Jump to content

Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign

Add links
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dan Quayle 2000
Campaign2000 United States presidential election
CandidateDan Quayle
44th Vice President of the United States
(1989–1993)
AffiliationRepublican Party
StatusDropped out on September 28, 1999
AnnouncedJanuary 21, 1999
(Exploratory committee)
April 14, 1999
Website
www.quayle.org
(archived – Feb. 8, 1999)

The 2000 presidential campaign of Dan Quayle, former vice president of the United States, began with an announcement on January 21, 1999 that he was forming an exploratory committee. Several months later, on April 14, he officially announced his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination. Dan Quayle had been an elected member of Congress since 1977, and he was George H. W. Bush's running mate in his successful 1988 presidential campaign, serving as vice president from 1989 to 1993, losing reelection in 1992. Throughout his time in government, he was considered a staunch conservative who was especially popular among the Christian right, but several gaffes during his vice presidency had damaged his reputation among the general public. Though he had initially considered running for president in 1996, he ultimately passed on this.

In the years leading up to the 2000 presidential election, multiple news sources speculated that Quayle might run, and during the 1998 midterm elections, he campaigned for numerous Republican candidates. However, when Quayle announced the formation of an exploratory committee in early 1999, political analysts were skeptical of his chances of winning, citing his image issues and the popularity of George W. Bush (son of former President Bush). Opinion polling throughout the campaign seemed to confirm this, as he usually polled in the single-digits, far behind the frontrunner Bush.

Quayle made family values and his foreign policy experience a keystone of his campaign and attacked the Bill Clinton administration on both fronts repeatedly, while on specific policy proposals, he emphasized his plan for a 30 percent tax cut across the board. However, Quayle continued to trail other Republican candidates in both fundraising and support, and by August, numerous news sources were reporting that a poor performance in the Iowa Straw Poll could be disastrous for his campaign. Quayle finished eighth in the straw poll and a little over a month later, on September 28, Quayle withdrew from the race, citing a lack of funds and low polling numbers. The following year, Quayle endorsed Bush, who went on to win the general election.

Background

[edit]
A colored photograph of a man, Dan Quayle, wearing a suit
Official government photo of Dan Quayle, 1989
Main article: Dan Quayle

James Danforth Quayle was born in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1947.[1] He attended college at DePauw University and Indiana University Indianapolis, during which time he also served as a member of the Indiana National Guard.[1] In 1974, the same year he graduated, he was admitted to the bar and began practicing law in Huntington, Indiana.[1] In 1976, he was elected as a member of the Republican Party to the United States House of Representatives, a position he would hold until being elected to the United States Senate in 1980.[1] During the 1988 United States presidential election, he was chosen as the running mate of eventual winner George H. W. Bush, with Quayle sworn in as Vice President of the United States in 1989.[1] However, Bush and Quayle lost reelection in the 1992 presidential election.[1]

As an elected official, Quayle was a staunch conservative,[2] appealing to the Christian right and positioning himself as a Reagan Republican.[3] Despite his electoral successes at a young age (being elected as a representative at 29 and vice president at 41), he lacked significant support from Republican leaders.[3] In a 1999 article in The Washington Post, journalist David Von Drehle stated that Quayle "was never the darling of the party core".[3] His selection as Bush's running mate was questioned by some within the party, and his numerous gaffes damaged his political reputation.[3][4][5] Following his term as vice president, Quayle considered running for president in the 1996 presidential election, going so far as establishing an exploratory committee and raising money through a political action committee (PAC) in late 1994.[6] However, he withdrew from the race in February 1995.[7] Prior to his withdrawal, The New York Times had labeled Quayle as "the most popular candidate among religious conservatives", and Executive Director Ralph Reed of the Christian Coalition of America stated that many of his group's members "felt an almost bottomless well of admiration" for Quayle.[7]

Speculation

[edit]

