Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Single/2016-11-04

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4 November 2016

News and notes
Finally, a new CTO; trustee joins Quora; copyright upgrade impending

In the media
Washington Post continues in-depth Wikipedia coverage

Wikicup
WikiCup winners

Discussion report
What's on your tech wishlist for the coming year?

Technology report
New guideline for technical collaboration; citation templates now flag open access content

Finally, a new CTO; trustee joins Quora; copyright upgrade impending

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By Pete Forsyth and Tony1

Wikimedia Foundation fills long-vacant CTO position

Victoria Coleman, the new chief technology officer, will be vital to the Foundation's performance

The Wikimedia Foundation has hired Victoria Coleman to serve as its chief technology officer (CTO). (blog post; press release; email list announcement). The CTO role, widely seen as vital to an organization for which technology has always been the central focus, has been vacant since Danese Cooper left the organization in July 2011. Several former and current WMF staff, however, noted that various others have played the role of CTO in the interim, to some degree, without adopting the formal title. According to the announcement, Coleman "will be responsible for setting the vision and strategy for technology and operations behind the Wikimedia projects, in cooperation with the global communities of volunteer contributors, users, and researchers."

Coleman’s resume includes roles with Technicolor, Harman, Yahoo, Nokia, Hewlett-Packard, Samsung, Intel, and SRI International. She also worked on security-related projects, including authoring a report on creation of a legal framework for the safety of programmable electronic systems procurement in the UK, and the establishment of a cybersecurity research center in the US.

Executive director Katherine Maher said in the announcement: "Victoria brings the right combination of deep technical knowledge, operational expertise, and the steady hand that is needed in this unique role."

One message from an email list participant, inquiring into Coleman’s perspective on a user privacy issue that may intersect with her past work, prompted an extended response from Maher. Maher emphasized the importance of having a diversity of backgrounds represented among staff, and the value of Coleman’s security experience in the government IT sector.

Coleman will take up the role on November 7. PF

Foundation trustee to join Quora as finance officer

WMF trustee Kelly Battles

Foundation trustee Kelly Battles announced that she has taken a position as chief financial officer (CFO) for Quora. The announcement, which addresses the possibility of a legal conflict of interest arising from the new position, appears to be Battles' first public communication since her brief introductory statement on joining the Board of Trustees in January 2016. Battles was Bracket Computing’s CFO when she assumed the unpaid WMF Board position.

Quora, a for-profit company, runs a question-and-answer website that has drawn frequent comparisons to Wikipedia since its launch in 2010 (past Signpost coverage). Quora co-founder Adam D'Angelo noted the influence of Wikipedia on the site's design in a TechCrunch article, and computer scientist Seb Paquet addressed the connection in the popular article "Why Quora is not Wikipedia" for Quora Review, both in 2011. Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales describes himself as “an advisor to and (very small) investor in Quora,” and has answered some 864 questions on the site. Quora itself features many questions and answers related to the connections between the two sites.

Some discussion about the potential for COI in Battles’ new role ensued on the email list.PF

Editorial note: Wiki Strategies, the company owned by editor Pete Forsyth, advised the Quora team prior to the site’s 2010 launch.

Creative Commons 4.0: first copyright upgrade in seven years

The WMF seeks input on whether to update the Wikimedia Terms of Use to specify version 4.0 of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (CC BY-SA) (an upgrade from version 3.0 of the same license); the consultation runs to November 8. The change would be the first since the WMF's move in 2009 from the old GNU FDL that had been in use since Wikipedia launched. The 2009 change was spearheaded by deputy director Erik Möller and trustee Kat Walsh. At the time, some European Wikimedians objected to the legal interaction with their own copyright codes; this may be prompting some expressions of caution about the current proposal.

For the 4.0 version, released in 2013, Creative Commons prioritized creating a “more global license,” consulting with hundreds of volunteers around the world to improve the fit with various legal jurisdictions, and to simplify and translate the legal code and the simpler “deeds,” or summaries for non-lawyers, into many languages. In addition, the 4.0 version for the first time presents a unified CC BY-SA license for various legal jurisdictions, rather than separate “ported” versions designed specifically for each country’s laws.

In brief

WikiCite conference: WikiCite is an effort built around creating a bibliographic database in Wikidata to serve all Wikimedia projects. Its first annual conference was held in Berlin in May 2016. It has now launched the WikiCite Newsletter, which will be published quarterly. Note: Those interested in citations shouldn’t miss this edition's feature.
Shortlist for Wikipedia Women in Red: Wikipedia Women In Red has been shortlisted for for the 2016 United Nations GEM-TECH Awards.
Wikidata celebrated its fourth birthday with events on four continents.
CIS newsletter: The September issue of the India-based Centre for Internet and Society – Access to Knowledge Newsletter reported on learnings about Wikipedia’s gender gap, a campaign to freely license copyrighted books in the Telegu language, and more.
Long-standing WMF staffer departs: Rob Lanphier, the WMF director of architecture, has left the organization. Lanphier, hired in 2010, was one of the WMF’s longest-tenured staff members, and recently reached a 15-year milestone as a Wikipedia editor.
Signpost co-editor in chief departs: We at the Signpost will miss the guidance and contributions of Andreas Kolbe, our co-editor-in-chief since May 2016. To mark his departure, Andreas wrote:
"At present, I simply don't have the time required to do all the necessary reading to stay abreast of Wikimedia affairs, and to pull my weight in writing articles and preparing Signpost issues for publication. As a result, I've decided to resign as co-editor-in-chief of the Signpost. I don't want to do so without taking the opportunity to thank all my past and present Signpost colleagues. Particular thanks go to Tony, Ed and Gamaliel for the kind welcome they extended to me (markworthy to me because I did most of my early writing about Wikipedia as a Wikipedia critic, lambasting the project for its flaws). I'm happy to have met all of them in person—they're great company and have been splendid colleagues to work with, and I'm proud of the work we did together. My main regret is that I did not have more time to share the task of managing the Signpost with Pete, something I was looking forward to, and that my absence has added to his workload. But I hope to be able to return as a Signpost contributor at some point in the future, so this is good-bye rather than adieu."

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2016-11-04

Washington Post leads the pack in this edition's roundup of media stories

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By Pete Forsyth and Milowent

Wikipedia week at the Washington Post

The Washington Post, the most widely circulated newspaper in the U.S. capital, published several insightful pieces about Wikipedia in the space of a few days.

Robert Gebelhoff's "Science shows Wikipedia is the best part of the Internet" glows about a "first-of-its-kind" study from Harvard Business School, which found that Wikipedia "reduces ideological segregation and is remarkably good at finding neutrality, even on the most contentious topics".

Gebelhoff acknowledged that Wikipedia does suffer at times from the "mean-spiritedness seen in the darker corners of the Internet" (like Facebook and Twitter), but focused on the benefits that can accrue when ideologically opposed Wikipedia editors talk through their differences as they construct articles. He observed that while Wikipedia does not strive to be an "experiment in democracy", it has an "essentially democratic" characteristic. (Oct. 19)

Chris Alcantara of the Washington Post described Wikipedia editors' efforts to select the best images to depict U.S. presidential nominees.

Jeff Guo covered the same study for the Post's Wonkblog: "Wikipedia is fixing one of the Internet’s biggest flaws" (Oct. 25)

Chris Alcantara dove into the particulars in yet another piece, "The most challenging job of the 2016 race: Editing the candidates’ Wikipedia pages." Describing Wikipedia as producing what amounts to an "election guide", Alcantara summarized Wikipedia editors' efforts to choose the most appropriate photos to illustrate articles on U.S. presidential nominees Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, and presented graphics summarizing the frequency of edits to a number of presidential candidates' Wikipedia biographies, in several election cycles. The article featured interviews with several Wikipedia editors.

