Commercial broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example. It was the United States' first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, until the 1980s.
Features
[edit]Advertising
[edit]Commercial broadcasting is primarily based on the practice of airing radio advertisements and television advertisements for profit. This is in contrast to public broadcasting, which receives government subsidies and usually does not have paid advertising interrupting the show. During pledge drives, some public broadcasters will interrupt shows to ask for donations.
In the United States, non-commercial educational (NCE) television and radio exist in the form of community radio; however, premium cable services such as HBO and Showtime generally operate solely on subscriber fees and do not sell advertising. This is also the case for the portions of the two major satellite radio systems that are produced in-house (mainly music programming).
Radio broadcasting originally began without paid commercials. As time went on, however, advertisements seemed less objectionable to both the public and government regulators and became more common. While commercial broadcasting was unexpected in radio, in television it was planned due to commercial radio's success. Television began with commercial sponsorship and later transformed to paid commercial time. When problems arose over patents and corporate marketing strategies, regulatory decisions were made by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to control commercial broadcasting.[1]
Paid programming
[edit]Commercial broadcasting overlaps with paid services such as cable television, radio and satellite television. Such services are generally partially or wholly paid for by local subscribers and is known as leased access. Other programming (particularly on cable television) is produced by companies operating in much the same manner as advertising-funded commercial broadcasters, and they (and often the local cable provider) sell commercial time in a similar manner.
The FCC's interest in program control began with the chain-broadcasting investigation of the late 1930s, culminating in the "Blue Book" of 1946, Public Service Responsibility For Broadcast Licensees. The Blue Book differentiated between mass-appeal sponsored programs and unsponsored "sustaining" programs offered by the radio networks. This sustained programming, according to the Blue Book, had five features serving the public interest:
- Sustaining programs balanced the broadcast schedule, supplementing the soap operas and popular-music programs receiving the highest ratings and most commercial sponsors
- They allowed for the broadcast of programs which, by their controversial or sensitive nature, were unsuitable for sponsorship
- They supplied cultural programming for smaller audiences
- They provided limited broadcast access for non-profit and civic organizations
- They made possible artistic and dramatic experimentation, shielded from the pressures of short-run rating and commercial considerations of a sponsor.[1]
Commercial time has increased 31 seconds per hour for all prime time television shows. For example, ABC has increased from 9 minutes and 26 seconds to 11 minutes and 26 seconds.[2]
Ratings
[edit]Programming on commercial stations is more ratings-driven— particularly during periods such as sweeps in the US and some Latin American countries.
Global commercial broadcasting
[edit]Americas
[edit]Commercial broadcasting is the dominant type of broadcasting in the United States and most of Latin America. "The US commercial system resulted from a carefully crafted cooperation endeavor by national corporations and federal regulators."[3]
The best-known commercial broadcasters in the United States today are the ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC television networks, based in the United States. Major cable television in the United States operators include Comcast, Charter Communications and Cox Communications. Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) services include DirecTV and Dish Network.
In an hour of broadcast time on a commercial broadcasting station, 10 to 20 minutes are typically devoted to advertising. Advertisers pay a certain amount of money to air their commercials, usually based upon program ratings or the audience measurement of a station or network. This makes commercial broadcasters more accountable to advertisers than public broadcasting, a disadvantage of commercial radio and television.
Europe
[edit]In Europe, commercial broadcasting coexists with public broadcasting (where programming is largely funded by broadcast receiver licenses, public donations or government grants).
