

Location: Värmland

Sweden Rebels in Värmland Uprising crushed
David's Rebellion
(1438–1439)
Sweden Tavastian insurgents Uprising quelled
Karl Knutssons campaign against Eric of Pomerania
(1439–1440)[50]
Sweden Eric of Pomerania The remaining fortresses loyal to Eric fall
Karl Knutssons campaign against Novgorod
(1444)[51]
Sweden Novgorodian Republic Indecisive
War in Gotland
(1446)[52]
Sweden
Kalmar Union
Eric of Pomerania Indecisive
Novgorods war against Karl Knutsson
(1448)[53]
Sweden Novgorodian Republic Indecisive
War on Gotland (1448–1449) Sweden Eric of Pomerania
Denmark Denmark
Swedish failure
War for Norway (1448–1451) Sweden  Denmark Danish victory
Karl Knutssons war against Denmark
(1449–1457)[54]
Sweden Denmark Christian I fails to retake the Swedish throne
War of deposition against Karl Knutsson
(1457)[55]
Sweden Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna Christian I becomes King of Sweden
Battle of Haraker
(1464)
Sweden Denmark Karl Knutsson regains the throne
Second War of deposition against Karl Knutsson
(1464–1465)[56]
Sweden Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna Jöns Bengtsson takes power
War of depositon against Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
(1466–1467)[57]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
 Denmark
Karl Knutsson retakes the throne
Dano-Swedish War
(1468–1469)[58]

Location: Sweden

Sweden  Denmark Christian I fails to retake the throne
Erik Karlsson Vasa's Uprising
(1469–1470)[59]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Erik Karlsson Vasa Uprising crushed
Dano-Swedish War
(1469–1470)[60]

Location: Sweden

Sweden  Denmark Christian I fails to retake the throne
Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471)
(1470–1471)

Location: Sweden

Sweden  Denmark Swedish Victory
First campaign to Livonia
(1473–1475)[61]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Teutonic Order Indecisive
Tott's first Russian war
(1475―1476)[62]

Location: Finland

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Truce in December 1475 or early 1476
Second campaign to Livonia
(1478)[63]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Teutonic Order Indecisive
  • Swedish military failure
Tott's second Russian war
(1479–1482)[64]

Location: Finland

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Truce in Novgorod 17 January 1482
  • Russian raids around Nyslott
  • Swedish raids 120 km into Russian territory.
Third campaign to Livonia
(1485–1486/1488)[65]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Teutonic Order Indecisive, peace signed in 1488.
Sten Stures war against the Tott's
(1487)[66]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Tott Tott family's power is reduced
Gotland falls into Danish control
Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497)
(1495–1497)[67]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Swedish victory
Battle of Rotebro
(1497)
Sweden  Denmark Danish victory
  • King John becomes king of Sweden
Border conflict at Nyslott
(1499)

Location: Nyslott

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Swedish Victory
  • Russian attacks repelled
War of Deposition against King Hans
(1501–1503)

Location: Sweden

Sweden  Denmark Swedish Victory
  • King Hans deposed as king of Sweden
Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)
(1501–1512)

Location: Sweden

Sweden
Norwegian rebels
(1501–1504)
Free City of Lübeck
(1509–12)
 Kalmar Union Treaty of Malmö:
  • Sweden and Lübeck agree to pay contribution to Denmark
  • Sweden preserves its independence
Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520)
(1512–1520)

Location: Sweden

Sweden  Kalmar Union Surrender of Stockholm:
  • Kristian II is elected King of Sweden and the Kalmar Union temporarily resurrected
  • Stockholm Bloodbath
Swedish War of Liberation
(1521–23)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

Sweden
Free City of Lübeck
(from 1522)
 Kalmar Union Kingdom of Sweden proclaims independence

Vasa era (1523–1611)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome
Count's Feud
(May 1534 – 29 July 1536)[67]

Location: Denmark

Christian III (Protestants)
Schleswig
Holstein
Sweden
Duchy of Prussia
Jutland
Funen
Supported by:
Norwegian nobles[68]
Duchy of Guelders
Christian II (Catholics)
County of Oldenburg
Free City of Lübeck
 Scania
 Malmö
 Copenhagen
Zealand
Supported by:
Norwegian nobles[69]
Habsburg Netherlands
Victory for Christian III and the Danish Protestants.
Dacke War
(1542–1543)