These stories from the Post add to the paper's wide variety of Wikipedia-related coverage in the last year. In December 2015, reporter Caitlin Dewey published "Wikipedia has a ton of money. So why is it begging you to donate yours?", which was followed up by stories in Germany, England, Italy, and elsewhere. The next month, it ran Wikipedia historian Andrew Lih's op-ed for Wikipedia's 15th birthday, "Wikipedia just turned 15 years old. Will it survive 15 more?" And, as we reported in last week's In the media, columnist Gene Weingarten recently wrote about his frustrations in trying to update the photo on his own Wikipedia biography. (Oct. 27) PF

In brief

Hillary Clinton article vandalized more than usual: As widely reported in the media, the article on Hillary Clinton (as well as the one on Bill Clinton) was briefly vandalized on October 13. Though the vandalism was reverted within minutes (according to an official Wikipedia statement), and subsequently oversighted, the fact that it contained female nudity and text saying her election would mean nuclear war caught wide attention. (Oct 13)
Keeping Up with the Commons #5: Creative Commons has published their fifth installment of the biweekly Keeping Up with the Commons newsletter, with various updates in the free culture world. (Oct. 17)
Dr. Wikipedia: An article in the Lancet Global health called on medical journals to facilitate the editing of Wikipedia by health professionals. The companion piece for a general audience in The Conversation explained how journals are key to promoting and rewarding Wikipedia editing among doctors and researchers. The story was also covered by Medical News Today and The Huffington Post, Scroll, and the WMF blog. (Oct 18)

This is not Wikipedia.

Not so neutral!: The Heartland Institute, a conservative think tank, posted an article on the same day as the first Washington Post piece above calling Wikipedia "broken, biased, and corrupt". Their primary concern appears to be editing disputes over the Institute's own article, which is part of a long-running debate. (Oct 19)
Are you ready for some football?: English football magazine FourFourTwo highlighted four Wikipedia editors who keep football (soccer to Americans) pages up to date. (Oct 19)
LGBTQ edit-a-thon: Bucknell University hosted a Wiki Loves Pride edit-a-thon on October 14. (Oct 20).
Wikipedia is not Wikileaks: Democratic member of Congress Sheila Jackson Lee mistakenly blamed Wikipedia instead of WikiLeaks for the recent release of emails from the Hillary Clinton campaign. The two organizations are completely unrelated, as one can see from reading the WikiLeaks article. Just a regular slip of the tongue, it appears. (Oct. 22)
Area politician article vandalized: Unlike the Hillary Clinton article, where vandalism was quickly reverted, a New York state legislator's article was vandalized to say he "has been on the public dole for more than three decades", and this edit was not caught for almost three days, as reported by local media. (See diff.) The article appears to average only 50 views per day, so the delay in being caught, though regrettable, does not seem surprising. (Oct 22).
Paid editing to go: The Register spotted a car in London with full-coverage advertising for paid BLP reputation services. (Oct 24)
Anonymous edits from political staffers: In Australia, "The Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet has ordered the heads of the Defence, Foreign Affairs and Trade, Health, Agriculture and Parliamentary Services departments to urgently investigate possible breaches of government IT policy and report back in a week." An investigation was launched after discovery that public servants and staffers had made "tens of thousands" of Wikipedia edits. Some were mildly amusing or otherwise innocuous, but others were offensive and potentially embarrassing to public officials. (Oct. 26)

Do you want to contribute to "In the media" by writing a story or even just an "in brief" item? Edit next week's edition in the Newsroom or contact the editor.

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2016-11-04

WikiCup report

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By Godot13 and Adam Cuerden

The ten-month-long run of the tenth WikiCup competition is finally over, and the winners have been announced. Having taken place annually since 2007, the WikiCup encourages editors to improve Wikipedia and engage in the various featured content processes (and the lesser ones such as good articles and In the News) through friendly competition and encouragement.

The top three finalists were:

First place – Cas Liber (submissions)
Second place – MPJ-DK (submissions)
Third place – Adam Cuerden (submissions)

In addition to recognizing the achievements of the top contestants and everyone who worked hard to make it to the final round, we also want to acknowledge participants who were most productive in each of the WikiCup scoring categories:

Featured articles – Cas Liber (actually a three-way tie with themselves for two FAs in each of R2, R3, and R5).
Good articles – MPJ-DK had 14 GAs promoted in R3.
Featured lists – Calvin999 (submissions) produced 2 FLs in R2
Featured pictures – Adam Cuerden restored 18 images to FP status in R4.
Featured portals – SSTflyer (submissions) produced the only FPO of the Cup in R2.
Featured topics – Cyclonebiskit (submissions) and Calvin were each responsible for one FT in R3 and R2, respectively.
Good topics – MPJ-DK created a GT with 9 GAs in R5.
Did you know – MPJ-DK put 53 DYKs on the main page in R4.
In the news – Dharmadhyaksha (submissions) and Muboshgu (submissions), each with 5 ITN, both in R4.
Good article reviews – MPJ-DK completed 61 GARs in R2.

Over the course of the 2016 WikiCup the following content was added to Wikipedia (only reporting on fixed value categories): 17 featured articles, 183 good articles, 8 featured lists, 87 featured pictures, 40 in the news items, and 321 good article reviews. Thank you to all the competitors for your hard work and what you have done to improve Wikipedia.

Gallery

Each finalist produced some excellent work. We've included a representative sample.

First place Cas Liber (submissions) had two featured articles in the last round, and nine over the course of the competition – an impressive feat. The one shown is Cortinarius violaceus
MPJ-DK (submissions) had a varied final round – a featured article, a featured list, a couple good articles, and a nine-article "good topic" on Los Espantos – but, given we're only allowed to use freely licensed material in The Signpost, I've chosen Shocker (wrestler), one of his good articles, as the representative image for his work.
Margaret D. Foster was the first female chemist to work for the United States Geological Survey, inventing assaying tests, and her genius at this came in use when she was recruited to the Manhattan Project. This image of her was one of 14 featured pictures by third-place Adam Cuerden (submissions) in the last round, and one of 71 featured pictures he restored over the course of the competition.
Besides being one of the co-authors on the Cortinarius violaceus featured article – which we've already referenced – fourth-place J Milburn (submissions) created a good topic on political theorist and animal rights activist Alasdair Cochrane.
The C of E (submissions) had three good articles and 21 "Did you know ...?" entries in the final round, an impressive amount of article creation and improvement. Pictured is the flag of Hong Kong between 1959 and 1997, the article for which he raised to good article status.
12george1 (submissions) is one of our "weather guys", working hard to keep major weather events well-covered on Wikipedia. Pictured is 2016's Tropical Storm Colin, which only happened in June, but is already a good article. Keep up the great work!
Given this list is visual, though his good articles are, indeed, quite good, I'm going to ignore them in favour of one of the "Did you know...?" contributions by Worm That Turned (submissions): The King William Ale House in Bristol, England.
Wugapodes (submissions) wasn't actually able to contribute in the last round, but they did excellent work earlier in the competition – hence why they were in the last round. Pictured is the city of Paterson, New Jersey, defendant in the United States Supreme Court case Heffernan v. City of Paterson, which they raised to good article status.

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2016-11-04

What's on your tech wishlist for the coming year?

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By Danny Horn

Danny Horn is the Senior Product Manager, Wikimedia Foundation.

The Wikimedia Foundation established the Community Tech team in 2015 as a product team devoted to building features and making changes that active Wikimedia contributors need the most. Rather than those of us on the team coming up with our own ideas and proposing them to the community, the team decided to let the community tell us what to work on. To do this, we invited the community to participate in a cross-project survey to set our agenda for the year. This consisted of two weeks for contributors to propose ideas, followed by two weeks of support voting. On November 7, we’ll be starting the process all over again, and we want you to participate in the 2016 Community Wishlist Survey.

The 2015 Wishlist Survey engaged more than 600 Wikimedians, and produced a ranked list of 107 ideas. Community Tech committed to investigating and addressing the top 10 wishes—designing and building new tools ourselves, or collaborating with other teams and volunteers who were working in those areas. For the two wishes where we could not offer help, we investigated the issues and explained why those wishes weren’t feasible for us to tackle.