In the UK, Sky UK is available and WorldSpace Satellite Radio was available.
Asia
[edit]The best and most known commercial broadcasters in Asia are the South Korean radio and television networks SBS, Hong Kong television networks TVB, Taiwanese television networks FTV and Philippine radio and television networks GMA Network.
List of major commercial broadcasters
[edit]Contemporary hit radio in bold.
Africa
[edit]Angola
[edit]- Palanca TV
- SuperSport
- SuperSport Blitz
- SuperSport Grandstand
- SuperSport Football Plus
- SuperSport Premier League
- SuperSport La Liga
- SuperSport Football
- SuperSport Action
- SuperSport Africa
- SuperSport Africa 2
- SuperSport WWE (channel WWE)
- SuperSport Variety 1
- SuperSport Rugby
- SuperSport Cricket
- SuperSport Golf
- SuperSport Tennis
- SuperSport Motorsport
- SuperSport Màximo 1
- SuperSport Màximo 2
- SuperSport Màximo 3
- SuperSport Màximo 360
- TV Zimbo
- ZAP
- Zap Filmes HD
- Zap Filmes Top
- Zap Filmes Extra
- Zap Filmes Kids
- Zap Music
- Zap Rock
- Zap Blues
- Zap Jazz
- Zap Dance
- Zap Easy Listening
- Zap Hip Hop
- Zap Trance
- Zap Reggae
- Zap The Chill Lounge
- Zap 80's
- Zap 90's
- Zap Pop
- Zap Greatest Hits
- Zap Classic Music
- Zap Afro Beat
- Z Sports
- Z Sports 1
- Z Sports 2
- Z Sports LaLiga
- Zap Viva
- Zap Novelas
Ivory Coast
[edit]- Canal+ Afrique
- La Nouvelle Chaîne Ivoirienne (NCI)
- Life TV
- Télévision Ivory Coast (TCI)
- TAM-TAM TV
- Africahit Music TV
- MTV Ivory Coast (MTV Ivorian Public Music Channel)
- MTV Base Africa
- TFX (Formerly NT1)
Nigeria
[edit]- 1 Music
- ACBN
- ACBN International
- ACNN TV
- Aforevo TV
- Aforevo Music TV
- Aforevo Francais
- Africa Health TV
- African Broadcasting Network
- Afro Hits TV
- Africa Magic
- AKBC
- Al-Ansar Radio and TV
- Arewa 24
- Arise News
- Akwa TV
- AIT (Africa Independent Television)
- AIT International
- AIT Lagos
- AIT Parliamentary
- Al-Afrikiy Islamic Television
- AMC TV (Startimes Channel 117)
- Arewa24 TV
- Artmosfair
- Artmosfair +
- ARTV Kano
- AWA TV
- BCS StarCross TV
- Be. Television
& Borno Radio Television (BRTV)
- Brekete Family TV
- Bride TV
- Capital TV
- Champions TV
- Channels TV
- Chosen TV
- CMTV
- Cool TV
- Core TV News
- CRBC
- DBN (Degue Broadcasting Network)
- DASAMAL TV NETWORK
- Degue Broadcasting Network (DBN TV)
- Deeper Christian Life Ministry Channel
- Digha TV
- DITV
- DNI
- Dog Racing
- Dove Television
- Dream God TV
- Dunamis TV
- EBS
- E-Stars TV
- Ebony Life
- Edo Broadcasting Service
- Elijah's Voice
- Emerald TV
- Emmanuel TV
- Evangel TV
- EWTN Africa
- Family Network Africa
- FAPM TV
- Farin Wata TV
- Favour TV
- Fortis TV
- Free Indeed, TV
- Fresh Oil TV
- FS Devotion Channel
- G-Rhythm
- Ga Naku TV
- Galaxy TV
- GNN TV
- GWB Health TV
- Haba TV
- Harvest TV
- Heritage Global Academy TV
- Hola TV
- Hosanna Broadcast Network
- ITV Benin
- ibakatv
- Idan TV
- Irawo TV
- iROKO Play
- Isi Mbido
- IT
- ITV
- ITVS
- KAFTAN TV
- Kedu TV
- Kennis Music Channel
- Kingdom Africa TV (DSTV channel 345)
- Kingdom Life Network TV
- Kuungana Africa TV
- Koga TV
- LTV (Lagos Weekend Television)
- Liberation TV
- Liberty TV
- Livestyle Afrika
- Lighthouse TV
- LCN (LoveWorld Christian Network)
- Loveworld Plus
- Lucky Balls TV
- Lumen Christi TV Network
- Manara TV
- Manifestation TV
- Mantle TV
- MCN Africa
- MCN Entertainment
- Mercy TV
- Messianic World Plus
- MFM TV
- Mitv
- Moneymart TV
- Montage Sports News
- More Grace TV
- Mount Zion TV
- Mitv (Murhi International Television)
- Minaj Systems Tv Obosi
- Minaj Broadcast Network Obosi
- Murhi International Television (MITV)
- MBI (Minaj Broadcast International)
- MY TV Africa
- MY TV Hausa
- MY TV More
- MY TV Series
- MY TV Toonz
- MY TV Yoruba
- News Central TV
- Nigezie
- NN24
- Noma TV
- Odenigbo TV
- Odenigbo FM Obosi Anambra state
- Ogun State Television
- Ondo State Radiovision Corporation
- Orient TV
- OnMax TV
- OnTV
- Orisun TV
- Osasogie Gospel TV
- OSBC
- Osun State Broadcasting Corporation
- Oyo State Broadcasting Corporation
- People's TV
- Power Broadcasting Network
- Plus TV Africa
- Quest TV
- R2 TV
- Rave TV
- Rahma TV
- Rivers State Television
- Rayuwa TV
- Restoration TV
- Rhema TV
- Rivers Stage TV
- ROK TV
- Royal TV
- Salvation TV
- School On Air
- SilverBird Television
- Smash TV
- Soundcity TV
- Spice TV
- StarTimes
- Startimes Adepa
- Startimes Afrik
- Startimes Am'mobi
- Startimes Swahili
- Startimes Swahili Plus
- Startimes Bongo
- Startimes Chinese Homeland
- Startimes Dahin Kowa
- Startimes Ganza
- Startimes Kung-Fu
- Startimes Katong
- Startimes Kids
- Startimes Kids Plus
- Startimes Toons
