Windmill Hill Mill, Herstmonceux
| Windmill Hill Mill, Herstmonceux | |
|---|---|
 The windmill at Windmill Hill, 2018 | |
 | |
| Origin | |
| Grid reference | TQ 648 122 |
| Coordinates | 50°53′10″N 0°20′31″E / 50.886°N 0.342°E |
| Year built | ca. 1814 |
| Information | |
| Purpose | Corn mill |
| Type | Post mill |
| Roundhouse storeys | Two storey roundhouse |
| No. of sails | Four |
| Type of sails | Patent sails |
| Windshaft | Cast iron |
| Winding | Originally Tailpole, now by computer controlled battery powered electric motor |
| No. of pairs of millstones | Two pairs, arranged Head and Tail |
| Other information | Largest post mill in Sussex. Only surviving example of Hammond's Patent Sweep Governor is fitted to this mill. |
Windmill Hill Mill is a grade II* listed[1] post mill at Herstmonceux, Sussex, England which has been restored and now operates as a working mill. The mill is open to the public on most Sundays from Easter until October.
History
[edit]Windmill Hill Mill was built c. 1814 by William Medhurst, the Lewes millwright. It was working by wind until 1893, when it was stopped owing to a weak weatherbeam. It is the largest post mill in Sussex, and is unique in that it is fitted with Hammond's Patent Sweep Governor, a feature previously fitted to Jack Mill, Clayton.[2]
After work by wind had ceased, milling was continued by means of a steam-powered mill set up in the roundhouse. Neve, the Warbleton millwright was responsible for the fitting-out of the roundhouse as a power mill. The mill stood derelict for many years with major structural faults, including both side girts being broken.[2]
Restoration
[edit]In 1994, a supporting steel framework was placed around the mill, and the remaining iron sheeting that clad the breast and sides of the mill removed. The tail of the mill was clad in plywood to keep the weather out. A trust was set up in 1995, aiming to prevent further deterioration in the condition of the mill, and to assess options for restoration. The Heritage Lottery Fund agreed in principle to support the restoration work. English Heritage funded the study to produce an application for lottery funds to restore the mill.[3] A detailed study of the mill was made in the summer of 2000. IJP Millwrights of Binfield Heath were contracted to restore the mill.[4] A grant of £570,000 towards a total restoration cost of £770,000 was made in December 2001, this being the biggest single Lottery grant to an individual windmill.[3] The mill was dismantled during November and December 2003, and taken in sections to IJP's workshops. Modern millwrighting techniques, including CAD were used in the assessment of the structure of the mill in preparation for the rebuild. It was found that one of the quarterbars in the trestle would need to be replaced due to damage done by Death Watch Beetles.[4]
The rebuilt frame of the mill was lifted back onto the main post on 7 September 2004.[5] The sails were fitted to the mill between 24 November and 3 December 2005.[6]
On 19 November 2014 the Heritage Lottery Fund announced the grant of £80,800 for restoration of machinery and sweeps to grind flour.[7] On 5 November 2015, the full patent sweeps turned again for the first time in 120 years.[8]
Description
[edit]
Windmill Hill Mill is a post mill on a two-storey roundhouse. She has four patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft and was winded by a tailpole.[2] Winding is now computer-controlled, with an automatic turning device installed that receives information about the wind direction from sensors mounted on the mill. The wooden brake-wheel is of clasp-arm construction, with oak arms and an elm rim. It has 104 cogs and drives a stone nut with twelve cogs. The tail wheel is of cast iron, with 130 cogs.[9] The mill drove two pairs of millstones, arranged head and tail.[2] The headstones are Peak stones and the tailstones are French Burrs.[9] The body of the mill is 21 feet 3 inches (6.48 m) long and 12 feet 3 inches (3.73 m) wide, the largest surviving post mill by floor plan in the United Kingdom.[1] It is 50 feet 10 inches (15.49 m) high to the roof, the second tallest post mill in England.[9] The roundhouse is 22 feet 6 inches (6.86 m) in diameter and has a single-storey lean-to extension of part of its circumference. When originally built, the mill had a single-storey roundhouse which was raised in the 1850s. The Hammond's Sweep Governor was fitted in the 1870s.[2]
Millers
[edit]- Beeney, 1845 - 1877
- Charles Edwin Hammond, 1878 - 1887
- Henry Harmer, 1887 - 1913[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Historic England. "THE WINDMILL, WINDMILL LANE (north side), HERSTMONCEUX, WEALDEN, EAST SUSSEX (1285093)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Brunnarius, Martin (1979). The Windmills of Sussex. Chichester: Philimore. pp. 43–46, 154, 189. ISBN 0-85033-345-8.
- ^ a b "The state of Windmill Hill windmill prior to restoration". Windmill Hill Windmill Trust. Retrieved 7 May 2008. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Windmill Hill Windmill - "The largest single windmill project in the last 150 years"". Sussex Mills Group. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ "Windmill Hill Windmill - Reinstatement commences on site". Sussex Mills Group. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ "Windmill Hill Windmill - The fitting of the Stocks and Sweeps". Sussex Mills Group. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ "Windmill Hill Windmill - The Restoration of machinery and sweeps to grind flour". Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ "Windmill Hill". windmillhillwindmill.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ a b c The Windmill at Windmill Hill - The Guide (Booklet published by Windmill Hill Windmill Trust).
Further reading
[edit]Hemming, Peter (1936). The Windmills in Sussex. London: C W Daniel. Online version
External links
[edit]
- Windmill World Page on Windmill Hill Mill.
- Windmill Hill Windmill Trust website.
- Hammond's Patent Sweep Governor