Progress on the 2015 wishlist

Our first year is coming to a close, and here’s what happened with 2015's top 10:

We've completed our work on five wishes:

Wish #1: Migrate dead external links to archives. Volunteer Cyberpower678 created a bot that replaces dead external links on English Wikipedia articles with links to the relevant pages at the Internet Archive. At the beginning of the year, Cyberpower’s bot only fixed links that were marked with a deadlink template. Community Tech contributed code that can examine all the external links on a page, and detect dead links that haven’t been caught by contributors. The new version is currently running on English Wikipedia, and Cyberpower is working on bringing the service to Wikipedias in other languages.
Wish #2: Improved diff comparisons. When the length of a paragraph exceeds 10,000 bytes, the diff page wouldn’t show any changes made in that paragraph. WMF developer Max Semenik worked on raising the byte limit significantly, and deployed a fix in July that’s live on all wikis.
Wish #5: Numerical sorting in categories. This project fixes a longstanding problem on category listings – that pages which begin with numbers were sorted by initial digit. A list should be ordered like this – 7 Dwarfs, 12 Monkeys, 101 Dalmatians – but the old category collation had it the other way around. In September, Community Tech deployed a new collation system, which lists the numbers in the correct order. This fix is live on 18 Wikipedia languages now. If your home wiki doesn’t have numerical sorting yet, you can request it, after an RFC discussion on your wiki.
Wish #7: Pageview stats tool. The new Pageviews Analysis tool is live for all wikis now; we developed the tool with volunteer MusikAnimal, who later joined the Community Tech team.
Wish #9: Improve the plagiarism detection bot. Volunteer Eran created a bot that compared new text added to English Wikipedia with a search database, to identify potential plagiarism cases. The reporting interface that he created was difficult to use, and there was a mounting backlog of unchecked cases. Community Tech built CopyPatrol, a new tool that makes it easier for patrollers to find and fix the problems flagged by Eranbot. There’s currently a group of around six patrollers using CopyPatrol, and they’ve eliminated the backlog; suspected plagiarism cases are now being handled within a day. Community Tech is currently working on expanding the tool to work on other Wikipedia languages.

We're currently working on one wish:

Wish #4: Cross-wiki watchlist. Community Tech has created a technical plan for a global watchlist, and we’re currently making some necessary database changes. We’ll build a proof-of-concept prototype over the next few months, and our work on the new feature will continue into 2017.

Other WMF teams are currently working on two wishes:

Wish #3: Central repository for gadgets, templates and Lua modules. Foundational work is underway by WMF developer Legoktm.
Wish #6: Allow categories in Commons in all languages. This wish is being addressed by the Wikidata team’s work, building a structured data system on Commons.

We declined two wishes:

Wish #8: Global cross-wiki talk page. In order to work effectively, this would require a structured discussion system, which would probably be built on top of the existing Flow feature. However, since the Wishlist Survey, the Collaboration team has released cross-wiki notifications, and Community Tech is currently working on a cross-wiki watchlist, so the need for a single cross-wiki talk page is not as urgent as it was at the time of the survey. See the project page for a more in-depth discussion.
Wish #10: Add a user watchlist. This request for a watchlist based on other users’ edits was flagged by WMF’s Support and Safety team as a tool that could be used to facilitate hounding and harassment. People have offered several suggestions to reduce the likelihood that the user watchlist would be used in bad faith; those are discussed in detail on the project page.

There's more information about each of these, and the full list of 107 wishes, in our latest status report.

Call for participation: Building the 2016 wishlist

The 2016 Community Wishlist Survey will start November 7, and we’re changing parts of the process to reflect what we learned in the first one. This year, the focus of the initial two-week proposal period is for the community to collaboratively craft each proposal, to present the idea in a way that's most likely to succeed in the voting phase. When a proposal is submitted, everyone is invited to comment on that proposal, and help to make it better—asking questions, and suggesting changes. Duplicate proposals can be combined; very broad proposals should be split up into more specific ideas. The goal is to create the best possible proposal for the voting phase.

In the two-week voting phase that follows, contributors vote to support the proposals that they think are worthwhile, and the ideas are ranked by the number of support votes. This process gives us a way to measure the community’s enthusiasm for each idea.

The Community Tech team will work on the top ten wishes in 2017, as we did with last year’s survey, but we also want to make sure that we can help affiliates, admins, campaign leaders, and people who work on smaller projects. To accomplish this, we’ll also pick a number of proposals to work on that didn’t make it into the top 10, but are potentially of significant impact for smaller projects or user groups.

So we’re inviting all of you smart, passionate, and opinionated Wikimedians to come and help us figure out which problems need our attention the most. Join us to submit and discuss proposals (November 7–20), and then for the voting phase (November 28–December 12). We’ll see you there!

Other discussions

By Esquivalience

Pending changes to pending changes

The English Wikipedia has used pending changes protection since 2010, deferring non-autoconfirmed users' edits to administrators and those granted the pending changes reviewers right. One feature of the pending changes extension remains unused: the feature, referred to as PC2 (pending changes level 2), defers all edits by all editors except those able to review pending changes. In 2014, consensus was formally established for the use of pending changes. The community has left the criteria for the feature's use unaddressed, until the introduction of extended confirmed protection galvanized discussion on protection levels.

A new RfC proposes the use of PC2 as an alternative to extended confirmed protection, which bars editing from users with less than 500 edits and 30 days of editing history. The RfC seems to be gaining traction, potentially putting an end to the years of discussion on PC2.

Number swap

A long discussion has recently been closed on whether the articles from "1" to "100" (specifically the natural numbers from 1 to 100, or $[1,100]\cap \mathbb {N}$ for math geeks) should be used for the numbers themselves rather than the year in the Gregorian calendar.

Consensus has emerged that the years should find new homes as the numbers themselves move in to take the place as the primary topic (for example, the natural number 1 will be covered in 1 instead of the year 1). The debate now lies on whether to use AD or CE to describe the calendar era with increasing years, and whether to place the qualifier before or after the year.

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2016-11-04

New guideline for technical collaboration

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By Evad37 and Headbomb

Draft Technical Collaboration Guideline

A Technical Collaboration Guideline (TCG) has been drafted by the Wikimedia Foundation's Technical Collaboration team, led by Keegan Peterzell. The TCG documents best practices for involving the Wikimedia communities in technical developments and deployments. It focuses on communication and collaboration, rather than software creation processes, as development plans, goals, and expectations can vary between projects. The draft TCG has sections on software development principles, prioritisation, private planning, milestone communication, translation, and community decisions.

The initial TCG draft was based on discussions with the WMF's Community Liaisons and Product managers, reflecting on how to encourage collaboration, and past communication success and failures. Over the past few years, there have been multiple controversial product deployments, such as the VisualEditor (see previous Signpost coverage) and Media Viewer (see previous Signpost coverage).

The community is invited to review the proposed guideline and leave feedback. Discussion to date has focused on managing the translation load. E

Citation templates now better at flagging free-access content

Citation templates form an integral part of Wikipedia and are intimately linked to our policies on verifiability through reliable sources. Citation templates are currently used on more than 3,000,000 articles on the English Wikipedia. They are used to quickly format references and benefit from advanced logic that provides additional functionality; they facilitate both error-checking and bot-assistance maintenance, and integrate themselves with tools that allow for the automated filling of these templates based on external bibliographic databases such as CrossRef. For instance,

*{{cite journal |last1=Luallen |first1=R. J. |display-authors=etal |year=2016 |title=Discovery of a Natural Microsporidian Pathogen with a Broad Tissue Tropism in ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' |journal=PLOS Pathogens |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=e1005724 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1005724}}

will display the following fully formatted, machine-readable reference:

Luallen, R. J.; et al. (2016). "Discovery of a Natural Microsporidian Pathogen with a Broad Tissue Tropism in Caenorhabditis elegans". PLOS Pathogens. 12 (6): e1005724. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005724. PMC 4928854. PMID 27362540.