- Startimes Makula
- Startimes Movies
- Startimes Movies Plus
- Startimes Nollywood
- Startimes Nollywood Plus
- Startimes Nollywood F
- Startimes Naija
- Startimes Novela E
- Startimes Novela E W
- Startimes Novela Plus E
- Startimes Novela F
- Startimes Novela Plus F
- Startimes Rembo
- Startimes Rembo Plus
- Startimes RnB
- Startimes Sino Drama
- Startimes Sports Arena
- Startimes Sports Beta Sports
- Startimes Sports Focus
- Startimes Sports Life
- Startimes Sports Premium HD
- Startimes World Football
- Startimes Yoruba
- Startimes Zone
- TVC Entertainment
- Trust TV
- WAP TV
- Wazobia TV
South Africa
[edit]- e.tv Media Investment
- Community Stations
- Cape Town TV
- 1KZN
- 1 Free State TV
- GauTV
- Mpuma Kapa TV
- Tshwane TV
- Soweto TV
- MultiChoice/DStv
- 1Max
- Africa Magic Epic
- Channel O
- kykNET
- kykNET & Kie
- kykNET Nou
- kykNet Lekker
- M-Net (South Africa)
- Mzansi Magic
- Mzansi Magic Music
- Mzansi Wethu
- Mzansi Bioskop
- OneZed
- SuperSport (South Africa)
- SuperSport Blitz
- SuperSport Grandstand
- SuperSport PSL
- SuperSport Premier League
- SuperSport La Liga
- SuperSport Football
- SuperSport Variety 1
- SuperSport Variety 2
- SuperSport Variety 3
- SuperSport Variety 4
- SuperSport Action
- SuperSport Rugby
- SuperSport Cricket
- SuperSport Golf
- SuperSport Tennis
- SuperSport Motorsport
- SuperSport School
- SuperSport WWE
- SuperSport Màximo
- SuperSport Select 1
- SuperSport CSN
- SuperSport Play
- Zambezi Magic
Tanzania
[edit]- Azam TV
- Azam One
- Azam Two
- Azam TV Sports (Tanzania)
- Azam Tv Sports 1
- Azam TV Sports 2
- Azam TV Sports 3
- Azam TV Sports 4
- Al Itrah Broadcasting Network Television (IBNTV)
- Barmedas TV
- Clouds TV
- Coastal Television Network
- East African Television (EATV)
- Ebenezer TV
- ITV (Independent Television)(Tanzania)
- Kwanza TV
- Mambo Tv Swahili
- Mahaasin TV
- Dar es Salaam Television
- Star TV (Tanzania)
- Sinema Zetu
- TV E (Tanzania)
- UTV
- Wasafi TV (WCB)
Americas
[edit]Argentina
[edit]Bolivia
[edit]Brazil
[edit]Canada
[edit]English language
[edit]French language
[edit]Chile
[edit]Colombia
[edit]Costa Rica
[edit]Ecuador
[edit]El Salvador
[edit]Guatemala
[edit]Honduras
[edit]Mexico
[edit]Panama
[edit]Paraguay
[edit]Peru
[edit]- América Televisión
- Global Televisión
- ATV
- Latina Televisión
- Panamericana Televisión
- La Tele
United States
[edit]English language
[edit]Spanish language
[edit]Uruguay
[edit]Venezuela
[edit]Asia
[edit]Hong Kong
[edit]- Fantastic Television Limited (奇妙電視|FTV) — Hong Kong, China
- 76HD - HOY International Business Channel (香港國際財經台) - Hong Kong/Hong Kong English
- 77HD - HOY TV - Hong Kong/Hong Kong Cantonese
- 78HD - HOY Infotainment (HOY資訊台) - Hong Kong/Hong Kong Cantonese
- HK Television Entertainment Ltd (香港電視娛樂有限公司|HKTVE) — Hong Kong, China
- 96HD - ViuTVsix - Hong Kong/Hong Kong English
- 97HD - ViuTV - Hong Kong/Hong Kong Cantonese
- Television Broadcasts Limited (電視廣播有限公司 "無綫電視"|TVB) — Hong Kong, China
- 81HD - TVB Jade (無線電視翡翠台) - Hong Kong/Hong Kong Cantonese
- 82HD - TVB Plus - Hong Kong/Contemporary Teenager Youth Teen, Finance, Sport and Information Channel
- 83HD - TVB News Channel (無線新聞台) - Hong Kong/24-hour clock News Channel
- 84HD - TVB Pearl (無線電視明珠台) - Hong Kong/Hong Kong English
- Commercial Radio Hong Kong (香港商業電台)
- Metro Broadcast Corporation (新城電台)
India
[edit]- Paramount Networks EMEAA
- Zee Entertainment Enterprises
- The Walt Disney Company India
- Culver Max Entertainment
Indonesia
[edit]- PT Global Mediacom Tbk (MNC Media & Entertainment)
- PT Media Nusantara Citra Tbk (MNC Media)
- PT Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia (RCTI)
- PT MNC Televisi Indonesia (MNCTV)
- PT Global Informasi Bermutu (GTV)
- PT Media Nusantara Informasi (iNews Media Group)
- PT MNC Televisi Network (iNews)
- PT MNC Multimedia Network (iNews Media Group Broadcast Media Division)
- PT Radio Trijaya Shakti (MNC Trijaya FM)
- PT Radio Arief Rahman Hakim (Global Radio)
- PT Radio Suara Monalisa (RDI)
- PT Radio Sabda Sosok Sohor (V 106.6 FM)
- PT MNC Digital Indonesia (RCTI+)
- PT Suara Digital Nusantara (ROOV)
- PT MNC Portal Indonesia (MNC Portal)
- PT MNC Okezone Network (Okezone.com)
- PT iNews Digital Indonesia (iNews.id)
- PT Sindonews Portal Indonesia (Sindonews.com)
- PT Media Nusantara Dinamis (IDXChannel.com)
- MNCTrijaya.com
- PT MNC Vision Networks Tbk
- PT MNC Sky Vision Tbk (MNC Vision)
- PT MNC OTT Network (Vision+)
- PT Media Nusantara Citra Tbk (MNC Media)
- PT Elang Mahkota Teknologi Tbk (Emtek)
- PT Omni Intivision (Moji)
- PT Surya Citra Media Tbk (SCM)
- PT Surya Citra Televisi (SCTV)
- PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri (Indosiar)