Location: Sweden

Sweden Rebels led by Nils Dacke Peasant uprising defeated
Lappvesi Peasant Revolt [sv]
(1551–1553)
Sweden Karelian insurgents Uprising quelled
Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
(1554–1557)[67]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Tsardom of Russia Disputed
Northern Seven Years' War
(1563–1570)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

Sweden  Denmark-Norway
Free City of Lübeck
Polish–Lithuanian Union[note 1]
Swedish victory against Poland-Lithuania
Dano-Norwegian victory against Sweden
Livonian War
(1558–1583)[67]

Location: Sweden

Livonian Confederation
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union)
Denmark Denmark–Norway

Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Principality of Transylvania (after 1577)[71]

Tsardom of Russia
Qasim Khanate
Kingdom of Livonia
Treaty of Teusina
  • Estonia ceded to Sweden
Claus Kurssell's coup (1570–1571)

Location: Reval (Tallinn)

Sweden Sweden
Supported by
Reval
Mercenaries Revolutionaty failure
Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
(1590–1595)[67]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Tsardom of Russia Swedish victory
Cudgel War (1596–1597)

Location: Finland

Sweden Finnish rebels Nobility victory
  • Suppression of the uprising
War against Sigismund
(1598–1599)[67]

Location: Sweden

Polish–Swedish union Swedish separatists Separatist victory, Polish-Swedish Union dissolved
Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)
(1600–1629)[67]

Location: Baltic Sea, Prussia, Latvia, Poland

Sweden Poland
(Poland-Lithuania)
 Holy Roman Empire (1626–1629)
Truce of Altmark, Livonia ceded to Sweden
De la Gardie campaign
(1609–1610)

Location: Russia

Sweden
Tsardom of Russia
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
False Dmitry II
Polish-Lithuanian Victory
Ingrian War
(1610–1617)[67]

Location: Russia

Sweden
Swedish Empire
Tsardom of Russia Treaty of Stolbovo, Ingria ceded to Sweden
Kalmar War
(1611–1613)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

Sweden
Swedish Empire
 Denmark-Norway Treaty of Knäred, Dano-Norwegian victory

Swedish Empire (1611–1721)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Västbo peasant uprising
(1616)

Location: Småland

Sweden Småland Peasants and knights Uprising quelled Unknown
Stockholm riots
(1623)

Location: Stockholm

Sweden Stockholm Rioters Riots quelled Unknown
Jödde Stims uprising (1624)

Location: Småland

Sweden Småland Småland rebels Uprising crushed Unknown
Dalecarlian uprising
(1627)[72]

Location: Dalarna

Sweden Dalarna Dalecarlian rebels Uprising crushed Unknown
Thirty Years' War
(1618–1648)[67]

Location: Central Europe

Anti-Imperial alliance: prior to 1635[note 2]
Post-1635 Peace of Prague
Imperial alliance prior to 1635[note 4]
Post-1635 Peace of Prague
Peace of Westphalia 110 000
Torstenson War
(1643–1645)[67]

Location: Denmark-Norway, Swedish Empire

Swedish Empire
 Dutch Republic
 Denmark-Norway
 Holy Roman Empire
Swedish/Dutch victory

Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)

Unknown
Siege of Carolusborg
(1652)

Location: Cape Coast Castle

Swedish Empire

Dutch Republic Dutch Republic

Swedish victory Unknown
First Bremian War
(1654)[67]

Location: Bremen

Swedish Empire
First Stade Recess, Bremen pays homage to Sweden Unknown
Capture of Fort Casimir (1654)

Location: Delaware

Swedish Empire  Dutch Republic Swedish victory Unknown
Jämtland uprising
(1655)[74]

Location: Jämtland

Swedish Empire Jämtland Jämtlanders Uprising crushed Unknown
Conquest of New Sweden (1655)

Location: New Sweden

Swedish Empire Dutch Republic Dutch Republic Dutch victory Unknown
Capture of Carolusborg (1658)

Location: Carolusborg

Swedish Empire Fetu Kingdom
Rebellious slaves
Dano-Norwegian victory Entire garrison captured
Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)