In brief

New user scripts to customise your Wikipedia experience

listPageOptions^[1] (source) by User:PerfektesChaos – Auxiliary functions for your watchlist (toggle display options; unwatch; mark as visited; hide certain types of pages and edits) and for Recent changes (toggle "group by page"; hide certain types of pages and edits).
WatchlistResetConfirm^[2] (source) by User:NQ – Adds a confirmation dialogue to the "Mark all pages as visited" button and resets the watchlist faster, without refreshing the page.

Newly approved bot tasks

OmniBot (task 6) – Remove requests for an infobox on article talk pages when the article in question already has an infobox.
PrimeBOT (approval) – Remove instances of a template which is being deleted.
PrimeBOT (task 2) – Convert category lists to wikilinks in draft pages.
BU RoBOT (task 28) – Tag articles for WikiProject Basketball.

Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community: 2016 #42, #43, & #44. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available on Meta.

Changes this week
- Now you can use autocomplete for page names in "Preview page with this template (what's this?)" field when editing templates. (Phabricator task T148324)
- Special:NewPages can now be filtered by page size. (Phabricator task T12817)
Recent changes
- There is a new newsletter from the Collaboration team at the Wikimedia Foundation. It will have more details about for example Flow and notifications. You can read the first issue.
- The "Search" text in the search box will show the name of the project. For example, on Wikipedia it will say "Search Wikipedia". (Phabricator task T144640)
- About a dozen wikis now have numerical sorting in categories. If your wiki wants numerical sorting in categories you can ask for it. (Phabricator task T146675)
- Some wikis that want numerical sorting in categories can also ask to use UCA to sort categories. The biggest difference is that characters with diacritics will be sorted together. For example, for most languages Ä will be sorted with A instead of at the end of the alphabet. This is not true for languages that have Ä as a character in their alphabet. Wikis that already use UCA are listed on Meta. Languages that can use UCA are listed on MediaWiki.org. You can test it.
- Now you can include Commons video films with subtitles in your wiki language. Before you could see translated videos on file page at Commons only. (Phabricator task T122737)
- Search now has an updated preference tab to configure the search completion suggester. (Phabricator task T148010)
- VisualEditor is now available on all wikis that use only one language script. (Phabricator task T142589)
Problems
- Some users got a warning about Wikipedia's security certificate on 13 October. The warnings reflected a problem with GlobalSign, which has now been fixed. Only a small number of users, with specific web browser/operating system combinations, got the warning. (Wikitech incident documentation)
- Editors couldn't edit semi-protected pages in the Wikipedia app for Android. This has now been fixed in the beta version. (Phabricator task T132834)
- The abuse filters had a problem and caught too many edits. This has now been fixed. (Phabricator task T148673)

Installation code

^ Copy the following code, click here, then paste:
importScript( 'User:PerfektesChaos/js/listPageOptions/r.js' ); // Backlink: User:PerfektesChaos/js/listPageOptions/r.js
^ Copy the following code, click here, then paste:
importScript( 'User:NQ/WatchlistResetConfirm.js' ); // Backlink: User:NQ/WatchlistResetConfirm.js

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2016-11-04

Cream of the crop

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By Armbrust

This Signpost "Featured content" report covers material promoted from 9 to 29 October.
Text may be adapted from the respective articles and lists; see their page histories for attribution.

Featured articles

Fourteen featured articles were promoted.

The Divisional Cavalry Regiment (nominated by Kges1901) was an armoured cavalry regiment of the 2nd New Zealand Division during the Second World War and was New Zealand's first armoured unit. It served as a reconnaissance force for the 2nd New Zealand Division. Formed in 1939, the regiment embarked for Egypt in 1940. It fought with the division, as part of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force, in Greece, Crete, North Africa and Italy. The regiment formed part of J Force, New Zealand's contribution to the occupation of Japan at the end of the war. Stationed in southern Kyushu, it was disbanded in 1947.
SMS Kaiser Karl der Grosse (nominated by Parsecboy) was a German pre-dreadnought battleship of the Kaiser Friedrich III class, built around the turn of the 20th century for the Kaiserliche Marine. It was built in Hamburg, at the Blohm and Voss shipyard. Completed in 1902, it served with the active fleet until 1908, when it was withdrawn from active service and placed in the Reserve Division. At the outbreak of World War I, the ship was placed back in active duty as a coastal defense ship, though in 1915 she was again placed in reserve. Kaiser Karl der Grosse was briefly used as a training ship and ended her career as a prison ship. Following the German defeat in 1918, she was sold to ship-breakers and scrapped in 1920. The ship was armed with four 24 cm (9.4 in) guns in two twin gun turrets and had a top speed of 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph).
Weird Tales (nominated by Mike Christie) is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in 1923. The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble. Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher to Lansinger and refinanced Weird Tales, with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor. The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years. In 1938 the magazine was sold to William Delaney, and within two years Wright was replaced by Dorothy McIlwraith as editor. The magazine is considered by critics to have declined under McIlwraith from its heyday in the 1930s. Weird Tales ceased publication in 1954, but since then numerous attempts have been made to relaunch it, starting in 1973. The longest-lasting version began in 1988 and ran for over 20 years under an assortment of publishers. As of 2016, the most recent published issue was dated Spring 2014.
Neal Dow (nominated by Coemgenus) (1804–1897) was an American prohibition advocate and politician. In 1850, Dow was elected president of the Maine Temperance Union, and the next year was elected mayor of Portland. As mayor of Portland, Dow enforced the Maine Law with vigor and called for increasingly harsh penalties for violators. In 1855, his opponents rioted and he ordered the state militia to fire on the crowd. One man was killed and several wounded, and when public reaction to the violence turned against Dow, he chose not to face the voters for reelection. Dow was later elected to two terms in the state legislature, but retired after a financial scandal. He joined the Union Army shortly after the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, eventually attaining the rank of brigadier general. In 1880, Dow headed the Prohibition Party ticket for President of the United States. He gained very few votes, but continued to write and speak on behalf of the prohibition movement for the rest of his life.
Secretariat (nominated by Montanabw and Jlvsclrk) (1970–1989) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who, in 1973, became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years. During his racing career, he won five Eclipse Awards, and was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1974. His record-breaking win in the Belmont Stakes, where he left the field 31 lengths behind him, is widely regarded as one of the greatest races of all time.
Hope (nominated by Iridescent) is a Symbolist oil painting by the English painter George Frederic Watts, the first two versions of which were completed in 1886. Radically different from previous treatments of the subject, it shows a lone blindfolded female figure sitting on a globe, playing a lyre which has only a single string remaining. The background is almost blank, its only visible feature a single star. Watts intentionally used symbolism not traditionally associated with hope to make the painting's meaning ambiguous. While his use of colour in Hope was greatly admired, at the time of its exhibition many critics disliked the painting. Hope proved popular with the Aesthetic Movement, who considered beauty the primary purpose of art and were unconcerned by the ambiguity of its message. In the 20th century Martin Luther King Jr. and Jeremiah Wright both based influential sermons on the painting. Obama took "The Audacity of Hope" as the theme of his 2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address, and as the title of his 2006 book; he based his successful 2008 presidential campaign around the theme of "Hope".
Heavy metals (nominated by Sandbh) are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context. More specific definitions have been published but none of these have been widely accepted. The definitions surveyed in this article encompass up to 96 out of the 118 chemical elements; only mercury, lead and bismuth meet all of them. Despite this lack of agreement the term is widely used in science.
Eega (nominated by Pavanjandhyala) is a 2012 Indian bilingual fantasy film written by K. V. Vijayendra Prasad and directed by his son, S. S. Rajamouli. It was produced by Varahi Chalana Chitram with an estimated budget of ₹260 to 400 million, and was made simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil. The narrative of Eega is in the form of a bedtime story told by a father to his daughter. Its protagonist is Nani, who is in love with his neighbour Bindu. Nani is murdered by a wealthy businessman named Sudeep, who is attracted to Bindu and considers Nani a rival. Nani reincarnates as a housefly and tries to protect Bindu while avenging his death. The performances of the principal cast, Rajamouli's direction, and visual effects received critical acclaim upon release.
Chad Harris-Crane (nominated by Aoba47) is a fictional character on the American soap opera Passions, which aired on NBC from 1999 to 2007 and on DirecTV in 2007–08. Developed by the soap's creator and head writer James E. Reilly, Chad was portrayed by two actors over the course of the show: Donn Swaby and Charles Divins. Critical response to Chad was mixed; some reviewers praised the sensationalism of the incest storyline with Whitney Russell, while others criticized his relationship with Vincent Clarkson as an irresponsible and problematic representation of racial and sexual identity. The character marks a notable step in daytime television and soap opera history; as it was the first depiction in a soap opera of two men having sex. Chad has also been cited as expanding the representation of LGBT characters of color on daytime television.
Ontario Highway 420 (nominated by Floydian) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Queen Elizabeth Way with downtown Niagara Falls. It continues east as a limited-access expressway to connect with the Rainbow Bridge international crossing between Canada and the United States over the Niagara River. West of the Queen Elizabeth Way, the freeway ends at an at-grade intersection with Montrose Road.
The Cleveland Centennial half dollar (nominated by Wehwalt) is a commemorative United States half dollar struck at the Philadelphia Mint in 1936 and 1937, though all bear the earlier date. It was issued to mark the 100th anniversary of Cleveland, Ohio as an incorporated city, and in commemoration of the Great Lakes Exposition, held in Cleveland in 1936.
HMS Alceste (nominated by Ykraps) was built at Rochefort in 1804 for the French Navy as Minerve, an Armide-class frigate. The British seized her in an action in 1806, and the Royal Navy took the ship into service as Alceste in 1807; Alceste then continued to serve throughout the Napoleonic Wars. In 1814, Alceste was converted to a troopship and used to transport British soldiers to North America during the War of 1812. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1815, Alceste carried Lord Amherst on his 1816 diplomatic mission to China. On the return journey, she struck a reef in the Java Sea; her wreck was subsequently plundered and burned by Malayan pirates.
"Don't Say You Love Me" (nominated by Freikorp) is the debut single by M2M. The song first appeared on Radio Disney before its official US radio and single release in 1999. It was released on the soundtrack to the film Pokémon: The First Movie and appears in the film's closing credits. The song was featured on M2M's debut album, Shades of Purple, and also appeared on their compilation album The Day You Went Away: The Best of M2M. The song received positive reviews. It reached number 2 in Norway, number 4 in both Australia and New Zealand, number 16 in the UK and number 21 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was certified gold in the United States and Australia and remained M2M's biggest hit.
The Turboliners (nominated by Mackensen) were a family of gas turbine trainsets built for Amtrak in the 1970s. They were among the first new equipment purchased by Amtrak and represented an attempt to update its fleet with faster, more modern trains. The new trains led to ridership increases wherever they were used; the fixed consist proved a detriment as demand outstripped supply. The last Turboliner trainsets left revenue service in 2003.

