Banjska Monastery

Banjska monastery
Manastiri i Banjskës (Albanian) ; Бањска Манастир /Banjska Manastir (Serbian)
	View of the Banjska monastery church
Monastery information
Full name	Манастир Светог архиђакона Стефана - Бањска
Order	Serbian Orthodox
Established	1317 (reestablished in 2004)
Disestablished	16th century
Dedicated to	Saint Archdeacon Stephen
Diocese	Eparchy of Raška and Prizren
People
Founder(s)	King of Serbia Stefan Uroš II Milutin
Architecture
Heritage designation	Cultural monument of Exceptional Importance
Designated date	26 August 1947
Site
Location	Hill near Zvečan
Country	Kosovo
Public access	Limited

The Banjska Monastery (Albanian: Manastiri i Banjskës; Serbian: Манастир Бањска, romanized: Manastir Banjska, listen^ⓘ) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in the Banjska village near Zvečan, Kosovo.

The monastery was the site of Banjska attack, an attack carried by Serb militants against Kosovo Police on 24 September 2023.

History

The monastery, along with the Church of St Stephen, was built between 1313 and 1317, founded by Serbian King Stefan Milutin, one of the most powerful rulers of his time and of the Nemanjić dynasty.^[2] Milutin built the church as his mausoleum (burial place), and it is where he was first laid to rest in 1321.^[3]^[4] However, following the Battle of Kosovo (1389), his body was moved to Trepča and then in 1460 to Sofia (Bulgaria), where it lies to this day.^[5]

The monumental building with its church, library, monks' quarters and "imperial palace" began to fall into disrepair very early. At the beginning of the 15th century, a fire destroyed the library and in the second half of the same century, the monastery was probably abandoned. Benedikt Kuprešić, a traveller, mentioned that the monastery was razed to the ground in the 16th century on the orders of the Ottoman Sultan, as Christians who had fled Ottoman tyranny were gathering in it.

St Stephen's, almost totally destroyed, was turned into a mosque in the 19th century and served as such until World War I. The first conservation activity was carried out in 1939 and again in 1990 when the church was partly rebuilt. The monastery is one of the few for which the founding charter has been preserved; it was granted a large estate at its founding, of 75 villages and 8 pastures.^[6] As the complex was built as the final resting place of a king, the bishopric was "upgraded" to a stavropegial monastery - roughly translated, an Imperial monastery, fourth by rank in the state (after Studenica, Mileševa and Sopoćani).

The building works were led by Archbishop Danilo II,^[7] at that time a bishop, later Serbian Archbishop, who was a close confidant to the king.^[8] According to medieval sources, as well as an oral tradition, Banjska was one of the most beautiful Serbian monasteries, built in the Raška architectural style, which was used for all royal mausoleums, from Stefan Nemanja's Studenica monastery to Emperor Dušan's Monastery of the Holy Archangels. The monastery was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and was protected by the Republic of Serbia.^[9]

On 24 September 2023, the monastery was stormed by a group of 30 armed Serbs who engaged in a violent confrontation with Kosovo Police and barricaded themselves inside, after a Kosovan officer was ambushed and killed hours earlier.^[10]^[11] After hours, the Kosovo Forces successfully entered the monastery and apprehended the Serb militants ultimately bringing an end to the tense situation.^[12]

References

^ "Манастир Бањска". Central Register of Immovable cultural property. Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
^ Tomašević, Nebojša (1983). Treasures of Yugoslavia: An Encyclopedic Touring Guide. Yugoslaviapublic. p. 449.
^ Filipović, Gordana (1989). Kosovo--past and Present. Review of International Affairs. p. 32.
^ Milić, Mileta; Pejić, Svetlana (1999). Cultural Heritage of Kosovo and Metohija. Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Serbia. p. 34. ISBN 9788680879161.
^ Israeli, Raphael (2018). Kosovo: The Loss by Complacency: The Relic and Reminder of Ottomanism in the Balkans. Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency. p. 6. ISBN 9781948858793.
^ Njegovan, Zoran M. (1998). Agriculture of Medieval Serbia. Economics Institute. p. 24. ISBN 9788673290430.
^ Subotić, Gojko (1998). Art of Kosovo: The Sacred Land. Monacelli Press. p. 54. ISBN 9781580930062.
^ Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9781139444088.
^ Santora, Marc (30 January 2018). "In Kosovo, a Peace Built on Separation". The New York Times.
^ Moloney, Marita (24 September 2023). "Kosovo police surround 30 gunmen in monastery after officer shot". BBC News. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
^ "Gunmen in northern Kosovo clash with authorities after ambush, says PM". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 24 September 2023.
^ "Raportohet se Njësia Speciale ka hyrë brenda manastirit të Banjskës". Bota Sot. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.