Location: Livonia, Finland

Swedish Empire Tsardom of Russia Russia Swedish victory Unknown
Second Northern War
(1655–1660)[67]

Location: Denmark–Norway, Swedish Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish colonies in North America

Swedish Empire
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57)
Transylvania Principality of Transylvania
Ukrainian Cossacks (1657)[75]
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
 Wallachia
 Moldavia
Poland
(Poland-Lithuania)
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway (1657–60)
 Habsburg Monarchy
Moscow Tsardom (1656–58)
Crimean Khanate
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60)
Duchy of Courland (1656–58)
 Dutch Republic
Swedish victory against Denmark-Norway
Dutch victory in North America
Swedish invasion of Poland-Lithuania unsuccessful
70 000
Second Bremian War
(1666)[67]

Location: Bremen

Swedish Empire Treaty of Habenhausen, Conflicting Results Unknown
War of Devolution
(24 May 1667 – 2 May 1668)[67]

Location:

Spain Spanish Empire
Triple Alliance:
 France Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) Unknown
Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678)

Location: Low Countries, Rhineland, Italy, France, North Sea, Catalonia, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and East Indies

Treaties of Nijmegen Unknown
Scanian War
(1675–1679)[67]

Location: Scandinavia, Europe

Swedish Empire
Kingdom of France Kingdom of France
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway
 Dutch Republic
Brandenburg-Prussia
 Holy Roman Empire
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679)
Treaty of Lund (1679)
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
Heavy
Siege of Hamburg (1686)

Location: Hamburg

Swedish Empire
Hamburg Hamburg
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway
 Kingdom of France
Siege lifted
  • Danish withdrawal
  • Hamburg pays 300,000 thalers in compensation to Denmark
Heavy
Nine Years' War
(1688–1697)[67]

Location: Bremen

Grand Alliance: Kingdom of France France[76] Treaty of Ryswick Unknown
Great Northern War
(22 February 1700 – 10 September 1721)[67] Location:
Coalition victory: 200 000

Age of Liberty (1718–1772)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) (Part of the War of the Austrian Succession)[67]

Location: Finland, Russia

Sweden  Russian Empire Russian victory 7000
Dalecarlian rebellion (1743)
(1743)

Location: Sweden

Sweden Dalecarlian rebels Rebellion crushed +150
Expedition to the Mediterranean
(1759–1760)[77]

Location: Mediterranean Sea

Sweden Pirates Successful expedition None
Pomeranian War (13 September 1757 – 22 May 1762)[67]

Location: Swedish Pomerania, Prussian Pomerania, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Sweden
 Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia Prussian victory
Status quo ante bellum
A couple thousands
Tunis-Swedish War
(1763)[78]

Location: Mediterranean

Sweden Tunis
Ottoman Empire (De-jure)
Inconclusive Unknown

Gustavian era (1772–1809)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Battle of Ibiza
(28–29 February 1780)

Location: coast of Ibiza

 Swedish Navy United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom Swedish victory 3
Theatre War
1788–1789

Location: Sweden

 Sweden

Supported by:

Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway Status quo ante bellum 5
Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)[67]

Location: Finland, Baltic Sea, Sweden

Sweden  Russian Empire
 Denmark-Norway(1788–1789)[79]
Favourable outcome for Sweden; Status quo ante bellum 3000
Swedish–Algerian war of 1791–1792 (1791–1792)

Location: Mediterranean

Sweden Sweden Regency of Algiers
Ottoman Empire (De-jure)
Sweden agrees to pay tribute Unknown
First Barbary War
(10 May 1801 – 10 June 1805)[67]

Location: Off the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli; Derna

United States United States
Sweden (1801–02)
Sicily[80][81]
Tripolitania

Morocco Morocco (1802)[82][83]
Ottoman Empire (De-jure)

Peace Treaty Unknown
Franco-Swedish War
(31 October 1805 – 6 January 1810)[67]

Location: Swedish Pomerania

Co-belligerents:

Co-belligerents:

French victory +6000
Finnish War
(21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809)[67]

Location: Scandinavia

Supported by:

Supported by:

Russian victory 7000
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809
(1808–1809)

Location: Scandinavia

Co-belligerent:

Supported by:

Status quo ante bellum ~200

Kingdom of Sweden (1809–1814)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Saint-Barthélemy Mutiny
(1810)

Location: Saint Barthélemy

Sweden Mutineers Mutinist victory Unknown
Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)[67]

Location: N/A

 Sweden  United Kingdom Status quo ante bellum None
Dano-Swedish War (1813–1814)

Location: Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Holstein

 Sweden
 Russian Empire
 Hanover
 United Kingdom
 Denmark-Norway Coalition victory Unknown
War of the Sixth Coalition
(3 March 1813 – 30 May 1814)[67]

Location: Central and Eastern Europe, France, Italy

Original coalition

After the Armistice of Pläswitz

After the Battle of Leipzig

After January 1814

 France

Until January 1814

Coalition victory Unknown
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)[67]

Location: Norway

Supported by:

Norway Swedish victory 400

United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
First Schleswig War
(1848–1851)

Location: Schleswig and Jutland

 Denmark

Sweden-Norway


Supported by:
Russian Empire Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
 France
 German Confederation Danish victory 1 (not including volunteers)

Kingdom of Sweden (1905–present)

[edit]
Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Invasion of Åland
(1918)

Location: Åland

Central Powers:
German Empire Germany

 Sweden
 Soviet Russia
Åland Islands dispute 1
Congo Crisis
5 July 1960 – 25 November 1965

Location: Republic of the Congo

1960–1963:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Léopoldville
Supported by:
 Soviet Union (1960)

1964–1965:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Léopoldville
 United States
 Belgium
Supported by:
United Nations ONUC (1964)
1960–1963:
 Katanga
 South Kasai

1960–1962:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Stanleyville
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
1964–1965:
Kwilu and Simba rebels
Supported by:
Victory 19
Gulf War (1990–1991) Location:  United States
 United Kingdom
 France
 Saudi Arabia
 Egypt
 Kuwait
Coalition:
 Iraq Allied victory None
Operation Deliberate Force
(30 August – 20 September 1995)

Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina


United Nations UNPROFOR (Sweden was a part of UNPROFOR)

 Republika Srpska Strategic NATO victory 6 (in accidents)[88]
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Location: Afghanistan

ISAF/RS phase (from 2001):
 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Resolute Support
(from 2015)[89]
ISAF/RS phase (from 2001):
Afghanistan Taliban al-Qaeda
(al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS))[92]
Afghanistan Taliban splinter groups
Defeat 5
First Libyan Civil War

Location: Libya

Anti-Gaddafi forces

 Qatar[110][111][112]


Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973:


Minor border clashes:
 Tunisia


Libyan Jamahiriya Rebel victory None
Mali War
(16 January 2012 – Present)

Location: Northern Mali

Mali Government of Mali

 France
ECOWAS


 Chad[135]
 Burundi[136]
 Gabon[137]
 South Africa[138]
 Rwanda[138]
 Tanzania[138]
 Uganda[139]
 China[140]
 Germany[141]
 Sweden[142]
 Estonia[143]
 Egypt[144]
 United Kingdom[145]


Supported by:


Non-state combatants:
Ganda Iso
FLNA[178][179]
MSA (from 2016)
GATIA (from 2014)

* National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
(MNLA)

