1987 Finnish parliamentary election

1987 Finnish parliamentary election

15–16 March 1987
All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland 101 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Kalevi Sorsa Ilkka Suominen Paavo Väyrynen Party SDP National Coalition Centre Last election 26.71%, 57 seats 22.12%, 44 seats 17.63%, 38 seats Seats won 56 53 40 Seat change 1 9 2 Popular vote 695,331 666,236 507,460 Percentage 24.14% 23.13% 17.62% Swing 2.57pp 1.01pp 0.01pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Esko Helle Christoffer Taxell Pekka Vennamo Party SKDL RKP Rural Party Last election 13.46%, 26 seats 4.61%, 10 seats 9.69%, 17 seats Seats won 16 12 9 Seat change 10 2 8 Popular vote 270,433 152,597 181,938 Percentage 9.39% 5.30% 6.32% Swing 4.07pp 0.69pp 3.37pp   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Esko Almgren Kristiina Halkola Kalle Könkkölä Party Christian League Democratic Alternative Green Last election 3.03%, 3 seats – 1.47%, 2 seats Seats won 5 4 4 Seat change 2 New 2 Popular vote 74,209 122,181 115,988 Percentage 2.58% 4.24% 4.03% Swing 0.45pp New 2.56pp
Prime Minister before election Kalevi Sorsa SDP Prime Minister after election Harri Holkeri National Coalition

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 15 and 16 March 1987.

The results saw a rightwards shift in Finnish politics, although it was uncertain how far, because the voter turnout — at a comparatively low 75% — hurt the left more than the right and had a variable impact. The centre-right National Coalition Party (KOK) increased its vote share by only 1% yet gained nine seats in the Eduskunta, almost overtaking the Social Democratic Party (SDP) as the largest party. The SDP vote share dropped by 3%, with 100,000 fewer votes, yet they lost only one seat due to the way their votes were distributed across the country. The Centre Party's vote share remained stable and it gained two new seats. The Greens, who had registered a significant gain in the 1984 municipal elections gained two seats, far fewer than expected. Weakened perhaps from its membership in the long-lived government, the Finnish Rural Party (SMP) lost more than one-third of its support and almost half of its seats.

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	695,331	24.14	56	–1
	National Coalition Party	666,236	23.13	53	+9
	Centre Party	507,460	17.62	40	+2
	Finnish People's Democratic League	270,433	9.39	16	–10
	Finnish Rural Party	181,938	6.32	9	–8
	Swedish People's Party	152,597	5.30	12	+2
	Democratic Alternative	122,181	4.24	4	New
	Greens	115,988	4.03	4	+2
	Finnish Christian League	74,209	2.58	5	+2
	Pensioners' Party	35,100	1.22	0	New
	Liberal People's Party	27,824	0.97	0	–
	Liberals for Åland–Social Democrats	7,019	0.24	1	0
	Constitutional Right Party	3,096	0.11	0	–1
	Åland Centre–Freeminded Cooperation	1,843	0.06	0	0
	Free Åland	539	0.02	0	0
	Others	18,299	0.64	0	–
Total		2,880,093	100.00	200	0
Valid votes		2,880,093	99.47
Invalid/blank votes		15,395	0.53
Total votes		2,895,488	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		4,017,039	72.08
Source: Tilastokeskus, ASUB

By electoral district

Electoral district	Total seats	Seats won
		SDP	Kok	Kesk	SKDL	RKP	SMP	SKL	DV	Vihr	L–S
Åland	1										1
Central Finland	10	3	2	2	1		1	1
Häme	15	6	6	2	1
Helsinki	20	6	7		1	3		1		2
Kymi	14	6	4	2			1	1
Lapland	8	1	1	4	1				1
North Karelia	7	3	1	3
North Savo	10	2	2	4	1		1
Oulu	18	2	3	8	3		1			1
Pirkanmaa	13	4	5	1	1		1		1
Satakunta	12	4	3	2	2		1
South Savo	8	3	2	3
Uusima	29	9	9	2	2	4	1		1	1
Vaasa	18	3	3	5	1	4	1	1
Varsinais-Suomi	17	4	5	2	2	1	1	1	1
Total	200	56	53	40	16	12	9	5	4	4	1
Source: Statistics Finland

Aftermath

Faced with these inconclusive results, negotiations about the shape of the new government began. After six weeks of talks and attempts to put together a completely non-socialist government, a pathbreaking combination was formed that included conservatives and socialists in the Council of State, joined by the dependable and successful Swedish People's Party and the battered and desperate SMP.

The new government, consisting of nine centrist and conservative and eight socialist ministers and headed by the KOK's Harri Holkeri, surprised some observers because a non-socialist government was possible and seemed appropriate given the election results. The outcome angered others, who contended that Koivisto had misused presidential powers when he brokered a government that had his former party as a member despite its considerable electoral losses. Koivisto countered that he had behaved properly and had let the parties themselves argue out a workable combination.

One explanation for the unusual government was that animosity against the Centre Party (Kesk) leader, Paavo Väyrynen, was so common in both the SDP and the KOK that neither party was willing to form a government with him. Thus, Kesk was deprived of its traditional "hinge" role. Another consideration was that the SDP and the KOK were not so much at odds with each another as socialist and conservative parties elsewhere might have been. Both parties had moved toward the centre, and they were in agreement about most issues, especially about the need to reduce the agricultural subsidies that had always been defended by Kesk. The resulting "red-blue" government had as program objective the preservation of the social welfare system, the improvement of Finland's competitive position in international trade, a fundamental reform of the tax system, and adherence to the Paasikivi-Kekkonen Line in foreign affairs. The SFP fitted in easily with this program. The formerly rightist, but now moderate, SMP was included because it strengthened the government slightly and because it was likely to be dependable, because it had no other place to go. Koivisto informed the new government that it would not have to resign after the presidential election of 1988, and observers expected the cabinet to serve its full term until the 1991 parliamentary elections.