- PT Mediatama Televisi (Nex Parabola)
- PT Indonesia Entertainment Grup (IEG)
- PT Surya Media Citaprima (Mentari TV)
- PT Vidio Dot Com (Vidio)
- PT KapanLagi Dot Com Networks (KapanLagi Youniverse)
- KapanLagi.com
- PT Liputan Enam Dot Com (Liputan6.com)
- Merdeka.com
- Otosia.com
- PT Brilio Ventura Indonesia (Brilio.net)
- Fimela.com
- PT Bintang Dot Com (Bintang.com)
- PT Bola Dot Com (Bola.com)
- Bola.net
- PT Dream Bahagia Indonesia (Dream.co.id)
- PT Kreator Kreatif Indonesia (Famous.id)
- ManisdanSedap.com
- Sooperboy.com
- Socia.id
- PT Visi Media Asia Tbk (VIVA)
- PT Intermedia Capital Tbk (IMDA)
- PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi (ANTV)
- PT Lativi Media Karya (tvOne)
- PT Viva Televisi Olahraga Indonesia (VTV)
- PT Vidi Vici Inovasi (VDVC)
- PT Viva Media Baru (VIVA Networks)
- VIVA.co.id
- IntipSeleb.com
- tvOnenews.com
- antvklik.com
- JagoDangdut
- Sahijab
- 100KPJ.com
- VLIX
- OnePride.net
- Oneprix.id
- PT Intermedia Capital Tbk (IMDA)
- PT Media Group
- PT Media Televisi Indonesia (MetroTV)
- PT Mitra Media Digital (Magna Channel)
- PT Mitra Siaran Digital (BN Channel)
- PT Radio Agustina Junior (MG Radio Network)
- PT Citra Media Nusa Purnama (Media Indonesia)
- PT Masa Kini Mandiri (Lampung Post)
- PT Citra Multimedia Indonesia (Medcom)
- Dadali.id
- Clicks.id
- Suma.id
- Apakareba.id
- RuangJurnalistik.id
- Gaya.id
- Oase.id
- Autogear.id
- PT Inibaru Media (Inibaru.id)
- PT Citra Multimedia Indonesia Lampung (Lampung Post)
- MetroXtend
- Podme.id
- Mego.id
- PT Media Nuwo Kreatif Nusantara (Toko108.com)
- PT Trans Media Corpora (Trans Media)
- PT Televisi Transformasi Indonesia (Trans TV)
- PT Duta Visual Nusantara Tivi Tujuh (Trans7)
- PT Trans News Corpora (CNN Indonesia) (license from Warner Bros. Discovery)
- PT Trans Berita Bisnis (CNBC Indonesia) (license from NBCUniversal)
- PT Trans Digital Media (detik Network)
- Detik
- CNN Indonesia (lisensi nama dari Warner Bros. Discovery)
- CNBC Indonesia (lisensi nama dari NBCUniversal)
- HaiBunda
- InsertLive
- Beautynesia
- Female Daily
- Mommies Daily
- Girls Beyond
- CXO Media
- Trans Media Sosial
- PT Indonusa Telemedia (Transvision)
- PT Radio Transuara Indonesia (Vision Radio1)
- CubMu
- PT KG Media
- PT Cipta Megaswara Televisi (Kompas TV)
- PT Kompas Media Nusantara (Harian Kompas)
- PT Kompas Cyber Media (Kompas.com)
- PT Grahanusa Mediatama (Kontan)
- Tribun Network
- Grid Network
- Otomotif
- Intisari
- National Geographic Indonesia
- Bobo
- m&c!
- Elex Media Komputindo
- Gramedia Pustaka Utama
- Grid.id
- BeautyDate
- Bobo.id
- CewekBanget.id
- Nextren
- SajianSedap
- GridKids
- Hai-Online
- GridPop.id
- GridGames.id
- GridHot.id
- GridHype.id
- GridVideo
- XY-Kids! Online
- GridKids.id
- GridStar
- Parapuan.id
- Foto Kita
- GridHealth.id
- GridGames.id
- OtoSeken.id
- OtoFemale.id
- Suar.id
- Nakita.id
- Idea
- Sosok.id
- Stylo.id
- Wiken.id
- Kitchenesia
- BolaSport.com
- Bolanas.com
- BolaStylo.com
- Juara.net
- SuperBall.id
- GridOto.com
- Otomotifnet.com
- Otomania.com
- Otobursa.com
- Otomania.com
- Otomontir
- OtoRace.id
- Motor Plus
- Gridmotor.id
- Grid Story Factory
- PT Magentic Network Indonesia (KG Radio Network)
- PT Radio Sonora (Sonora FM)
- PT Radio Safari Bina Budaya (Motion Radio)
- PT Radio Smart Media Utama (Smart FM)
- PT MD Entertainment Tbk
- PT Net Visi Media (NET.)
- PT Rajawali Corpora
- PT Metropolitan Televisindo (RTV)
- PT Jawa Pos Group
- PT Jawa Pos Multimedia (JPM)
- PT Surabaya Media Televisi (Jawa Pos TV)
- PT Jawa Pos Koran (Jawa Pos)
- JawaPos.com
- Prokal.co
- Hargo.co.id
- AntarKeMana.com
- Komputek
- Nyata
- Posmo
- Cantiq
- Bunda
- Koki
- Tunas
- Modis
- Hikmah
- Ototrend
- Nurani
- Suksesi
- Dhara Pos
- PT NT Corp
- PT Nusantara Media Mandiri (Nusantara TV)
- PT Harum Terang Sehati (Harum TV)
- PT Gold Media Mandiri (Gold TV)
- PT Reeuters Mandiri Global (Reeuters TV)
- PT Bhinneka Berjuang Sejahtera (Bhineka TV)
- PT Nusantara Digital Mandiri (Sahabat.com)
- NusantaraTV.com
- NTVNews.id
- Celebtale
- Healthpedia
- Virtupop
- Kamutau
- Okedeh
- NNIN
- Arah
- Fesionista
- Teknospace
- Jurnalmu
- Otomu
- Neonews
- PT Digdaya Media Nusantara (Garuda TV)
- PT Bersatu Universe Digital Indonesia (B Universe)
- PT First Media News (BTV)
- PT Investor Televisi Indonesia (IDTV)
- PT Koran Media Investor Indonesia (Investor Daily)
- PT Media Investor Indonesia (Investor)
- PT Beritasatu Media (BeritaSatu.com)
- PT Jakarta Globe Media (JakartaGlobe.id)
- PT Digital Media Investor Indonesia (Investor.id)
- PT Tempo Inti Media Tbk
- Tempo.co
- Cantika
- GoOto
- Foodizz
- Teras.id
- Suaraindo.id
- Indonesiana
- Rombak Media
- Ziliun
- Kok Bisa?