Nigerian jihadist volunteers


 Islamic State

Withdrawal in 2023[186] None

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after July 1569.[70]
  2. ^ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
  3. ^ "into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620"[73]
  4. ^ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
  5. ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
  6. ^ None of the supporters ever officially recognised either of the two states.[87]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Scandinavians were defeated in a battle in Saaremaa (in Estonian) https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/32908835/skandinaavlased-said-saaremaal-suures-lahingus-tappa
  2. ^ King, Martin (6 September 2022). Blood Is Thicker than War: Brothers and Sisters on the Front Lines. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781637583531. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ The Norse Myths: Stories of the Norse Gods and Heroes Vividly Retold. Quercus. 29 November 2018. ISBN 9781786488800. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  4. ^ Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  5. ^ Lagerqvist, Lars O., Sveriges regenter från forntid till nutid, Norstedts förlag, Stockholm 1996. ISBN 91-1-963882-5 (andra upplagan) Lagerqvist, Lars O., Sveriges regenter från forntid till nutid, Norstedts förlag, Stockholm 1996. ISBN 91-1-963882-5 (andra upplagan) pages 27–30
  6. ^ Erik Segersäll (1953) Sture Bolin. https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15407 Archived 1 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31–32).
  8. ^ "Jämtlands och Härjedalens historia". www.tacitus.nu. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  9. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 55. ISBN 9189080262.
  10. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 57. ISBN 9189080262.
  11. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 59. ISBN 9189080262.
  12. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 61. ISBN 9189080262. Online at Pennan & Svärdet (archived)
  13. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 63. ISBN 9189080262.
  14. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 71. ISBN 9189080262.
  15. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 77. ISBN 9189080262.
  16. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 81. ISBN 9189080262.
  17. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 91. ISBN 9189080262.
  18. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 93. ISBN 9189080262.
  19. ^ "The Chronicle of Novgorod" (PDF). London Offices of the Society, 1914. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
  20. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 103. ISBN 9189080262.
  21. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 118. ISBN 9189080262.
  22. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 115. ISBN 9189080262.
  23. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 119. ISBN 9189080262.
  24. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 127. ISBN 9189080262.
  25. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 121. ISBN 9189080262.
  26. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 129–131. ISBN 9189080262.
  27. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 135. ISBN 9189080262.
  28. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 137. ISBN 9189080262.
  29. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 143. ISBN 9189080262.
  30. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 145. ISBN 9189080262.
  31. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 147–149. ISBN 9189080262.
  32. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 151. ISBN 9189080262.
  33. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 153–155. ISBN 9189080262.
  34. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 157–159. ISBN 9189080262.
  35. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 161. ISBN 9189080262.
  36. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 165. ISBN 9189080262.
  37. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 173–178. ISBN 9189080262.
  38. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 188. ISBN 9189080262.
  39. ^ Sweden (1883). Sverges traktater med Främmande magter jemte andra dit hörande handlingar (in Swedish). P.A. Norstedt.
  40. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 189. ISBN 9189080262.
  41. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 191. ISBN 9189080262.
  42. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 205. ISBN 9189080262.
  43. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 211. ISBN 9189080262.
  44. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 207. ISBN 9189080262.
  45. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 217. ISBN 9189080262.
  46. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 219. ISBN 9189080262.
  47. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 265. ISBN 9189080262.
  48. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 262. ISBN 9189080262.
  49. ^ "SVD | Bloggarkivet | Bondeuppror i Värmland".
  50. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 267. ISBN 9189080262.
  51. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 271. ISBN 9189080262.
  52. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 273. ISBN 9189080262.
  53. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 283. ISBN 9189080262.
  54. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 289. ISBN 9189080262.
  55. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 301. ISBN 9189080262.
  56. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 313. ISBN 9189080262.
  57. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 317. ISBN 9189080262.
  58. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 325. ISBN 9189080262.
  59. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 329. ISBN 9189080262.