Featured lists

Six featured lists were promoted.

Alyssa Milano (born 1972) is an American actress, producer, and former singer. She recorded songs (nominated by Aoba47) for four studio albums, two compilation albums, and an exercise video.
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoueverable, long-distance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers. Sixteen destroyers have served, or currently serve, in the Indian Navy. (nominated by Krishna Chaitanya Velaga) The navy operates 10 guided-missile destroyers from three classes: Kolkata class, Delhi class, and Rajput class. Six other destroyers (three R class and three Hunt class) have been decommissioned and scrapped.
Square Enix Europe is a British video game publisher which is wholly owned by Square Enix. Square Enix acquired game publisher Eidos plc in 2009, which was then merged with Square Enix's European publishing wing and reorganized as Square Enix Europe. Since its formation Square Enix Europe published 35 retail, downloadable, and mobile games. (nominated by PresN)
In professional wrestling, championships are competed for in pre-determined matches and as a result of storylines by a professional wrestling promotion roster of wrestlers. As of 2016 the Mexican Lucha libre or professional wrestling promotion known as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre promotes 23 different championships (nominated by MPJ-DK); 12 championships designated as World Championships in various divisions, 5 championships on a national level and 6 championships on a regional level. There are thirteen male singles championships spread out over various weight classes, three championships for tag teams, three for Trios (three-man teams), two for female competitors and two for Mini-Estrella competitors.
The Ariel Award for Best Director (nominated by Jaespinoza) is an award presented by the Academia Mexicana de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas in Mexico. It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the Mexican film industry. With the exception of the years 1959 to 1971, when the Ariel Awards were suspended, the award has been given annually. Nominees and winners are determined by a committee formed every year consisting of academy members, previous winners and individuals with at least two Ariel nominations. David Pablos is the latest recipient.
Essex is a county in the east of England. It has an area of 1,420 sq mi (3,700 km²), with a coastline of 400 mi (640 km), and a population of 1,393,600 (according to the 2011 census). As of August 2016, there are 86 Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex (nominated by Dudley Miles). There are 19 sites with a purely geological interest, 64 sites for biological interest and a further three sites are designated for both reasons.

Featured pictures

Fourteen featured pictures were promoted.

Winter Palace
(created and nominated by Godot13)
Ceiling of San Stanislao alle Botteghe Oscure
(created and nominated by Livioandronico2013)
BMW S1000RR
(created by Ritchyblack; nominated by FakeShemp)
European robin, juvenile
(created and nominated by Charlesjsharp)
Black-bellied whistling ducks
(created and nominated by Charlesjsharp)
Michael Ancher
(created by unknown author; restored and nominated by Adam Cuerden)
Denver in 1898
(created by William Henry Jackson; restored and nominated by Bammesk)
Lansdowne portrait
(created by Gilbert Stuart; nominated by Spongie555)
Chesme Column
(created and nominated by Godot13)
Ha-ha
(created and nominated by Godot13)
Vision of St. John on Patmos
(created by Antonio da Correggio; photographed and nominated by Livioandronico2013)
Tarred-and-feathered farmer
(created by unknown author; restored and nominated by Opencooper)
Royal Albert Hall
(created and nominated by Colin)
Monument to Nicholas I
(created and nominated by Godot13)

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2016-11-04

Un-presidential politics

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By Milowent and Serendipodous

Your Traffic Reports for the weeks of October 9-15, 15-22, and 23-29, 2016.

October 9–15, 2016

The U.S. presidential election dominated the charts for another week, keyed off of the rather distasteful second presidential debate held on October 9. Is it over yet? NO! Not until November 8.

For the full top-25 lists (and archives back to January 2013), see WP:TOP25. See this section for an explanation of any exclusions. For a list of the most-edited articles every week, see WP:MOSTEDITED.

For the week of October 9–15, the 25 most popular articles on Wikipedia, as determined from the WP:5000 report were:

Rank	Article	Views	Notes
1	Donald Trump	1,951,789	The second U.S. presidential debate occurred on October 9 and it was a rather nasty one by American standards.
2	Billy Bush	1,451,164	It's been an interesting time for the cousin of Jeb and Dubya. First he was blasted for failing to catch Ryan Lochte out on his preschool lying, and then the tape of his 2005 talk with Donald Trump came out.
3	Hillary Clinton	1,009,711	That Billy Bush got more views than Clinton tells you the 2005 Trump videotape was a huge story of interest.
4	Bhumibol Adulyadej	921,863	The King of Thailand died on October 13, after 70 years on the throne. Think about that for a minute. During his reign, David Bowie was born, lived his whole life, and died of old age. His subjects revered him (he is already being called "the Great") but his son, the crown prince Vajiralongkorn (see #12), is generally seen in unflattering terms, though thanks to Thailand's merciless Lèse-majesté laws, which ban public criticism of the Royal Family, such opinions are not expressed openly. Thailand has been in a state of semi-permanent political crisis for more than a decade, and is currently under the control of a military junta. Much now depends on how the Thai people react to the succession, though given the myriad pressures involved, no one can guess what the outcome will be.
5	Bob Dylan	915,438	The famed singer-songwriter won the Nobel Prize for Literature. A rather unusual pick, the first musician in the history of the award, and thus is getting a fair amount of attention.
6	Westworld (TV series)	910,820	To be clear: this is not based on a novel by Michael Crichton: Crichton was a filmmaker as well as a novelist, and Westworld was a film he both wrote and directed back in the 1970s. But whereas that was a straightforward "monsters on the loose" movie, about a Western-themed amusement park staffed by hyperrealistic robots who go insane and start murdering the guests (sound familiar?), this series looks like it will be taking a more thoughtful, hard scifi approach, with the robots' gradual evolution from programming to quasi-consciousness forming the main plot thread. With a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and ratings of just under 2 million (roughly what Game of Thrones received when it began), it's off to a solid start, though whether it will be the show to carry HBO past Game of Thrones's end remains to be seen.
7	MS The World	681,608	Courtesy of Reddit: [1]
8	Seat belt	648,726	As learned in a Reddit thread this week, Volvo invented the seat belt, but gave the patent away because they believed lives were more important than profit. And yet, we still buy other cars.
9	Bill Clinton	638,332	Bill Clinton's and Donald Trump's relationships with women have been the stuff of gossip columns for some time. Not going to say anything more to feed the internet troll machines.
10	Luke Cage	629,293	Down from #1 last week. Marvel's Blaxploitation-themed superhero (a.k.a. Power Man) has been a cult favourite for decades (Nicolas Cage named himself after him), but has never seen mainstream success, until now; as played by Mike Colter, pictured, he stars as the hero of his own eponymous series on Netflix.