- TelusuRI
- Koran Tempo
- Tempo
- Tempo English
- PT MRA Media
- PT Media Network Wahana (MNI)
- PT Radio Antarnusa Djaja (Hard Rock FM)
- PT Radio Tiara Victoria (Trax FM)
- PT Radio Mustika Abadi (I-Radio)
- PT Radio Muara Abdinusa (Cosmopolitan FM)
- PT Pesona Gita Anindita (Brava Radio)
- PT Media Network Wahana (MNI)
- PT Mahaka Media (MahakaX)
- PT Masima Radio Network
- PT Radio Prambors (Prambors FM)
- PT Radio Kayu Manis (FeMale Radio)
- PT Radio Delta Insani (Delta FM)
- PT Radio Terik Matahari Bahana Pembangunan (Bahana FM)
- PT Indika Inti Mandiri (Indika Group)
- PT Indika Multimedia
- PT Radio Indika Millenia (Indika FM)
- PT Indika Multimedia
- PT Elshinta Media Group
- PT Radio Elshinta (Elshinta Radio Network)
- Fit Radio
- Kiss Network
- PT Radio Kidung Indah Selaras Suara (Kiss FM Medan)
Japan (key stations)
[edit]- Tokyo TV Asahi (東京テレビ朝日) (EX)
- Tokyo Fuji TV (東京フジテレビ) (CX)
- Tokyo InterFM (東京InterFM) (DW)
- Tokyo J-Wave (東京J-WAVE) (AV)
- Tokyo Nippon Broadcasting System (東京ニッポン放送) (LF)
- Tokyo Nippon Cultural Broadcasting (東京文化放送) (QR)
- Tokyo Nippon Television Network (東京日本テレビ放送網) (AX)
- Tokyo Broadcasting System Radio (東京TBSラジオ) (KR)
- Tokyo Broadcasting System Television (東京TBSテレビ) (RX)
- Tokyo FM (東京エフエム) (AU)
- TV Tokyo (テレビ東京) (TX)
Malaysia
[edit]- Commercial Radio Malaysia
- Hitz
- Lite
- Mix
- Era
- Synchrosound Studio Sdn Bhd (Hot FM)
- Sinar
- Suria
- Melody
- My
- One FM Radio Sdn Bhd (Eight FM)
- BFM 89.9
- Max-Airplay Sdn Bhd (Fly FM)
- KK12FM
- Best FM
- Gegar
- Kool 101 Radio Sdn Bhd (Kool 101)
- Molek FM Radio Sdn Bhd (Molek FM)
- Manis FM
- Zayan
- 988 FM
- City Plus FM
- goXuan
- TEA FM
- Raaga
- Bapakku.FM
- RADIOROSAK
- Cats FM
- IM4U FM 107.9
- Kupi-Kupi FM
- VOKFM
- Media Prima
- Media Prima Television Networks
- Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (TV3)
- Natseven TV Sdn Bhd (NTV7)
- Metropolitan TV Sdn Bhd (8TV)
- Ch-9 Media Sdn Bhd (TV9)
- Wow Shop
- Drama Sangat
- Media Prima Audio
- Primeworks Studios
- Primeworks Distribution
- Monkey Bone
- 8unit
- New Straits Times Press
- New Straits Times
- Berita Harian
- Harian Metro
- Hijab & Heels
- FullAMark
- Mind Campus
- Big Tree
- Kurnia Outdoor
- UPD
- The Right Channel
- Gotcha
- Big Tree Seni Jaya
- Media Prima Television Networks
- Astro Malaysia Holdings
- Astro Malaysia (Measat Broadcast Network Systems Sdn Bhd)
- Astro B.yond
- Astro IPTV
- Astro NJOI
- Fetch TV
- Astro Channels
- Astro AEC
- Astro AOD
- Astro Arena
- Astro Aura
- Astro Awani
- Astro Boo
- Astro Ceria
- Astro Citra
- Astro First (VOD)
- Astro Hua Hee Dai
- Astro Oasis
- Astro Premier
- Astro Prima
- Astro QJ
- Astro Rania
- Astro Ria
- Astro Showcase
- Astro Sports
- Astro Thangathirai
- Astro Tutor TV
- Astro Vaanavil
- Astro Vellithirai
- Astro Vinmeen HD
- Astro Xiao Tai Yang On Demand
- Astro Shaw
- Astro Radio
- Tayangan Unggul
- Go Shop
- Astro Malaysia (Measat Broadcast Network Systems Sdn Bhd)
- Star Media Group Berhad
- Awesome Media Network Berhad
Philippines
[edit]- A2Z
- TeleRadyo Serbisyo
- ANC
- ANC HD
- Cinema One
- Cine Mo!