  60. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 333. ISBN 9189080262.
  61. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 345. ISBN 9189080262.
  62. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 347. ISBN 9189080262.
  63. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 349. ISBN 9189080262.
  64. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 351–352. ISBN 9189080262.
  65. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 355. ISBN 9189080262.
  66. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 357. ISBN 9189080262.
  67. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Sundberg, Ulf (2010). Sveriges Krig, 1448–1814. SMB. ISBN 978-91-85789-62-7.
  68. ^ Norwegian nobles supported, fought and send troops to aid in the war.
  69. ^ Norwegian Catholic nobles supported Christian II.
  70. ^ Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001). A Concise History of Poland (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 9780521559171.
  71. ^ Liptai 1984, p. [page needed].
  72. ^ Koskinen, Ulla (2016). Aggressive and Violent Peasant Elites in the Nordic Countries, C. 1500–1700 (World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence) (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan (published 28 December 2016). p. 175. ISBN 978-3319406879.
  73. ^ Várkonyi, Ágnes (1999). Age of the Reforms. Magyar Könyvklub. ISBN 963-547-070-3.
  74. ^ "Jamtamot i Uppsala".
  75. ^ Hrushevsky (2003), pp. 327ff.
  76. ^ Kohn 2000, p. 186.
  77. ^ "Militaria – Hans Högman".
  78. ^ Consuls, Corsairs, and Commerce: The Swedish Consular Service and Long-distance Shipping, 1720–1815. Uppsala universitet. 22 April 2024. ISBN 978-91-554-6003-7.
  79. ^ Zentrale Für Unterrichtsmedien. "The Swedish-Russian War of 1788–1790". Zentrale Für Unterrichtsmedien. Zentrale Für Unterrichtsmedien (ZUM). Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  80. ^ "Tripolitan War". Encyclopedia.com (from The Oxford Companion to American Military History). 2000. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  81. ^ "War with the Barbary Pirates (Tripolitan War)". veteranmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  82. ^ Joseph Wheelan (21 September 2004). Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror 1801–1805. PublicAffairs. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-0-7867-4020-8. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  83. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2014). The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. p. 430. ISBN 978-1-59884-157-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  84. ^ "Militaria – Hans Högman".
  85. ^ Haskin 2005, pp. 24–5.
  86. ^ "ONUC – Facts and Figures". peacekeeping.un.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  87. ^ Nugent 2004, p. 97.
  88. ^ "Avlidna och stupade i utlandsstyrkan".
  89. ^ "News – Resolute Support Mission". Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  90. ^ "Taliban storm Kunduz city". The Long War Journal. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  91. ^ The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda Archived 17 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Long War Journal, 31 July 2015
  92. ^ "Al-Qaeda operates under Taliban protection: UN report | World News – India TV". 24 July 2021. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  93. ^ Rod Nordland (19 May 2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  94. ^ Rod Nordland; Jawad Sukhanyar; Taimoor Shah (19 June 2017). "Afghan Government Quietly Aids Breakaway Taliban Faction". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  95. ^ Matthew DuPée (January 2018). "Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  96. ^ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  97. ^ "Who is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?". Voanews.com. 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  98. ^ "ISIS 'OUTSOURCES' TERROR ATTACKS TO THE PAKISTANI TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN: U.N. REPORT". Newsweek. 15 August 2017. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  99. ^ "Report: Iran pays $1,000 for each U.S. soldier killed by the Taliban". NBC News. 9 May 2010. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  100. ^ Tabatabai, Ariane M. (9 August 2019). "Iran's cooperation with the Taliban could affect talks on U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  101. ^ Martinez, Luis (10 July 2020). "Top Pentagon officials say Russian bounty program not corroborated". ABC News. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  102. ^ Shams, Shamil (4 March 2020). "US-Taliban deal: How Pakistan's 'Islamist support' finally paid off". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  103. ^ Jamal, Umair (23 May 2020). "Understanding Pakistan's Take on India-Taliban Talks". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  104. ^ "Saudis Bankroll Taliban, Even as King Officially Supports Afghan Government". The New York Times. 12 June 2016. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  105. ^ "China offered Afghan militants bounties to attack US soldiers: reports". Deutsche Welle. 31 December 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  106. ^ Seldin, Jeff (18 November 2017). "Afghan Officials: Islamic State Fighters Finding Sanctuary in Afghanistan". VOA News. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  107. ^ Says, Battu; Adeel, Mirwais (31 March 2015). "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". The Khaama Press News Agency. khaama.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  108. ^ a b Dagher, Sam (21 June 2011). "Libya City Torn by Tribal Feud". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  109. ^ a b Von Rohr, Mathieu (26 July 2011). "Tribal Rivalries Complicate Libyan War". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  110. ^ a b "NTC asks NATO to extend Libya presence". Al Jazeera. 