Week of October 16–22, 2016

As the U.S presidential election approaches, Donald Trump is again number one in our Halloween edition rankings. His refusal at the last debate to say whether he will accept the election result if he loses raised much concern in the press. In other news, Reddit cracked the 5-topic barrier again. I wonder if this is the new normal or just an artifact from the end of summer?

For the week of October 16–22, 2016, the ten most popular articles on Wikipedia, as determined from the WP:5000 report were:

Rank	Article	Views	Notes
1	Donald Trump	2,140,830	The second U.S. presidential debate was nasty; the final one was scary. Trump's statement that he would "keep us in suspense" regarding whether or not he would accept the election result (an election he has already repeatedly described as "rigged") may have engendered more suspense than he intended (or not. Who knows?).
2	Witch window	831,274	I'd need to check but this could be the highest-charting Reddit thread since we started the project. These diagonal windows, found almost exclusively in 19th-century farmhouses in Vermont, were intended to ward off witches, since they couldn't fly their broomsticks through them. OK, so what about all the other windows? The thread's popularity is likely due to the approach of Halloween, a holiday that usually has little impact on this list.
3	2004 Harvard–Yale prank	739,821	Another Reddit thread, this one concerning a practical joke at the annual Harvard–Yale football game in which Yale supporters handed out cards for the Harvard supporters to flash, and when used together spelled out "WE SUCK". You gotta hand it to whoever came up with that, and even more for pulling it off.
4	Westworld (TV series)	729,784	To be clear: this is not based on a novel by Michael Crichton: Crichton was a filmmaker as well as a novelist, and Westworld was a film he both wrote and directed back in the 1970s. But whereas that was a straightforward "monsters on the loose" movie, about a Western-themed amusement park staffed by hyperrealistic robots who go insane and start murdering the guests (sound familiar?), this series looks like it will be taking a more thoughtful, hard scifi approach, with the robots' gradual evolution from programming to quasi-consciousness forming the main plot thread. With a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and ratings of just under 2 million (roughly what Game of Thrones received when it began), it's off to a solid start, though whether it will be the show to carry HBO past Game of Thrones's end remains to be seen.
5	Logan (film)	669,776	The next film in the X-Men film series will feature the final outings of both Patrick Stewart as Professor X and Hugh Jackman as Logan, a.k.a Wolverine. The surprisingly touching trailer launched this week, and generated a great deal of positive buzz.
6	Hillary Clinton	650,343	Clinton continues to be less interesting to our readers than "what will he do next?" Trump, despite public opinion appearing to agree that she won all three debates.
7	Michel'le	646,377	The R&B singer and former girlfriend of both Dr Dre and Suge Knight, both of whom she claims beat her repeatedly, was the subject of a hit docudrama on Lifetime this week, Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le.
8	Melania Trump	631,945	Spouse of #1.
9	Deaths in 2016	606,553	The views for the annual list of deaths are remarkably consistent on a day to day basis. It is consistently higher in the first half of 2016 with a string of highly notable deaths, but things seem to be calming down a bit. Where the article appears in this chart is entirely dependent on how many subjects in a week happened to exceed this bellwether in views.
10	Dr. Dre	486,086	The billionaire music producer and ex-boyfriend of Michel'le (see above) filed a cease and desist order against the premiere of the docudrama Surviving Compton, claiming that he never beat her, as the program alleges. He also threatened to sue Michel'le for defamation of character.

Week of October 23-29, 2016

In a week where no article could break one million views, a Google Doodle celebrating Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who discovered bacteria, tops the chart. Replacing the dominance of U.S. politics with an article about the human search for knowledge is heartening. Beyond that, Wikipedia readers filled their brains with The Walking Dead television show, filling up three slots in the Top 10, and six in the Top 25.

For the week of October 23 to 29, 2016, the ten most popular articles on Wikipedia, as determined from the WP:5000 report were:

Rank	Article	Views	Notes
1	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek	970,522	For the first time this year, the top article of the week received under one million views. (The last time was when Donald Trump led with 914K views for December 6-12, 2015.) Yet, the top honors still go to the Dutch scientist, whose birthday was celebrated by a Google Doodle on October 24 which celebrated his discovery of "little animals", or animalcules, now known as bacteria.
2	The Walking Dead (TV series)	967,104	Season 7 (#8) of the popular television show, a mainstay of this chart when it is airing, debuted on October 23.
3	Donald Trump	898,740	No matter what you do, Donald Trump is always near the top of your Internet. Pageviews show his views were steady this week, in the general range of 110-150K per day, except for Saturday Oct 29 when it received only 81,915 views.
4	Pete Burns	771,654	The leader of the band Dead or Alive, best known for the 1985 hit You Spin Me Round (Like a Record), died on October 23 at age 57 of cardiac arrest. You Spin Me Round was a fairly eccentric song to became a hit in the United States. In later years, Burns received attention in British media when he appeared on Celebrity Big Brother 4 in 2006.
5	Chicago Cubs	764,703	The American baseball team has not won a World Series since 1908, but made it to the 2016 World Series, playing against the Cleveland Indians.
6	Negan	742,226	The Walking Dead character first appeared in the last season's finale.
7	Halloween	728,419	Views were up in anticipation of the October 31 holiday.
8	The Walking Dead (season 7)	719,418	See #2.
9	List of Black Mirror episodes	711,183	Series 3 of the British show Black Mirror (#14) created by Charlie Brooker (pictured) debuted on October 21.
10	Doctor Strange (film)	684,854	The Marvel superhero film based on the character of Doctor Strange had its Hollywood premiere on October 20, and in the UK and some other markets on October 25. It will debut in the United States on November 4. Benedict Cumberbatch stars in the title role.

Reader comments

2016-11-04

Recapping October's activities

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By GamerPro64

This edition of the Arbitration Report covers the month of October 2016.

Michael Hardy case

On 1 October, the Michael Hardy case closed. ArbCom issued remedies, reminders were given to Michael Hardy and MjolnirPants, and ArbCom reminded itself to exercise care about scope creep when taking up future cases.

The Rambling Man case

The Rambling Man case closed on 13 October. The Rambling Man resigned his administrator role and is "prohibited from insulting and/or belittling other editors." Other remedies include The Rambling Man and George Ho having an interaction ban and George Ho being restricted from selecting main page content. ArbCom also encouraged the Wikipedia community "to review the selection process for the Did you know and In the news sections of the main page."

Administrator desysoped and banned

On 5 October, a CheckUser on Ricky81682, a ten-year administrator with more than 100,000 Wikipedia edits, revealed that they had used multiple accounts from 13 July to 7 August 2016. Activities included articles for deletion; the user did not account for the sock puppetry. The Committee removed Ricky's administration rights and banned them indefinitely. In the event the ban is lifted, the user will be eligible for a new request for adminship.