- Jeepney TV
- Kapamilya Channel
- Kapamilya Channel HD
- Knowledge Channel
- Metro Channel
- Myx
- PIE Channel
- DWPM Radyo 630 Manila (Joint venture between Prime Media Holdings, Inc. through subsidiary Philippine Collective Media Corporation and ABS-CBN Corporation)
- ZOE Broadcasting Network (Partnership deal with ABS-CBN Corporation)
- ZOE TV Manila
- ZOE TV Baguio
- ZOE TV Ilo-ilo
- ZOE TV Cebu
- ZOE TV Cagayan de Oro
- ZOE TV Davao
- ZOE TV Tacloban
- Light TV Palawan
- ZOE Broadcasting Network (Partnership deal with ABS-CBN Corporation)
- GMA
- GMA Manila
- GMA Ilocos Norte
- GMA Ilocos Sur
- GMA Abra
- GMA Mt. Province
- GMA Batanes
- GMA Tuguegarao
- GMA Aparri
- GMA Isabela
- GMA Benguet/Dagupan
- GMA Baler
- GMA Olongapo
- GMA Batangas
- GMA Rizal
- GMA Occidental Mindoro
- GMA Puerto Princesa, Palawan
- GMA Coron, Palawan
- GMA Brooke's Point, Palawan
- GMA Romblon
- GMA Naga
- GMA Legazpi
- GMA Masbate
- GMA Catanduanes
- GMA Sorsogon
- GMA Daet
- GMA Kalibo
- GMA Roxas
- GMA Ilo-ilo
- GMA Murcia
- GMA Bacolod
- GMA Negros Occidental
- GMA Sipalay
- GMA Cebu
- GMA Bohol
- GMA Dumaguete
- GMA Calbayog
- GMA Borongan
- GMA Tacloban
- GMA Ormoc
- GMA Zamboanga
- GMA Dipolog
- GMA Pagadian
- GMA Cagayan de Oro
- GMA Bukidnon
- GMA Ozamiz
- GMA Iligan
- GMA Davao
- GMA General Santos
- GMA Kidapawan
- GMA Butuan
- GMA Surigao
- GMA Tandag
- GMA Cotabato
- GMA Jolo
- GTV
- Heart of Asia
- Hallypop
- I Heart Movies
- Pinoy Hits
- Super Radyo
- TV5
- TV5 HD
- TV5 Manila
- TV5 Ilocos Norte
- TV5 Baguio
- TV5 Bacolod
- TV5 Cebu
- TV5 Cagayan de Oro
- TV5 Davao
- TV5 General Santos
- TV5 Tuguegarao
- TV5 Olongapo
- TV5 Tarlac
- TV5 Batangas
- TV5 Occidental Mindoro
- TV5 Puerto Princesa
- TV5 Naga
- TV5 Kalibo
- TV5 Roxas City
- TV5 Ilo-ilo
- TV5 Zamboanga
- TV5 Leyte
- RPTV
- RPTV HD
- One Sports
- One Sports HD
Minor Broadcast Networks
[edit]- Aliw 23
- ALLTV
- IBC
- IBC Manila
- IBC Laoag
- IBC Ilo-ilo
- IBC Cebu
- IBC Palo
- IBC Cagayan de Oro
- IBC Davao
- NET 25
- Net 25 Manila
- Net 25 Baguio
- Net 25 Lucena
- Net 25 Naga
- Net 25 Davao
- Radio Philippines Network
- RPN Manila
- RPN Baguio
- RPN Iriga
- RPN Bacolod
- RPN Cebu
- RPN Zamboanga
- RPN Davao
- SMNI
- SMNI TV-43 Davao
- SMNI TV-35 Laoag
- SMNI TV-38 Vigan
- SMNI TV-37 Isabela
- SMNI TV-39 Roxas
- SMNI TV-39 Butuan
- SMNI News Channel
- TV Maria
- UNTV
- UNTV SD
- UNTV HD
- UNTV Manila
- UNTV Vigan
- UNTV Laoag
- UNTV Tuguegarao
- UNTV Angeles
- UNTV San Carlos
- UNTV Cebu
International
[edit]Singapore
[edit]- Astro Malaysia Holdings
- SPH Media Trust
- So Drama! Entertainment
South Korea
[edit]- Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC)
- MBC TV
- MBC Drama
- MBC Sports+
- MBC every1
- MBC M
- MBC On
- Channel M
- MBC FM4U
- MBC Standard FM
- MBC C&I
- MBC Plus
- MBC Voice Acting Division
- Vlending (joint venture with SBS)
- Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS)
- SBS TV
- SBS Plus
- SBS Sports
- SBS Biz
- SBS F!L
- SBS funE
- SBS Golf
- SBS M
- SBS Love FM
- SBS Power FM
- SBS V-Radio
- Korea New Network (KNN)
- Taegu Broadcasting Corporation (TBC)
- Kwangju Broadcasting Corporation (KBC)
- Taejon Broadcasting Corporation (TJB)
- Ulsan Broadcasting Corporation (UBC)
- Jeonju Television (JTV)
- Cheongju Broadcasting (CJB)
- Gangwon No.1 Broadcasting (G1)
- Jeju Free International City Broadcasting System (JIBS)
- Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company (JTBC)
- JTBC
- JTBC2
- JTBC Golf&Sports
- JTBC4
- JTBC Golf
- CJ E&M
- Mnet
- tvN
- tvN Drama
- tvN Show
- tvN Story
- tvN Sports
- OCN
- OCN Movies
- OCN Thrills
- Chunghwa TV
- Tooniverse
- OBS Gyeongin TV
Taiwan
[edit]- TVBS Media Inc.