In the years leading up to the 2000 presidential election, news sources began to speculate that Quayle would again attempt a run for the presidency.[8][9] In May 1997, The Washington Post reported that Quayle's political group Campaign America (a PAC he had inherited from President Bush)[10] had relocated its headquarters to near Phoenix, Arizona in order to be located closer to the strategically important state of California, where Quayle had been developing support.[11] Quayle had also been active in campaigning for Republican candidates in elections across the United States, such as in the Virginia's gubernatorial election and in New Mexico's 3rd congressional district special election,[11] and he made numerous speeches and appearances at events nationwide.[10] However, at the time, opinion polls still placed Quayle behind other potential candidates including Texas Governor George W. Bush (son of former President Bush)[12] and retired General Colin Powell.[11] In late February and early March 1998, Quayle participated in the Southern Republican Leadership Conference in Biloxi, Mississippi,[13] but in the straw poll conducted there, he came in third place behind Bush (who did not attend the conference) and businessman Steve Forbes.[14] During the 1998 elections, Quayle visited 35 states and made 175 campaign visits,[15] while his PAC raised $6 million for Republican candidates.[16] In addition, former New Hampshire Governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu remained a firm supporter of Quayle, having previously supported him during his tentative 1996 run.[17] On December 30 of that year, Senator John McCain of Arizona became the first Republican to officially declare his candidacy when he filed to create an exploratory committee that day.[18]

Exploratory committee

[edit]

On January 21, 1999, while on CNN's Larry King Live, Quayle announced his intention to run for president.[2][12][19] The same night, he sent out a press release from the "Quayle 2000 Exploratory Committee" that outlined some of his policy proposals and attacked "liberal Republicans".[12] He also directed an attack towards George W. Bush by saying that he had ordered his staff to never use the phrase "compassionate conservative" (a slogan Bush had embraced),[20] arguing that the "silly and insulting term was created by liberal Republicans and is nothing more than code for surrendering our values and principles".[21] However, Quayle stopped short of attacking any candidates by name, referencing an adherence he had to the Eleventh Commandment.[22] Among his proposals was a 30 percent tax cut across the board.[2] Quayle stated that he would make a formal announcement on February 3,[12] by which time he would have filed an official statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission (FEC).[21] Speaking to Larry King, he said his goal was to raise $20 million (equivalent to $36.6 million in 2020) for the campaign.[21][16]

A color photograph of two men, Dan Quayle and George H. W. Bush, standing next to each other
Quayle served as vice president for President George H. W. Bush (left), who supported his son over Quayle in the 2000 election.[23]

The day after this announcement, Quayle spoke at the annual meeting of the Conservative Political Action Conference.[16][19] Commenting on the announcement, political analyst Stuart Rothenberg said, "On one level he isn't the joke some people make him out to be, and on a personal level he is liked by Republicans, has the ability to raise money and appeals to social conservatives. But his big problem is the problem. I don't think there are enough Republicans who take him seriously as someone who can get the nomination and be elected President."[21] Additional concern came from Quayle's former chief of staff, Bill Kristol, who questioned if Quayle could overcome his public image issues that had plagued his vice presidency.[24] Addressing analysts who claimed his campaign was a longshot, Quayle said, "I want to be president. I love proving people wrong, and I'm going to do it again."[24] King, in a somewhat double-edged comment, told Quayle, "You're not a joke like you once were".[4] In a more positive review, Ralph Reed stated that Quayle had name brand recognition and could be underestimated in the campaign.[20]

On January 28, Quayle filed with the FEC to officially form an exploratory committee.[25] On February 3, before an audience in Indianapolis, Quayle announced that he had established an exploratory committee.[26] In the proceeding weeks, he traveled to numerous spots around the country on a campaign tour,[26] including New Hampshire, which holds the first primaries in the nation.[27] That same month, he talked to former President Bush about the campaign and said that the former president was going to support his son in the election, which Quayle said was understandable.[23] On March 19, Quayle criticized President Bill Clinton and his administration's relationship with China at a speech given to the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, which The Washington Post called "the first foreign policy speech" of his campaign.[28] Through April, however, Quayle continued to poll in the single digits.[4][3] On April 8, Reuters reported that Quayle's campaign had raised over $2 million, placing him behind Bush and McCain (who had raised approximately $7 million and $4 million, respectively), but ahead of candidate Gary Bauer, who had raised about $1.4 million.[29] According to Sununu, former President Bush's support of his son significantly helped his fundraising at Quayle's expense.[30]

Campaign developments

[edit]

Announcement

[edit]

