Ereğli, Konya

Ereğli
Ereğli
District and municipality
	Kwangjin Park in Ereğli
	Map showing Ereğli District in Konya Province
	Ereğli Location in Turkey Ereğli Ereğli (Turkey Central Anatolia)
	Coordinates: 37°30′46″N 34°02′54″E / 37.51278°N 34.04833°E
Country	Turkey
Province	Konya
Government
• Mayor	Ümit Akpınar (CHP)
• Kaymakam	Oğuz Cem Murat
Area	2,214 km2 (855 sq mi)
Elevation	1,038 m (3,406 ft)
Population (2022)	150,978
• Density	68/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Area code	0332
Website	www.eregli.bel.tr

Ereğli is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey.^[2] Its area is 2,214 km²,^[3] and its population is 150,978 (2022).^[1] Its elevation is 1,038 m (3,406 ft).^[4]

History

The ancient town of Heraclea Cybistra (Ηράκλεια Κυβίστρα in Ancient Greek) was located here, and gave its name (Heracles) to the modern town. The town had some importance in Hellenistic times owing to its position near the point where the road to the Gülek Pass (Cilician Gates) enters the hills. It lay in the way of armies and was more than once sacked by the Arab invaders of Asia Minor (AD 805 and 832). During the Crusade of 1101 it was the scene of a failed battle of 15,000 men led by William II, Count of Nevers against the Seljuks, which left the Crusaders weak en route to Antioch.^[5] It became Turkish (Seljuk) in the 11th century.

İvriz relief, near Ereğli. It depicts the late 8th-century BC king Warpalawas and the storm-god Tarhunzas, with a hieroglyphic Luwian inscription.

Ereğli is also known for being the first capital of the Karaman Beylik founded by Nur Sufi Bey. The Karaman state was renowned for being a consistent nuisance to Ottoman dominance in Anatolia, being one of the few Anatolian beyliks to retain sovereignty well past Mehmed the Conqueror's conquest of Constantinople. It was also the first political entity and beylik in Anatolia to proclaim Turkish as an official language alongside Arabic and Persian. In 1553, upon return from a campaign in Persia, Suleiman the Magnificent had his son, Şehzade Mustafa, killed in the Ereğli valley where the Ottoman Army was stationed. Modern Ereğli had grown from a large village to a town since the railway reached it from Konya and Karaman in 1904; and it has now hotels and thriving businesses.

Archaeology

Three hours’ ride south is the famous "Hittite" rock relief of a lynx, representing a king (probably of neighbouring Tyana) adoring a god. This was the first "Hittite" monument discovered in modern times (early 18th century, by the Swede Otter, an emissary of Louis XIV).

Ereğli may be the location of the Hittite town of Hupisna (Ḫupišna), where the goddess Ḫuwaššanna was worshipped. She was linked with Gazbaba, a Mesopotamian love goddess also connected with Inanna.

In the early Iron Age, Hupisna also was a neo-Hittite polity in the land of Tabal. Two kings of Hupisna are known from the Assyrian sources: Puḫamme (c. 837 BC) and Urimme (c. 738 BC).^[6]^[7]

Composition

There are 87 neighbourhoods in Ereğli District:^[8]

500 Evler
Acıkuyu
Acıpınar
Adabağ
Akhüyük
Alhan
Alpaslan
Aşağıgöndelen
Aşıklar
Atakent
Aydınlar
Aziziye
Bahçeli
Barbaros
Batıalagözü
Belceağaç
Belkaya
Beyköy
Beyören
Boyacıali
Bulgurluk
Burhaniye
Büyükdede
Cahı
Çakmak
Camikebir
Çayhan
Çiller
Çimencik
Cinler
Çömlekçi
Dalmaz
Doğualagözlü
Eti
Fatih
Gaybi
Gökçeyazı
Göktöme
Gülbahçe
Hacımemiş
Hacımustafa
Hacımutahir
Hamidiye
Hıdırlı
Hortu
Kamışlıkuyu
Karaburun
Kargacı
Kazancı
Kızılgedik
Kuskuncuk
Kutören
Kuzukuyu
Mehmet Akif
Mellicek
Mimar Sinan
Namık Kemal
Orhangazi
Orhaniye
Özgürler
Pınarözü
Pirömer
Sarıca
Sarıtopallı
Selçuklu
Servili
Şinasi
Sümer
Talatpaşa
Taşağıl
Taşbudak
Tatlıkuyu
Toros
Türbe
Türkmen
Üçgöz
Ulumeşe
Yazlık
Yellice
Yenibağlar
Yeniköy
Yıldırımbeyazıt
Yıldızlı
Yukarıgöndelen
Yunuslu
Zengen
Ziya Gökalp

