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Declaration of 1 November 1954

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Declaration of 1 November 1954
AuthorMohamed Aïchaoui
LanguageFrench, Arabic
SubjectIndependence of Algeria from France
Publisher
Publication date
1 November 1954
Publication placeFrench Algeria
Media typeManifesto / Declaration of independence
Pages2

The Declaration of 1 November 1954[a] is the first independentist appeal addressed by the National Liberation Front (FLN) to the Algerian people, marking the start of the Algerian Revolution and the armed action of the National Liberation Army (ALN).[1][2]

Historical context

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Main article: Algerian nationalism
See also: Algerian People's Party, Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties, and Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action

When the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD) organized its congress in April 1953, the independence option was decided, but the date for the hasty announcement of the insurrection had not yet been set.[3][4][5]

Writing

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It was journalist Mohamed Aïchaoui who was entrusted with the task of writing the revolutionary declaration under the supervision of the two leaders Mohamed Boudiaf and Mourad Didouche of the Group of Six.[6][7]

Impression

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The leaflets for this proclamation were drawn in the house of activist Ali Zamoum located in the village of Ighil Imoula in Great Kabylia.[8][9]

Distribution

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These sheets were then put in briefcases and suitcases to be sent to their destinations in Algeria and abroad.[10][11]

Presentation and analysis

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Flag map of Algeria

This declaration aimed at Algerian national independence by:[12][13]

  1. The restoration of the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian state within the framework of Islamic principles.[14][15]
  2. Respect for all fundamental freedoms without distinction of race or religion.[16][17]

Indoor goals

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  1. Political cleansing by putting the National Revolutionary Movement back on its true path and thereby annihilating all the vestiges of corruption and reformism, the cause of Algeria's current regression.[18][19]
  2. Gathering and organization of all the healthy energies of the Algerian people for the liquidation of the colonial system.[20][21]

External objectives

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  1. Internationalization of the Algerian problem.[22][23]
  2. Achievement of North African unity in its natural Arab-Islamic framework.[24][25]
  3. Within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations, affirmation of Algerian sympathy towards all nations which would support the liberating action.[26][27]

Means of struggle

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In accordance with revolutionary principles and taking into account internal and external situations, the continuation of the struggle by all means until the goal of independence is achieved.[28]

To achieve these objectives, the National Liberation Front will have two essential tasks to carry out simultaneously: internal action, both politically and in terms of its action, and external action in order to deal with the Algerian cause which will be a reality for the whole world with the support of all natural allies of Algerians.[29]

This is an overwhelming task which requires the mobilization of all national energies and resources. It is true, the struggle will be long but the outcome is certain.[30]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Arabic: بيان أول نوفمبر 1954; French: Déclaration du 1er novembre 1954

References

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  1. ^ "1er novembre 1954 : le texte intégral de la déclaration du Secrétariat général du FLN – Jeune Afrique". October 31, 2014. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  2. ^ "Proclamation du premier novembre 1954 – Algeria-Watch". Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  3. ^ "La Révolution du 1er novembre 1954, un affront pour la France orgueilleuse". Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  4. ^ "Selon les historiens : "L'appel du 1er Novembre 1954, un document politique essentiel"". Djazairess.
  5. ^ Stora, Benjamin (March 6, 1983). "La différenciation entre le F.L.N. et le courant messaliste (été 1954-décembre 1955)". Cahiers de la Méditerranée. 26 (1): 15–82. doi:10.3406/camed.1983.937. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021 – via www.persee.fr.
  6. ^ "Déclaration du 1er novembre 54, un document fondateur". Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  7. ^ "1er Novembre 1954 : ses vrais initiateurs et… les autres: Toute l'actualité sur liberte-algerie.com". www.liberte-algerie.com/. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  8. ^ "Ighil Imoula : Lieu d'impression de la proclamation du 1er Novembre 1954 | El Watan".[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ Arab, Hacène (June 30, 2015). "Naissance d'un texte fondateur1 La Proclamation du Premier novembre 1954". aleph-alger2.edinum.org:443. Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  10. ^ "A l'origine du 1er Novembre 1954, l'événement fondateur de la République : Ses vrais initiateurs, ses faits d'armes | El Watan". Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  11. ^ "Forum de la mémoire à Ighil Imoula (Tizi Ouzou) : Les familles Ali Mellah et Ali Zammoum honorées - Nation". El Moudjahid.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "Guerre d'Algérie, le long travail de mémoire. La proclamation du FLN du 1er novembre 1954". La Croix. November 1, 2014. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06 – via www.la-croix.com.
  13. ^ "La guerre d'Algérie (1954-1962)". LExpress.fr. March 19, 2014. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  14. ^ "Forum de la Mémoire d'El Moudjahid , Lecture de la Proclamation du Premier Novembre 1954 : Un texte de référence - Algerie360". www.algerie360.com. November 1, 2016. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  15. ^ https://ouvrages.crasc.dz/pdfs/2017_fouad_soufi_1er_novembre.pdf Archived 2021-10-31 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
  16. ^ "1er novembre 1954 - "Toussaint rouge" en Algérie - Herodote.net". www.herodote.net. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  17. ^ "EasyClap ≡ Hotspot for arts". www.babelmed.net. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  18. ^ "1er novembre 1954 : le début de la guerre d'Algérie". October 31, 2017. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  19. ^ "La proclamation du 1er Novembre 1954 | Ministère de la communication". www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz. Archived from the original on 2022-08-03. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  20. ^ Vince, Charlène; Linternaute.com, Mis à jour le 10/11/20 09:12 (29 November 2022). "Guerre d'Algérie : résumé de la guerre d'indépendance de 1954 à 1962". www.linternaute.fr. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Ageron, Charles-Robert (2005). "Aux origines de la Toussaint 1954". Histoire du Maghreb: 501–516. ISBN 978-9961-9662-7-3. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  22. ^ "La proclamation du 1er novembre 1954". Le Monde.fr. November 2, 1974. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021 – via Le Monde.
  23. ^ "Proclamation du 1er novembre 1954 : Le fondement de l'État-nation". www.horizons.dz.
  24. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2021-03-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ^ "Il y a 60 ans, en Algérie, le FLN "allume la mèche"". Libération. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  26. ^ "Que savez-vous sur la Déclaration du 1er Novembre ? | el Watan". Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  27. ^ "1er novembre 1954 : le début de la guerre d'Algérie". LExpress.fr. October 27, 1994. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  28. ^ "Proclamation du 1er novembre : Un document de consensus - Histoire". El Moudjahid.[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ "Préparation du 1er Novembre 1954 par MOHAMED BOUDIAF". POPULI-SCOOP. March 6, 2021. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  30. ^ Agnecy, Net Design. "66ème anniversaire du déclenchement de la guerre de libération nationale *** المجد و الخلود لشهدئنا الأبرار***". xn--66me-6oa. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)[permanent dead link]

Further reading

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