In brief

Changes in CheckUser and Oversight teams: Throughout the month of October, a change of positions in CheckUser and Oversight occurred. Coren had CheckUser permissions removed due to inactivity. Euryalus, FloNight, and Roger Davies also resigned from their teams. In their place, ArbCom appointed KrakatoaKatie as a CheckUser and Oversighter and MusikAnimal as a CheckUser. Ks0stm returned to Oversight duty after being inactive and Beeblebrox returned to the Oversight and CheckUser teams after resigning in May 2015.

Arbitration motion regarding GamerGate: Due to the inactivity of admin Zad68, the discretionary sanction on the Talk:Gamergate controversy was lifted. The Gamergate article itself remains under the controversial 30/500 protection policy.

Reader comments

2016-11-04

Why women edit less, and where they are overrepresented; article importance and quality; predicting elections from Wikipedia

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By Giuseppe Profiti, Tilman Bayer, Morten Warncke-Wang, Jonathan Morgan, and Zareen Farooqui

A monthly overview of recent academic research about Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, also published as the Wikimedia Research Newsletter.

"Gender gap on Wikipedia: visible in all categories?"

Reviewed by Giuseppe Profiti

Asteroids are among the categories with the most overrepresentation of male editors, and figure skating among those with most female overrepresentation

This bachelor thesis^[1] looks for gender imbalance among editors for specific categories in the English Wikipedia. The analysis is based on the edits of users who publicly disclosed their gender (about 176 thousand) to more than 3.7 million articles in 470 categories (derived from DBpedia's ontology, rather than Wikipedia's inbuilt category system). The thesis first establishes the distribution of editors by gender (roughly 85% males and 15% females). The number of edits by each group is statistically compared to that baseline distribution. For each category, if it varies from the baseline, it is considered to represent a gender gap, i.e. that editors from that gender are overrepresented in that category.

The results show that despite the huge imbalance in the two groups, pages in some categories receive more edits from users belonging to one gender, while other categories are dominated by the other one. As the "Top five categories where male editors are most overrepresented", the author lists "YearInSpaceflight", "Asteroid", "BaseballSeason", "MotorsportSeason", and "FormulaOneTeam". He observes sports as recurring theme "throughout all significant 'male categories'. Besides sports other recurring subjects are transport and politics." On the other hand, "the categories with a female overrepresentation show somewhat less obvious recurring themes. Many of these categories are more or less culture related however." The five categories with the most female overrepresentation are "FigureSkater", "Skater", "Garden", "GaelicGamesPlayer", and "Mollusca".

While highlighting some information on such unbalanced distribution, the underlying hypothesis could be further explored by using the quantity of text changed in each edit and other patterns mentioned by the author.

(See related Signpost coverage from 2011: "New tool analyzes article contributors' gender and location")

Quality and importance in different language editions

Reviewed by Morten Warncke-Wang

While much is known about the quality of Wikipedia articles, less is known about how the different language editions assess article importance. The English Wikipedia's article about waffles is for instance labelled "top-importance" by WikiProject Breakfast, the highest category possible, but at the same time labelled "high importance" by WikiProject Food and Drink (you can find both of these labels on waffle’s talk page). A paper at the International Conference on Information and Software Technologies studies titled "Quality and Importance of Wikipedia Articles in Different Languages"^[2] studies the connection between importance and quality. The paper's three research questions look at whether importance affects quality, what parameters are useful for applying machine learning to automatically assess importance, and if there are differences between how language editions model importance.

The English edition offers the most data on article importance, and the paper therefore uses a dataset of English articles to test if importance affects quality. Using a random forest classifier and a model with 85 parameters, a modest increase in classifier performance is found when importance is added as a parameter, indicating that importance affects quality. The same dataset and model is then trained to predict article importance, finding that about two-thirds of top- and low-importance articles can be correctly identified. Lastly the paper compares the importance of model features between different language editions, finding many differences, although these are not described in more detail.

Research on aspects of article quality across different language editions is an area that has not received a lot of attention, making this paper a welcome addition to the literature. It is also great to see article importance being studied. At the same time, this paper could have made a much stronger contribution through comparisons against a sensible baseline (this reviewer notes that the paper cites an in-press paper by the same authors^{[supp 1]}, although that paper's results do not appear to be available in English) because the classifier performance appears to be similar to for instance ORES although ORES uses a model with a lot fewer parameters. A deeper investigation into article importance would also be worthwhile, for example because importance differs between topic areas, as exemplified by the article on waffle described earlier.

Why women edit less: a controlled experiment

Reviewed by Jonathan Morgan

Researchers have attempted to quantify Wikipedia's gender gap and its impact on content type and quality, and to understand the reasons for the gender gap. A new journal article^[3] attempts to experimentally evaluate several hypotheses for why women tend to edit Wikipedia less than men do.

The researchers asked 192 male and female college students to contribute a draft essay about school bullying. The version of the draft that participants were asked to work on had already been edited by four other users (secretly, the researchers themselves), identified by pseudonyms. Two of the pseudonyms were obviously gendered ("Ms Trouble", "Mr Football"), and two were gender neutral ("Cheerios4Life", "AnonymousOne"). Since most people are not familiar with the mechanics of wiki editing, the researchers used a Microsoft Word document with "track changes" enabled as a platform for the editing task, to simulate the versioning and commenting capabilities of MediaWiki pages. The researchers also surveyed the students to gather relevant demographic and psychometric data, and compared their survey responses with their editing behaviors.

Findings from this study include that while women edited more than men overall (contributed more words to the draft), they were less likely to edit under the conditions designed to approximate the social environment of Wikipedia. Specifically, women edited less where there were few or no female-identified collaborators present, and where feedback from the pseudonymous collaborators was neutral (vs. constructive). Interestingly, female participants also tended to assume that one of the non-gendered pseudonyms ("AnonymousOne") was male, and also evaluate feedback from that editor as more critical than male participants who received the same feedback. Based on these findings, the researchers suggest that increasing the visibility of female editors and encouraging constructive feedback may encourage more women to edit Wikipedia.

"Wikipedia traffic data and electoral prediction: towards theoretically informed models"

Reviewed by Zareen Farooqui

This research^[4] aims to explore the relationship between Wikipedia page view statistics and electoral results during the 2009 and 2014 European Parliament elections in regards to overall voter turnout and individual party results. The article suggests two reasons why voters might seek information: to research new parties which are beyond the voter's familiarity, and to research alternative party options if a voter is unhappy with the party they previously supported (thus becoming swing voters).

The first dataset used in this research is Wikipedia page views data on the general election page in 14 different languages (those which are the primary languages of the voting countries). The second dataset includes political parties which had at least 5% vote share in the 2009 and/or 2014 elections in the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Italy. The researchers gathered additional data points such as number of views to the political party's Wikipedia page the week before the election, the final percentage of vote share each party received, whether a party was new, whether a party was incumbent, and the number of times each party was mentioned in print media during the week before the election.

Comparing the relative change in page views to the EU Parliament elections article and total voter turnout in the 2009 and 2014 elections indicates that interest in election events is proportional to levels of readership on Wikipedia. This research suggests that often the party garnering the most page views does not win the election, rather, it may be a smaller party which interested swing voters. Figure 1(a) shows a high correlation between print media mentions and overall voter share for parties. Figure 1(b) shows Wikipedia page views may predict a new party's success, while news outlet mentions are better at predicting an established party's success.

The research tests the theory that an increase in Wikipedia page views may suggest an increase to votes for a party using three linear ordinary least squares regression models. The first model is a baseline of past voting results. The second model is also a baseline model which includes past voting results, along with all other non-Wikipedia related data collected. These baseline models serve as a comparison to the third model, which includes all the previously modeled data, along with two Wikipedia-related parameters. The models show that Wikipedia can be considered a predictor of voter outcome, but it only marginally improves upon the baseline models. Wikipedia's predictive power lies in predicting the amount a party's vote share may increase or decrease from the previous election cycle.