On April 14, 1999, at a speech in front of about 5,000 attendees at Huntington North High School in Huntington County, Indiana, Quayle officially announced his candidacy.[31] During the speech, he touted his 30 percent tax cut proposal and his executive experience while criticizing the "dishonest decade of Bill Clinton and Al Gore".[31][32][33][note 1] He also made veiled attacks at George W. Bush, saying, "We don't need another President who needs on-the-job training" and "The Presidency is not to be inherited".[32] He also announced that former Senator Dan Coats of Indiana would serve as his campaign's national chairman.[33]

Campaign activities

[edit]

On May 7, CNN reported that the Quayle campaign had spent roughly $26,000 (one of their largest expenditures) setting up the campaign's website.[35] On May 19, Quayle gave a speech at the Commonwealth Club of California where he spoke in favor of family values in light of violent events involving young Americans, such as the recent Columbine High School massacre.[36] Quayle blamed the "legal aristocracy" on what he called a decline in morals and emphasized that, while he supported measures such as raising the legal age for purchasing some firearms from 18 to 21, he was more concerned with changes to American culture.[37] Quayle also continued to emphasize his experience in foreign policy, criticizing the Clinton administration's actions in the Yugoslav Wars and their interactions with China.[38] Both foreign policy and family values would remain a keystone of Quayle's campaign.[39][40] By the end of May, Quayle had recruited former Senator Mack Mattingly of Georgia to head his campaign.[41] However, the Quayle campaign was still failing to gain traction, with a Gallup Poll released in early June showing him polling at 9 percent, 37 percent below Bush.[42] Bush remained the frontrunner, despite not having formally declared his candidacy yet.[43] That same month, Quayle appeared on CBS This Morning where he claimed that, despite Bush's lead, he expected to beat him in both the Iowa caucuses and New Hampshire primaries.[44] Quayle would continue to attack Bush,[45] and in particular his "compassionate conservative" slogan, arguing instead for "real compassion" that his campaign offered.[46] By mid-June, Bush had officially declared his candidacy, which CNN reported had "[left] other hopefuls scrambling".[47] Meanwhile, Quayle's campaign faced some instability issues after national co-chairman Kirk Fordice, a former governor of Mississippi, resigned following revelations that Fordice was engaged in an extramarital affair.[48] In a poll collected on June 27, Bush placed first with 59 percent, followed by what CNN called a "four-way tie" with Elizabeth Dole (8 percent), Forbes, Quayle (both 6 percent), and McCain (5 percent).[49] The following day, Quayle spoke in Washington, D.C. before the American Enterprise Institute.[50] Additionally, in July, he released a book, published by Word Publishing, that outlined many of his policy proposals, Worth Fighting For.[51] Also, on July 22, he appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[52]

Iowa Straw Poll

[edit]

By August, multiple news sources were stating that performing well in the Iowa Straw Poll, held on August 14,[53] was crucial to Quayle's continuing candidacy.[note 2] By August 9, Quayle had spent 39 days campaigning in the state,[54] and he had attacked the Clinton administration's agriculture policies while campaigning in the largely agricultural state.[58] Quayle, however, downplayed the importance of the poll and compared it to a political machine, where candidates "buy votes".[53][59] Quayle also stated that he would continue his campaign regardless of his finish in the poll.[57] On August 11, in an opinion poll conducted prior to the straw poll, Quayle received 5 percent of the vote, behind Bush (37 percent), Forbes (14.6 percent), and Dole (9 percent).[60] The straw poll results were worse for Quayle, as they saw him finish in eighth place and behind several other conservative candidates.[61] In total, he gathered 916 votes for 4 percent of the total, compared to Bush, the winner, who gathered 7,418 votes for 31 percent of the total.[62] Following the straw poll, numerous news sources began to report that Quayle's campaign would be significantly hurt by the results, while Bush had solidified his frontrunner status.[63][64][65][66] Kristol stated, "I think he should get out [of the race]. He's a good man, and he's served the country well, but it'd be better for him to get out now than to soldier on."[67] However, Quayle remained in the race and continued to downplay the straw poll, stating in one interview that he participated "out of respect to the Iowa Republican Party".[68] As late as September 9, journalist Adam Nagourney of The New York Times stated that Quayle receiving the Republican nomination remained "a realistic goal, if admittedly a difficult one".[69] Meanwhile, Representative Roscoe Bartlett, who had just taken over as head of Quayle's campaign operations in Maryland, called his task in the campaign either "a profile in courage or an act of stupidity".[70]