Climate

Ereğli has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk),^[9] with hot, dry summers, and cold winters.

Climate data for Ereğli, Konya (1991–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	5.9 (42.6)	8.1 (46.6)	13.4 (56.1)	18.7 (65.7)	23.9 (75.0)	28.6 (83.5)	32.3 (90.1)	32.2 (90.0)	28.0 (82.4)	21.6 (70.9)	13.7 (56.7)	7.6 (45.7)	19.6 (67.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.3 (32.5)	2.0 (35.6)	6.9 (44.4)	11.8 (53.2)	16.6 (61.9)	20.9 (69.6)	24.2 (75.6)	23.8 (74.8)	19.4 (66.9)	13.7 (56.7)	6.7 (44.1)	2.1 (35.8)	12.4 (54.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−4.0 (24.8)	−3.1 (26.4)	0.8 (33.4)	5.1 (41.2)	9.4 (48.9)	13.2 (55.8)	15.7 (60.3)	15.3 (59.5)	11.0 (51.8)	6.4 (43.5)	0.8 (33.4)	−2.2 (28.0)	5.7 (42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	33.11 (1.30)	28.31 (1.11)	33.91 (1.34)	37.02 (1.46)	34.15 (1.34)	26.1 (1.03)	6.46 (0.25)	5.1 (0.20)	10.36 (0.41)	22.11 (0.87)	29.26 (1.15)	39.58 (1.56)	305.47 (12.03)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	5.8	5.4	6.1	6.7	6.0	3.9	1.9	1.6	2.5	3.6	4.7	6.4	54.6
Average relative humidity (%)	77.0	71.4	62.4	58.3	57.0	52.0	45.2	47.1	51.9	61.0	70.1	77.4	60.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours	98.8	128.5	183.9	224.4	278.1	325.4	361.4	343.3	282.2	209.1	144.2	91.4	2,670.7
Source: NOAA^[10]

Transportation

Ereğli Gar is the railway station of the town. Once served by several train lines that have destinations to Istanbul, İzmir and Konya, the station is currently served by Mainline / Toros Ekspresi only, which connects Ereğli to Adana and Karaman.^{[citation needed]}

Notable residents

Nimet Çubukçu, former Minister of National Education of Turkey.
Ali Talip Özdemir, former head of the Motherland Party (ANAP)
Şehzade Mustafa, heir to the Ottoman throne who was killed in the Ereğli valley
Volkan Ş. Ediger (born 1953), is a scientist, writer and bureaucrat.

International relations

Ereğli is twinned with:

Hydra, Greece (since 1996)^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Ereğli, Turkey". Retrieved 26 September 2023.
^ Richard, Jean (16 September 1999). The Crusades, C. 1071-c. 1291. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-521-62566-1.
^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 153, 271.
^ Christian Marek, Peter Frei: Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike. München 2010, p. 802.
^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ereğli". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-15. Retrieved 2013-08-25.

External links

District governor's official website (in Turkish)
District Municipality's official website (in Turkish)

[tuik-1] "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[2] Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[3] "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[4] Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Ereğli, Turkey". Retrieved 26 September 2023.

[5] Richard, Jean (16 September 1999). The Crusades, C. 1071-c. 1291. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-521-62566-1.

[6] Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 153, 271.

[7] Christian Marek, Peter Frei: Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike. München 2010, p. 802.

[8] Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[9] "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.

[WMONormals-10] "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ereğli". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2024.

[Greek_twinnings-11] "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-15. Retrieved 2013-08-25.

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