- Taiwan Television (臺灣電視公司 "台視"|TTV)
- TTV Main Channel
- TTV Finance
- TTV Variety
- TTV News Channel
- China Television (中國電視公司 "中視"|CTV)
- CTV Main Channel
- CTV News Channel
- CTV Classic
- CTV Bravo
- Chinese Television System (中華電視公司 "華視"|CTS)
- Formosa Television (民間全民電視公司 "民視"|FTV)
- FTV Main Channel
- FTV Taiwan
- FTV News
- FTV One
Thailand
[edit]- Amarin Television
- Bangkok Media Broadcasting
- BEC Multimedia
- GMM Grammy
- MONO Next
- RS Public Company Limited (RS Vision Company Limited)
- Tero Entertainment Public Company Limited
- Thairath (Triple V Broadcast Company Limited)
- TrueVisions
- True Korean More
- True Select
- True4U (24)
- True Chinese More
- True Asian More
- True Film HD1
- True Film HD2
- True Film Asia
- True Inside
- True Plook Panya
- True Reality
- True Series
- True Spark Play
- True Spark Jump
- True Sport 1
- True Sport 2
- True Sport 3
- True Tennis HD
- True Sport 5
- True Sport 6
- True Sport 7
- True Sport HD1
- True Sport HD2
- True Sport HD3
- True Sport HD4
- True Thai Film
- True X-Zyte
- True Shopping
- True Explore Wild
- True Explore Life
- True Explore Sci
- True Movie Hits
- True Music
- TNN 16
- TNN 2
- Workpoint Entertainment
Europe
[edit]Norway
[edit]Denmark
[edit]- Viaplay Group
- Warner Bros. Discovery Denmark
Sweden
[edit]- TV4 AB
- TV4
- Sjuan
- TV12
- TV4 Fakta
- TV4 Film
- TV4 Guld
- TV4 Hits
- TV4 Stars
- SF-kanalen
- TV4 Sportkanalen
- TV4 Fotboll
- TV4 Hockey
- TV4 Motor
- TV4 Tennis
- TV4 Sport Live
- Viaplay Group
- Warner Bros. Discovery Sweden
Finland
[edit]- MTV Oy
- Nelonen Media
- Warner Bros. Discovery Finland
Republic of Ireland
[edit]- Virgin Media Television
- Virgin Media One (SD, HD & +1)
- Virgin Media Two (SD & HD)
- Virgin Media Three (SD & HD)
- Virgin Media Four (SD & HD)
- Virgin Media More (SD & HD)
- Bauer Media Audio Ireland
United Kingdom
[edit]- Paramount Networks UK & Australia
- ITV plc
- Sky UK
- Global Media & Entertainment
- Bauer Media Audio UK
- Absolute Radio Network
- Greatest Hits Radio
- Hits Radio
- Hits Radio UK
- Hits Radio Chilled
- Hits Radio Pride
- Hits Radio London
- Hits Radio Manchester
- Hits Radio South Coast
- Jazz FM
- Kerrang! Radio
- Kerrang! Radio Unleashed
- Klassic Kerrang! Radio
- Kiss Network
- Kiss
- Kisstory
- Kiss Fresh
- Kiss Bliss
- Kiss Dance
- Kiss Garage
- Magic
- Magic Classical
- Magic Mellow
- Magic Soul
- Magic Workout
- Magic at the Musicals
- Magic 100% Christmas
- Planet Rock
- News Broadcasting
France
[edit]- TF1 Group
- M6 Group (48.6%)
- RTL Group
- Canal+ Group
- Canal+
- Canal+ Cinéma(s)
- Canal+ Sport
- Canal+ Kids
- Canal+ Docs
- Canal+ Grand Écran
- Canal+ Séries
- Canal+ Sport 360
- Canal+ Foot
- Canal+ Box Office
- Canal+ Live
- C8
- CNews
- CStar
- CStar Hits France
- Lagardère News
- RMC BFM
- BFM TV
- BFM 2
- BFM Business
- BFM Radio
- RMC
- RMC Story
- RMC Découverte
- RMC Sport
- Tech & Co
- NRJ Group
Italy
[edit]- Mediaset
- Warner Bros. Discovery Italia
- Sky Italia
- Cairo Communication
- La7
- La7d
- Paramount Global Italia
Germany
[edit]- RTL Deutschland
- ProSiebenSat.1 Media
- Sky Deutschland
- Sky Atlantic
- Sky Cinema
- Sky Comedy
- Sky Crime
- Sky Documentaries
- Sky Krimi
- Sky Nature
- Sky One
- Sky Replay
- Sky Showcase
- Sky Sport
Luxembourg
[edit]- RTL Group
- RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg
- RTL Zwee
- RTL Radio Lëtzebuerg
Netherlands
[edit]Spain
[edit]Portugal
[edit]Poland
[edit]- Telewizja Polsat
- Polsat
- Polsat 1
- Polsat 2
- Super Polsat
- TV4
- TV6
- Polsat Comedy Central Extra
- Polsat X
- Polsat Rodzina
- Polsat News
- Polsat News 2
- Polsat News Polityka
- Wydarzenia 24
- Polsat Sport
- Polsat Sport 1
- Polsat Sport 2
- Polsat Sport 3
- Polsat Sport Fight
- Polsat Sport Premium
- Polsat Sport Premium PPV
- Polsat Games
- Eleven Sports
- Polsat Film
- Polsat Film 2
- Polsat Café
- Polsat Play
- Nowa TV
- Polsat Reality
- Polsat JimJam
- Polsat Doku
- Fokus TV
- Polsat Viasat Nature
- Polsat Viasat History
- Polsat Viasat Explore
- Crime+Investigation Polsat