26 October 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  111. ^ a b "Libya's Mustafa Abdul Jalil asks Nato to stay longer". BBC. 26 October 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  112. ^ a b Black, Ian (26 October 2011). "Qatar admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  113. ^ "На решающий штурм Бени-Валида посылают афганских наемников -". argumentiru.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  114. ^ "Старший сын Каддафи утверждает, что в Триполи воюют подразделения НАТО и наемники". 23 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  115. ^ "Last Libyan Mission for Norway's F16S To Fly Tomorrow". Agenzia Giornalistica Italia. 29 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  116. ^ "Jordanian Fighters Protecting Aid Mission". The Jordan Times. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
  117. ^ "UAE Updates Support to UN Resolution 1973". Emirates News Agency. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  118. ^ Молдова продала оружие ливийским террористам Archived 14 April 2023 at the Wayback Machinepoint, 14 ноября 2013
  119. ^ Швейцарское оружие оказалось в руках ливийских повстанцев Archived 30 June 2021 at the Wayback MachineНаша газета, 29 июля 2011
  120. ^ "Libya's Tribal Politics Key to Gaddafi's Fate". Stabroek News. London. Reuters. 23 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  121. ^ "Is Libya's Gaddafi Turning to Foreign Mercenaries?". Reuters Africa. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  122. ^ "Mali fears as Tuaregs return from Libya". News24. Cape Town, South Africa. 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  123. ^ "Gadhafi Using Foreign Children As Mercenaries In Libya". NPR. 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  124. ^ Meo, Nick (27 February 2011). "African Mercenaries in Libya Nervously Await Their Fate". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  125. ^ Plasse, Stephanie (24 March 2011). "Libya: Gaddafi and His Mali-Chad Tuareg Mercenaries". Afrik News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  126. ^ a b "Les djihadistes s'emparent d'une ville à 400 km de Bamako" (in French). Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  127. ^ "MALI UPDATE 5: Burkina Faso, Nigeria to send troops to Mali". English.ahram.org.eg. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  128. ^ a b c "APA – Int'l Support Mission for Mali to begin operations on Friday". APA. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  129. ^ "Ghana agrees to send troops to Mali". Ghana Business News. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  130. ^ a b "Mali conflict: West African troops to arrive 'in days'". Mali conflict: West African troops to arrive 'in days'. 15 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  131. ^ "Ellen: Liberia Will Send Troops to Mali for Peace Mission – Heritage Newspaper Liberia". News.heritageliberia.net. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  132. ^ Irish, John (12 January 2013). "Niger says sending 500 soldiers to Mali operation". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  133. ^ a b Felix, Bate (11 January 2013). "Mali says Nigeria, Senegal, France providing help". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  134. ^ "Aid Pledged to Mali as More Troops Deploy". Wall Street Journal. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  135. ^ "Chad to send 2000 soldiers to Mali". Courier Mail. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  136. ^ "AU to hold donor conference on Mali intervention". Africa Review. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  137. ^ "WPR Article | Global Insider: Despite Early Successes, France's Mali Challenge is Long-Term". Worldpoliticsreview.com. 8 March 2004. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  138. ^ a b c "Five more African countries pledge to send troops into Mali: Nigerian minister". NZweek. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  139. ^ "Forces capture Gao rebel stronghold – World News". TVNZ. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  140. ^ "Chinese army soldiers conduct first mission as peacekeepers in Mali 1612131 – Army Recognition". Armyrecognition.com. 16 December 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  141. ^ "Bundeswehr in Mali: dangerous, but necessary? 29.01.2017". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  142. ^ "MINUSMA – MALI". Swedish Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  143. ^ "Estonian government approves sending 50 troops to French-led Mali mission". err.ee. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  144. ^ "Two Egyptian UN Peacekeepers Killed In Attack on Convoy in Mali West Africa". 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  145. ^ "300 British troops deploy to Mali on UN Peacekeeping Mission". UK Government – Ministry of Defence. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  146. ^ "Angola: Country Makes Progress in Implementing Vienna Declaration". allAfrica.com. 28 February 2013. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  147. ^ Metherell, Lexi (30 January 2013). "Australia Tips 10 million in to Mali Effort". ABC News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  148. ^ "World's most dangerous peacekeeping mission". bbc.com. 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  149. ^ "Regering keurt steun aan militaire interventie in Mali goed (Belgium sends transport planes, helicopters and military personnel)". De Standaard (in Dutch). 15 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  150. ^ "Canada sending C-17 transport plane to help allies in Mali". cbcnews.ca. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  151. ^ "Canadian special forces on the ground in Mali". National Post. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  152. ^ "Mali: Comoros backs military intervention in Mali". Afriquejet.com. 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  153. ^ "Czech government approved sending troops to Mali". aktuálně.cz. 6 February 2013. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  154. ^ "Danmark sender transportfly ind i kampene i Mali (Denmark confirms sending transport planes to Mali skirmish)". Politiken. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  155. ^ Denmark Confirms Sending Transport Planes to Mali Skirmish Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Politiken, 2013.