Withdrawal

[edit]

On September 27, despite continued campaigning, multiple sources reported that, according to some of his advisors, Quayle was planning to drop out of the race.[note 3] By this point in the race, Bush had firmly established himself as the frontrunner and had raised over $50 million compared to Quayle's $3.4 million.[5] The following day, at a ballroom in the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in Phoenix, Quayle announced an end to his candidacy, citing a lack of funds and support.[75] While he did not offer an endorsement for any other candidates, he stated his intent to help whoever gained the Republican nomination to succeed.[75] On October 5, he appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman, where he stated that he would be uninterested in becoming the Republican nominee's running mate.[76] By 2000, Quayle had endorsed George W. Bush,[77] who would go on to win the election and be inaugurated as president in 2001.[78]

Quayle would be the last former Vice President until Mike Pence in 2024 to not receive their party's nomination.

Aftermath

[edit]

In 1999, the same year Bloomberg News reports that Quayle "left politics", he joined the private-equity firm Cerberus Capital Management.[79] In 2001, The New York Times speculated that Quayle might run in the 2002 Arizona gubernatorial election, though he later declined.[80] Talking about the campaign in 2020, Quayle stated that it had been "bad luck" and "bad timing" that he had run at the same time that George W. Bush did.[81] As of 2021, he is the chairman of the global investments branch of Cerberus.[82]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Journalist Christopher Caldwell stated that the "dishonest decade" is an allusion to a line from the poem "September 1, 1939" by W. H. Auden.[34]
  2. ^ Sources included CNN,[54][55] The Guardian,[56] the San Francisco Chronicle,[57] and The Washington Post.[39]
  3. ^ Sources included BBC News,[5] the Chicago Tribune,[71] the New York Post,[72] The New York Times,[73] and the San Francisco Chronicle.[74]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "QUAYLE, James Danforth (Dan)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Government Publishing Office. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021 – via United States House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.
  2. ^ a b c Kettle, Martin (January 21, 1999). "Quayle to take on Bush junior in race for presidency". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Von Drehle, David (April 14, 1999). "Quayle: President in His Own Mirror". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Henneberger, Melinda (April 4, 1999). "Starting Over". The New York Times Magazine. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "Quayle to bow out". BBC News. BBC. September 27, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  6. ^ "The 1994 Campaign: Campaign Briefs; Quayle Forms Panel On Seeking Presidency". The New York Times. Associated Press. October 22, 1994. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  7. ^ a b Berke, Richard L. (February 10, 1995). "Facing Financial Squeeze, Quayle Pulls Out of '96 Race". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 28, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  8. ^ "Quayle Bashes Clinton on Issues". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 12, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  9. ^ Balz, Dan (January 13, 1999). "Quayle: Clinton Has Eroded U.S. Standing". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Baker, Donald P. (October 26, 1997). "Quayle Finds Value Keeping Politics in Family". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  11. ^ a b c Broder, David S. (May 11, 1997). "Who's Laughing At Quayle In 2000?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 2, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d "Quayle Says He'll Run In 2000". CBS News. CBS. January 21, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  13. ^ "Southern Republicans Gather For A Straw Poll". CNN. With contributions from Bruce Morton. February 27, 1998. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  14. ^ Berke, Richard L. (March 2, 1998). "Reporter's Notebook; Southern Republicans Pick Gov. Bush in Straw Poll". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  15. ^ Crawford, Craig (December 11, 1998). "Moderates maneuvering for 2000 election". Government Executive. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c Connolly, Ceci (January 22, 1999). "Quayle Readying Presidential Run in 2000". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  17. ^ Zuckman, Jill (May 18, 1999). "Images belied as Sununu gives Quayle support". Boston.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  18. ^ "US presidential race for 2000 begins". BBC News. BBC. December 31, 1998. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  19. ^ a b Neal, Terry M.; Connolly, Ceci (January 23, 1999). "Quayle Courts Conservatives". The Washington Post. With contributions from Ben White. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  20. ^ a b Crawford, Craig (January 22, 1999). "A surreal state". Government Executive. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  21. ^ a b c d "Quayle Plans A Bid in 2000 For President". The New York Times. Reuters. January 22, 1999. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  22. ^ ""First in the Nation" special: Dan Quayle transcript". CNN. February 3, 1999. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  23. ^ a b Merida, Kevin (August 12, 1999). "Dan Quayle, Upstaged by His Ex-Boss's Son". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  24. ^ a b "Quayle Throws Hat In Ring on 'Larry King' / Ex-VP says he loves to prove folks wrong". San Francisco Chronicle. Chronicle Publishing Company. January 22, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  25. ^ Salant, Jonathan D. (January 28, 1999). "A 'Cayman Islands' For PACs". CBS News. CBS. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  26. ^ a b Balz, Dan (February 4, 1999). "Confident Quayle Says He Can Beat the Odds". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  27. ^ Kiernan, Laura A. (January 31, 1999). "Rudman sends invite for politics over easy". Boston.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  28. ^ Broder, David S. (March 20, 1999). "Quayle Attacks Clinton's China Policy". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  29. ^ "National News Briefs; Bush Campaign Reports $7 Million Was Raised". The New York Times. Reuters. April 8, 1999. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  30. ^ Landrigan, Kevin (September 28, 1999). "GOP contenders ponder fate of Quayle supporters". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via CNN.
  31. ^ a b "Dan Quayle launches 2001 bid". BBC News. BBC. April 14, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  32. ^ a b Berke, Richard L. (April 15, 1999). "Quayle Enters G.O.P. Race With Vow to Protect Values". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  33. ^ a b Neal, Terry M. (April 15, 1999). "Quayle Begins Presidential Bid". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  34. ^ Caldwell, Christopher (April 19, 1999). "W.H. Auden, Campaign Adviser". Slate. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  35. ^ "Presidential campaigns take to the Internet". CNN. May 7, 1999. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  36. ^ Marinucci, Carla (May 19, 1999). "Quayle No Longer Alone On 'Family Values' Platform / Others jump on bandwagon he started 7 years ago". San Francisco Chronicle. Chronicle Publishing Company. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  37. ^ Balz, Dan (May 20, 1999). "Quayle Blames 'Legal Aristocracy'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  38. ^ "Quayle Calls For Cease-Fire". CBS News. CBS. May 30, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  39. ^ a b Broder, David S.; Connolly, Ceci (August 4, 1999). "Gore, Quayle Put Stress on Values". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  40. ^ "Pay More Attention to Asia, Quayle Says". The New York Times. Associated Press. August 4, 1999. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  41. ^ O'Neill, Anne (May 31, 1999). "Money and credibility". Atlanta Business Chronicle. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on February 16, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  42. ^ Ayres Jr., B. Drummond (June 11, 1999). "Political Briefing; 99% Margin of Error On Polls' Relevance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  43. ^ "Bush has support of past White House occupant – his father". CNN. With contributions from Candy Crowley. June 13, 1999. Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  44. ^ "Quayle: Don't Count Me Out". CBS News. CBS. June 14, 1999. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  45. ^ Morton, Bruce (July 28, 1999). "On the trail with Quayle". CNN. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  46. ^ "Election briefs: News on Quayle, Dole and Bradley". CNN. June 17, 1999. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  47. ^ Fouhy, Beth (June 20, 1999). "Strong kickoffs by Bush, Gore leave other hopefuls scrambling". CNN. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  48. ^ Holland, Gina (June 23, 1999). "Quayle Campaigner Resigns". CBS News. CBS. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  49. ^ Holland, Keating (June 28, 1999). "Poll: Bush bandwagon getting crowded". CNN. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  50. ^ Broder, David S. (June 19, 1999). "Quayle's Ideas Must Contend With His Image". The Washington Post. With contributions from Ben White. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  51. ^ Arnold, Martin (July 22, 1999). "Making Books; Stumping At the Bookshelf". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  52. ^ Ayres Jr., B. Drummond (July 25, 1999). "Political Briefing; Dan Quayle Deploys His Sense of Humor". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  53. ^ a b Yagielski, Janine (August 12, 1999). "GOP candidates worry about the cash crop in Iowa". CNN. With contributions from Charles Zewe, Bruce Morton, John King, and Judy Woodruff. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  54. ^ a b "GOP presidential hopefuls take aim at Iowa". CNN. With contributions from Patty Davis and John King. August 9, 1999. Archived from the original on September 13, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  55. ^ Yagielski, Janine (August 13, 1999). "They're up, they're down, they're all around Iowa". CNN. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  56. ^ Borger, Julian (August 12, 1999). "Republicans stage showdown in Iowa". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  57. ^ a b Sandalow, Marc (August 12, 1999). "Iowa's Straw Poll is Hogwash, History Says". San Francisco Chronicle. Chronicle Publishing Company. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  58. ^ Yepsen, David (August 12, 1999). "Republican rivals focus on farm crisis". The Des Moines Register. Gannett. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2021 – via CNN.
  59. ^ Berke, Richard L. (August 13, 1999). "Iowa Straw Poll Proving a Little Can Mean a Lot". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  60. ^ Yagielski, Janine (August 13, 1999). "The real race in Iowa". CNN. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  61. ^ "Bush Wins In Iowa". CBS News. CBS. August 13, 1999. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  62. ^ Yagielski, Janine (August 15, 1999). "They're off: Iowa straw poll sets GOP race in motion". CNN. With contributions from Carin Dressauer and John King. Archived from the original on September 16, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  63. ^ Orin, Deborah (August 15, 1999). "Bush Romps Home in Iowa". New York Post. News Corp. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  64. ^ "Presidential boost for Bush". BBC News. BBC. August 15, 1999. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  65. ^ Brownstein, Ronald; Barabak, Mark Z. (August 15, 1999). "Bush Walks Away With Iowa Straw Poll Victory". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  66. ^ Marshall, Andrew (August 15, 1999). "Bush wins as Quayle looks finished". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  67. ^ Tapper, Jake (August 16, 1999). "They feed horses, don't they?". Salon.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  68. ^ Saletan, William (August 18, 1999). "Republican Shakeout". Slate. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  69. ^ Nagourney, Adam (September 9, 1999). "The Contenders: Running Toward 2000; Quayle, Seeking Vindication, Plods On With High Hopes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  70. ^ Hall, Thomas C. (September 13, 1999). "You say potato, Quayle says potatoe". Washington Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  71. ^ Tackett, Michael (September 27, 1999). "Lacking Funds and Numbers, Quayle to Quit". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  72. ^ Orin, Deborah (September 27, 1999). "Failing Quayle to Quit Prez Campaign". New York Post. News Corp. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  73. ^ Bruni, Frank (September 27, 1999). "Quayle, Outspent by Bush, Will Quit Race, Aide Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  74. ^ Marinucci, Carla; Gledhill, Lynda (September 27, 1999). "Quayle To Give Up On Bid for Presidency / Other candidates plan California campaign rush". San Francisco Chronicle. Chronicle Publishing Company. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  75. ^ a b Purdum, Todd S. (September 28, 1999). "Facing Reality, Quayle Ends Dream of Returning to White House". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  76. ^ "Quayle Meets Letterman". CBS News. CBS. Associated Press. October 6, 1999. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  77. ^ La Ganga, Maria L. (February 17, 2000). "The Nuances of a Good Endorsement in Campaign 2000". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  78. ^ Weinraub, Bernard (January 18, 2001). "Bush Inauguration Will Be a Little Bit Country and Not Much Rock 'n' Roll". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  79. ^ Weber, Joseph (October 3, 2005). "They're Not Telling Quayle Jokes At Cerberus". Bloomberg News. With contributions from Hiroko Tashiro. Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  80. ^ Ayres Jr., B. Drummond (February 11, 2001). "Political Briefing; From Arizona, Talk Of a Bid by Quayle". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  81. ^ Dieter, Mary (December 8, 2020). "The Public Servants: Dan Quayle '69". DePauw Magazine. DePauw University. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  82. ^ "Dan Quayle". Cerberus Capital Management. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dan Quayle presidential campaign, 2000.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign&oldid=1252585313"