- 4FUN TV
- 4FUN Dance
- 4FUN Kids
- Polsat Music
- Disco Polo Music
- Eska TV
- Eska TV Extra
- Eska Rock TV
- Polo TV
- Vox Music TV
- TV Okazje
- TVN Warner Bros. Discovery
- TVN
- TVN 7
- TVN24
- TVN Fabuła
- TVN Meteo
- TVN Style
- TVN Turbo
- iTVN
- Metro
- TTV
- Animal Planet
- Cartoon Network
- Cartoonito
- Cinemax
- Cinemax 2
- Discovery Channel
- Discovery Science
- Discovery Historia
- Discovery Life
- DTX
- Eurosport
- Eurosport 1
- Eurosport 2
- Food Network
- HBO
- HBO 2
- HBO 3
- HGTV
- Investigation Discovery
- TLC
- Travel Channel
- WarnerTV
Oceania
[edit]Australia
[edit]- Seven West Media
- Nine Entertainment
- Paramount Networks UK & Australia
- Southern Cross Austereo
- Southern Cross Seven
- Southern Cross 10
- Hit Network
- SAFM Adelaide
- Hit91.9 Bendigo
- Hit104.9 The Border
- B105 FM Brisbane
- 90.9 Sea FM Gold Coast
- Hit 100.9 Hobart
- SAFM 96.1 Limestone Coast
- Fox FM Melbourne
- Hit106.9 Newcastle
- Mix 94.5 Perth
- Hit93.1 Riverina
- South Queensland
- 2Day FM Sydney
- Hit103.1 Townsville
- Hit Western Australia
- Buddha Hits
- RnB Fridays
- Dance Hits
- Easy 80s Hits
- Kids Hits
- Oldskool 90s Hits
- Triple M
- Triple M Adelaide
- Triple M Bendigo
- Triple M The Border
- Triple M Brisbane
- Triple M Central Coast
- Triple M Central Queensland
- Triple M Central West
- Triple M Darling Downs
- Triple M Dubbo
- Triple M Gippsland
- Triple M Gold Coast
- Triple M Goulburn Valley
- Triple M Hobart
- Triple M Mackay & The Whitsundays
- Triple M Melbourne
- Triple M Newcastle
- Triple M Perth
- Triple M Riverina
- Triple M Riverina MIA
- Triple M Southwest
- Triple M Sunraysia
- Triple M Sydney
- Triple M Townsville
- Triple M 90s
- Triple M Classic Rock
- Triple M Country
- Triple M Hard n Heavy
- Triple M Soft Rock
- Australian Radio Network
- KIIS Network
- KIIS 101.1 Melbourne
- KIIS 106.5 Sydney
- 96FM Perth
- 97.3 FM Brisbane
- Mix 102.3 Adelaide
- 96FM 80s
- 96FM 90s
- KIIS 80s
- KIIS 90s
- Mix 80s
- Mix 90s
- Pure Gold Network
- 4KQ Brisbane
- Cruise 1323 Adelaide
- Gold 104.3 Melbourne
- WSFM 101.7 Sydney
- Gold 80s
- WSFM 80s
- CADA
- KIIS Network
New Zealand
[edit]- Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand
- MediaWorks New Zealand
- New Zealand Media and Entertainment
- New Zealand Herald
- Weekend Herald
- Herald on Sunday
- The Northern Advocate
- Rotorua Daily Post
- Bay of Plenty Times
- Hawke's Bay Today
- Whanganui Chronicle
- Wairarapa Times-Age
- Hamilton News
- Taupo and Turangi Weekender
- Bay News
- Whangamata Coastal News
- Katikati Advertiser
- Waihi Leader
- Whakatane News
- Central Hawke's Bay Mail
- Havelock North Village Press
- Horowhenua Chronicle
- Kapiti News
- Manawatu Guardian
- Wairarapa Midweek
- Coast
- Flava
- Hokonui
- Mix
- Radio Hauraki
- The Hits
- ZM
- Newstalk ZB
- Radio Sport
- nzherald.co.nz
- GrabOne
- Driven
- YUDU
- Sky
- Sky Open
- Sky 5
- Sky Box Sets
- Sky Arts
- Sky Movies Premiere
- Sky Movies Comedy
- Sky Movies Action
- Sky Movies Greats
- Sky Movies Classics
- Sky Movies Collection
- Sky Movies Family
- Sky Sport Select
- Sky Sport 1
- Sky Sport 2
- Sky Sport 3
- Sky Sport 4
- Sky Sport 5
- Sky Sport 6
- Sky Sport 7 beIN Sports
- Sky Sport 8
- Sky Sport 9
- Sky Sport Pop-Up
- Sky Box Office
- Sky Arena
- Sky Digital Music
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Boddy, William. Fifties Television: the Industry and Its Critics. University of Illinois Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-252-06299-5
- ^ Fleming, Heather (31 March 1997). "PSA slice shrinks as commercial pie grows". Broadcasting & Cable. 127 (13). New York: 19–22. ProQuest 225346067.
- ^ Hilmes, Michele (2004). "The Origins of the Commercial Broadcasting System of the United States". Jahrbuch Medien und Geschichte. 4: 73–81.
External links
[edit]- Video[permanent dead link] (audio) interview with Ray Fitzwalter on commercial TV in Britain, The rise and fall of ITV, Frontline Club, London, May 2008.
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