Draft:Njemica pit
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|  |
| Njemica | |
|---|---|
| Jama Njemica | |
  | |
| Coordinates | 43°18′30″N 17°04′40″E / 43.3083°N 17.0777°E |
| Depth | -934 m |
| Elevation | 1367 m |
| Entrances | 1 |
| Access | Restricted, experienced cavers only |
Njemica pit[1][2] (Croatian: Jama Njemica) is a deep pit located in the Biokovo mountain. Currently it is the deepest known pit of the Biokovo mountain and the 5th deepest pit in Croatia[3] at -934 meters deep. Its entrance is located near the peak Bukov vrh at 1367 m.a.s.l.
It is characterized by spacious chambers, long pitches (vertical drops) and numerous overhangs (the largest being 50 meters tall).
Naming
[edit]The translation of the pit name would be: German woman.
History
[edit]The entrance to the pit was first discovered by Zvonko Glibota and Ante Ćapin.
The initial descent into the pit was undertaken by Zvonko Glibota and Paško Visković in the spring of 2017. Their exploration was cut short when they encountered a constriction in the meander at a depth of approximately 90 meters.
Further exploration was deferred until the summer of 2019. During this time, numerous single-day and multi-day expeditions enabled the cavers to reach a depth of nearly 400 meters. At this depth, they arrived at the hall known as Velika dvorana and established a bivouac for ongoing expeditions.
From then until mid-autumn of 2020., several expeditions involved a broad array of cavers from Croatia and abroad. These efforts led to reaching the deepest known part of the pit, at a depth of -934 meters, which concluded in a sump.
As of the latest updates, the sump at the bottom has not been passed. A cave-diving expedition is scheduled for the summer of 2024.
Caving clubs involved in the exploration
[edit]Croatia:
[edit]- SAK Ekstrem
- SO HPD Biokovo
- SO HPD Mosor
- SO HPK Sv. Mihovil
- SO HPD Željezničar
- Breganja
- Speleološki klub Ozren Lukić
- SD Špiljar
- SO PDS Velebit
Bulgaria:
[edit]- Pod Rb
Pit morphology
[edit]The pit is characterized by spacious halls and large vertical drops. The entrance is 5 m × 3 m and is immediately followed by a 82 meter drop.
| Original name | Translated name | Height |
|---|---|---|
| Ulazna vertikala | Entrance drop | 87 m |
| Velika vertikala | Big drop | 92 m |
| Bugari ušli u Njemicu | Bulgarians entered the Njemica | 160 m |
| Original name | Translated name | Depth | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rigoleto meandar | Puke meander | 170 m | |
| Velika dvorana | Great hall | 396 m | A bivouac is located at the south-eastern end of the hall |
| Donji grad | Lower city | 569 m | |
| Ledena dvorana | Icy hall | 650 m |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Kurečić, Tomislav; Hajek-Tadesse, Valentina; Wacha, Lara; Horvat, Marija; Trinajstić, Nina; Mišur, Ivan; Visković, Paško; Šarc, Filip; Jalžić, Branko; Belak, Filip; Rossi, Nicola; Rubić, Darko; Radanović, Matej; Zrna, Zoran (2022). "Klastični sedimenti i sub-recentna mikrofauna s dna jame Njemice (Biokovo, Hrvatska)" (in Croatian): 44–45.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Visković, Paško (2020-12-21). "Njemica - Najdublja jama Biokova". Subterranea Croatica (in Croatian). 18 (2): 2–14. ISSN 1334-5281.
- ^ "Najdublji i najdulji speleološki objekti u Hrvatskoj". HPS.hr. Retrieved 2024-07-18.