José María San Martín

Jose Maria San Martín
Jose Maria San Martín
	Daguerreotype of San Martín taken in 1855
President of El Salvador
	In office; 30 January 1852 – 1 February 1852
Preceded by	Francisco Dueñas
Succeeded by	Francisco Dueñas
	In office; 15 February 1854 – 1 February 1856
Vice President	Mariano Hernández
Preceded by	Vicente Gómez
Succeeded by	Francisco Dueñas
Personal details
Born	29 March 1811; Nacaome, Honduras
Died	August 12, 1857 (aged 46); Chalatenango
Spouse	Isabel García de Machón
Profession	Politician, military officer

Jose Maria San Martín y Fugón (29 March 1811 – 12 August 1857) was a Central American military officer and politician who served as president of El Salvador in 1852, and again from 1854 – 1852.

Early life

Born to a Creole family in Nacaome, Honduras, was the son of Joaquina Fugón^[1] and the conservative politician Joaquín de San Martin y Ulloa, who was also the head of El Salvador. As a child, his family moved to the city of Chalatenango, El Salvador. He studied philosophy at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala but did not graduate. Instead he returned to El Salvador in 1829 where he later married Isabel García de Machón.^[2]

Political career

In 1832 he became a deputy in the parliament of the Province of El Salvador. In 1832 he was elected deputy of El Salvador. In 1834 he joined the army, the same date Joaquín de San Martin declared the separation of the state of El Salvador from the Federal Republic of Central America. Francisco Morazán, who then ruled the Federal Republic, sent troops to attack Joaquín de San Martín at the Jiboa River on June of 1834.^[3] After Morazán's victory, the San Martin family was exiled to Mexico.

José returned to El Salvador in 1840 and was drafted into the state army with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1842, he led an armed uprising against General Francisco Malespin, the military leader of the state. This rebellion failed and San Martin was exiled to Honduras.

He returned to El Salvador in 1845. On May 16, 1846, President Eugenio Aguilar appointed him Minister of Finance and, at the same time, Minister of Defense. San Martin served until September 19, 1847. Elected senator in 1850, he was chairman of the convocation (1851-1853). He served as provisional president of the country from January 30 to February 1, 1852. At the end of 1853, he was elected president of El Salvador, and took office on February 15, 1854.

On April 16, 1854, an earthquake completely destroyed the city of San Salvador.^[4] A commission had been made by the government on April 27, 1854, to identify a suitable relocation site for the city. On May 8, 1854 president San Martín traveled out of Cojutepeque in order to inspect the recommended site but it failed to meet his standards for the city. As a result, he created a new commission made up of several engineers and on June 4 they chose Santa Tecla.

On 14 February 1855, he decreed the creation of the department of Chalatenango. Isidro Menéndez instructed applicable laws of El Salvador to begin. Compared with the conservative government of José Rafael Carrera Turcios in Guatemala, behaved peacefully. In the cabinet of his successor in office of President, Rafael Campo, José María San Martín in 1856 was minister of war.

Death

On August 12, 1857, San Martin died from cholera morbus on his ranch, San Cristóbal. The contagion had been spread by soldiers returning from Nicaragua with Gerardo Barrios, who had disobeyed orders from president Campo to stay in Nicaragua.

References

^ http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20040822/opinion/opinion1.asp Archived 2012-06-04 at the Wayback Machine La Prensa Grafica, 22 August 2004, La distinguida genealogía de los San Martín
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2013-12-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Water Resources Assessment of El Salvador" (PDF). United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
^ Contreras, Callejas J. J, Cea C. M. Alvarado, and Angela M. Alvarado. Santa Tecla: Cronología. San Salvador, El Salvador: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2004. Print.

Political offices
Preceded by Francisco Dueñas	President of El Salvador 1852 (acting)	Succeeded by Francisco Dueñas
Preceded by Vicente Gómez (acting)	President of El Salvador 1854–1856	Succeeded by Francisco Dueñas (acting)

[1] ttp://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20040822/opinion/opinion1.asp Archived 2012-06-04 at the Wayback Machine La Prensa Grafica, 22 August 2004, La distinguida genealogía de los San Martín

[2] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2013-12-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[USACE-3] "Water Resources Assessment of El Salvador" (PDF). United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.

[4] Contreras, Callejas J. J, Cea C. M. Alvarado, and Angela M. Alvarado. Santa Tecla: Cronología. San Salvador, El Salvador: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2004. Print.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

v t e Heads of state of El Salvador
Post-independence (1821–1823)	Barriere Delgado Filísola Codallos Consultive Junta^‡ Prado^†
Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)	J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán^† J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar^† G. Salazar^† Escolán^† Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas^† Morazán Silva^† Cañas^† Ramírez^† Lindo^†
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo^† Arce^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán D. Villacorta^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán C. Molina^† Arce^† C. Molina^† Arce^† Palacios^† Malespín Palacios^† J. E. Guzmán Palacios^† Aguilar Palacios^† Aguilar Medina^† Quirós^† Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez^† Vasconcelos Dueñas^† Quirós^† Dueñas J. M. San Martín^† Dueñas V. Gómez^† J. M. San Martín Dueñas^† Campo Dueñas^† Campo Zepeda^† Santín Barrios^† Santín J. E. Guzmán^† Peralta^† Barrios Dueñas González Méndez^† González del Valle Zaldívar Guirola^† Zaldívar Figueroa^† Rosales^† F. Menéndez C. Ezeta A. Ezeta^† Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez^† Quiñónez^† C. Meléndez Quiñónez^† J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1979)	Civic Directory^‡ Hernández Martínez^† A. Menéndez^† Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez^† Aguirre^† Castaneda Revolutionary Council of Government^‡ Osorio Lemus Junta of Government^‡ Civic-Military Directory^‡ Cordón^† Rivera F. Sánchez A. Molina C. Romero
Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)	Revolutionary Government Junta^‡ Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Flores Saca Funes S. Sánchez Bukele C. Rodríguez^†
^† – Acting or provisional president ^‡ – Military junta

v t e Presidents of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
1800s	Hoyos Cornejo Mencía V. Rodríguez Blanco Paiz Mencía Zelaya Aguilar A. Morales San Martín Bonilla Dueñas Hernández Gómez Cabañas Gallardo Quirós S. González Chacón Gallardo Zaldívar Gallardo Chacón Zaldívar Campo Vasconcelos Larreynaga Fallos Valle Castro G. López D. López Vides Moreno Guirola Alvarado Galindo Ruíz Valle Larreynaga Pacas Pineda Vaquero Arce Durán A. Castro Pinto Medina Arriola Fallos Interiano Romero Aráuz
1900s	Arriola R. García Aráuz Novoa Mejía Aráuz R. García Martínez Pinto Novoa Meléndez F. García Batres Falla Parker M. Castro D. González J. Rodríguez F. López F. Reyes Olano Villacorta R. Morales Cierra F. Reyes Rivas Galindo Peralta Carmona Esquivel Cordón Guerrero Guardado Guerra R. Rodríguez Echeverría D'Aubuisson Castillo Guevara Alvarenga Angulo Salguero Flores Duch
2000s	Zepeda Araujo Zepeda Orellana Zepeda S. Reyes Peña Mendoza Gallegos Quijano Ponce E. Castro