  156. ^ "EU dilemma over Malian armed forces training". Euronews. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013.
  157. ^ "Mali Crisis: EU troops begin training mission". BBC News. 2 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013.
  158. ^ "Germany pledges two transport planes for Mali". Agence France-Presse. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  159. ^ Germany pledges third transport plane, 20m dollars for Mali Archived 23 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian, Tuesday 29 January 2013
  160. ^ "Magyarország tíz kiképzővel járul hozzá a misszióhoz" (in Hungarian). kormany.hu. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013.
  161. ^ "Defense Minister says Hungary seeking involvement in Mali conflict". politics.hu. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  162. ^ "India pledges $100m for Mali reconstruction". The Times of India. 5 February 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  163. ^ "India's reaction to Mali conflict differs from Syrian, Libyan crises". The Times of India. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  164. ^ "India pledges $1 million to UN-backed mission to Mali". Live Mint. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  165. ^ "India pledges USD one million to UN-backed mission to Mali". The Economic Times. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  166. ^ "India supports efforts at restoring order in Mali". Newstrack India. 5 February 2013. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  167. ^ "Irish and British join forces in Mali mission". The Irish Times. January 1970. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  168. ^ Squires, Nick (16 January 2013). "Mali: Italy to offer France logistical support". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  169. ^ "Japan Offers New Aid to Mali, Sahel Region". Voice of America. 29 January 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  170. ^ "Hilfe für Mali zugesagt". Az.com.na. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 June 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  171. ^ "Nederlands transport voor Franse missie Mali". Nieuws.nl. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  172. ^ "Militari români, trimiși în misiunea din Mali" (in Romanian). Yahoo! România. 6 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013.
  173. ^ España confirma que intervendrá en Malí Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Cuartopoder, 2013.
  174. ^ Spain provides a transport plane. Archived 18 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. ABC, 2013.
  175. ^ "Mali aid offers pour in; Army chief sets sights on Timbuktu". Rappler.com. 23 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  176. ^ "UK troops to assist Mali operation to halt rebel advance". BBC. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  177. ^ "US provide French air transport in Mali". US to provide French air transport in Mali. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  178. ^ Par Europe1.fr avec AFP (8 April 2012). "Mali: nouveau groupe armé créé dans le Nord". Europe1.fr. Archived from the original on 8 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  179. ^ Felix, Bate; Diarra, Adama (10 April 2012), "New north Mali Arab force seeks to "defend" Timbuktu", Reuters, archived from the original on 15 June 2012
  180. ^ Ediciones El País (30 January 2013). "El Ejército francés se detiene ante Kidal, el feudo de la minoría tuareg de Malí". EL PAÍS. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  181. ^ "Gunfire breaks out as Tuareg rebels enter northern Mali city". montrealgazette.com. 31 March 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012. [dead link]
  182. ^ "Mali's Islamist conflict spreads as new militant group emerges". Reuters. 19 August 2015. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  183. ^ "Tuareg-jihadists alliance: Qaeda conquers more than half of Mali". middle-east-online.com. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  184. ^ "Islamist group claims responsibility for Mali attack that killed 5". reuters.com. 7 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  185. ^ a b Comolli (2015), pp. 28, 103, 171.
  186. ^ "MALI – MINUSMA". Försvarsmakten (in Swedish).

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Comolli, Virginia (2015). Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Croxton, Derek (2013). The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-33332-2.
  • Haskin, Jeanne M. (2005). The Tragic State of the Congo: From Decolonization to Dictatorship. New York: Algora Publishing. ISBN 0875864163.
  • Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; History in data; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (in German). Koehler&Amelang. ISBN 3-7338-0195-4.
  • Kohn, George C (2000). Seven Years War in Dictionary of Wars. Facts on File Inc. ISBN 978-0816041572.
  • Liptai, E. (1984), Magyarország hadtörténete [Military history of Hungary] (in Hungarian), vol. 1, Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó, ISBN 963-326-320-4
  • Nugent, Paul (2004). Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. New York: Palgrave-MacMillan. ISBN 9780333682739.
  • Olson, James S.; Roberts, Randy (2008). Where the Domino Fell: America and Vietnam 1945–1995 (5th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-8222-5.