As noted by the researchers, one limitation of this article is that the data is at an aggregated level, while all theories are at the micro level. Also, it is unclear what number of Wikipedia page views reflect voters versus other groups, such as journalists or those those affiliated with the parties.

(See also our 2014 coverage of some related blog posts by the same authors: "Wikipedia use driven by news media or replacing news media?")

Briefly

Conferences and events

See the research events page on Meta-wiki for upcoming conferences and events, including submission deadlines.

Other recent publications

Other recent publications that could not be covered in time for this issue include the items listed below. contributions are always welcome for reviewing or summarizing newly published research.

"Disinformation on the Web: impact, characteristics, and detection of Wikipedia hoaxes"^[5] From the abstract: "We find that, while most hoaxes are detected quickly and have little impact on Wikipedia, a small number of hoaxes survive long and are well cited across the Web. Second, we characterize the nature of successful hoaxes by comparing them to legitimate articles and to failed hoaxes that were discovered shortly after being created. We find characteristic differences in terms of article structure and content, embeddedness into the rest of Wikipedia, and features of the editor who created the hoax. Third, we successfully apply our findings to address a series of classification tasks, most notably to determine whether a given article is a hoax. And finally, we describe and evaluate a task involving humans distinguishing hoaxes from non-hoaxes. We find that humans are not good at solving this task and that our automated classifier outperforms them by a big margin."
"Where are the women in Wikipedia? Understanding the different psychological experiences of men and women in Wikipedia"^[6] From the abstract: "We analyzed data from a sample of 1,598 individuals in the United States who completed the English version of an international survey of Wikipedia users and readers conducted in 2008 and who reported being occasional contributors. ... Women reported less confidence in their expertise, expressed greater discomfort with editing (which typically involves conflict) and reported more negative responses to critical feedback compared to men. Mediation analyses revealed that confidence in expertise and discomfort with editing partially mediated the gender difference in number of articles edited, the standard measure for contribution to Wikipedia." (See also our 2012 coverage of a related paper by the same authors: "Gender gap connected to conflict aversion and lower confidence among women")
"Wikipedia and stock return: Wikipedia usage pattern helps to predict the individual stock movement"^[7] From the abstract: "We provide evidence that data on how often a company’s Wikipedia page is being viewed is linked to its subsequent performance in the stock market. We then develop a portfolio in line with the Wikipedia usages and demonstrate that our investment strategy based on Wikipedia views is profitable both financially and statistically."
"Editing diversity in: reading diversity discourses on Wikipedia"^[8] From the abstract: "... the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has devoted a fair amount of time and resources to tackling [Wikipedia's] ‘gender gap.’ While we acknowledge the good intentions of the WMF and volunteer efforts to improve conditions for women editors on Wikipedia, we argue that borrowing from corporatized diversity initiatives more effectively supports organizational growth rather than addresses the underlying reasons behind women’s low representation and participation."
"Circadian patterns on Wikipedia edits"^[9] From the abstract: "We ... show in this work that Wikipedia editing presents well defined periodic patterns with respect to daily, weekly and monthly activity. In addition, we also show the periodic nature of the number of inter-event in time."
From the rest of the paper: "Our data sample is a database of WP edits, of pages written in English in the period of about 10 years ending in January 2010 ... In general, [the 100 most active] editors have the main power peak at ∼ 1.157 × 10⁻⁵ Hz corresponding to a period of 24 h and a second peak at ∼ 2.315 × 10⁻⁵ Hz, matching a 12 h period, a harmonic from the main frequency. ... The highest activity peak can switch between mornings and evenings, depending on the day. In the process of WP editing, the change of activity patterns on week-ends is clear. ... Along the year the intensity of activity seems conditioned by holidays."
See also our 2011 coverage of a related paper: "Wikipedians' weekends in international comparison"
"Computational fact checking from knowledge networks"^[10] From the abstract: "we show that the complexities of human fact checking can be approximated quite well by finding the shortest path between concept nodes under properly defined semantic proximity metrics on knowledge graphs. Framed as a network problem this approach is feasible with efficient computational techniques. We evaluate this approach by examining tens of thousands of claims related to history, entertainment, geography, and biographical information using a public knowledge graph extracted from Wikipedia. Statements independently known to be true consistently receive higher support via our method than do false ones."
"Challenges of mathematical information retrieval in the NTCIR-11 Math Wikipedia Task"^[11] From the abstract: "... the optional Wikipedia Task provides a test collection for retrieval of individual mathematical formula from Wikipedia based on search topics that contain exactly one formula pattern. We developed a framework for automatic query generation and immediate evaluation."
"Quantifying the relationship between hit count estimates and Wikipedia article traffic"^[12]^{[predatory publisher]} From the abstract: "This paper analyzes the relationship between search engine hit counts and Wikipedia article views by evaluating the cross correlation between them. We observe the hit count estimates of three popular search engines over a month and compare them with the Wikipedia page views. The strongest cross correlations are recorded with their delays in days."
"LeadWise: using online bots to recruite and guide expert volunteers"^[13] From the abstract: "we propose LeadWise, a system that uses social media bots to recruit and guide contributions from experts to assist non-profits in reaching their goals. ... We focus in particular on experts who can help Wikipedia in its objective of reducing the gender gap by covering more women in its articles. Results from our first pilot show that LeadWise was able to obtain a noteworthy number of expert participants in a two week period with limited requests to targeted specialists."
From the rest of the article: "We created 'CauseBots' [on Twitter] which are bots that present themselves as a social cause (hiding that the accounts are an automated agent). We also created 'AgentBots' which are bots that present themselves as bots supporting a social cause. ... the first thing all of LeadWise’s bots do is build a 'supportive audience' with experts. ... Once [they have] a supportive audience with over fifteen members, the bots follow the same behavioural rules to request and guide participation: They publicly ask for the names of women who should be added to Wikipedia. ... We primarily focused on Spanish speaking experts in gender equality. ... We considered that experts were individuals who tweeted heavily about gender equality. Both bots looked for users mentioning related Spanish keywords, such as 'equidad de genero,' and who had already published a large number of related tweets (over 50). ... In total, 22 new women were added [by these experts recruited on Twitter] to the list of Wikipedia articles to cover." TB

References

^ Schrijver, Paul (2016-05-25). Gender gap on Wikipedia: visible in all categories? (Thesis). University of Amsterdam. (bachelor thesis)
^ Lewoniewski, Włodzimierz; Węcel, Krzysztof; Abramowicz, Witold (2016-10-13). "Quality and Importance of Wikipedia Articles in Different Languages". In Giedre Dregvaite; Robertas Damasevicius (eds.). Information and Software Technologies. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 639. Springer International Publishing. pp. 613–624. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46254-7_50. ISBN 9783319462547.
^ Shane-Simpson, Christina; Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen (2016-10-06). "Examining potential mechanisms underlying the Wikipedia gender gap through a collaborative editing task". Computers in Human Behavior. 66 (January 2017): 312–328. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.043.
^ Yasseri, Taha; Bright, Jonathan (2016-06-18). "Wikipedia traffic data and electoral prediction: towards theoretically informed models". EPJ Data Science. 5 (1). doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0083-3. S2CID 256241960.
^ Kumar, Srijan; West, Robert; Leskovec, Jure (2016). "Disinformation on the Web: impact, characteristics, and detection of Wikipedia hoaxes" (PDF). Proceedings of the 25th International World Wide Web Conference. WWW 2016. doi:10.1145/2872427.2883085. ISBN 978-1-4503-4143-1.
^ Bear, Julia B.; Collier, Benjamin (2016-01-04). "Where are the women in Wikipedia? Understanding the different psychological experiences of men and women in Wikipedia". Sex Roles. 74 (5–6): 254–265. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y. S2CID 255003641. Author's copy (free account required)
^ Wei, Pengyu; Wang, Ning (2016). "Wikipedia and stock return: Wikipedia usage pattern helps to predict the individual stock movement" (PDF). Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web. WWW '16 Companion. Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. pp. 591–594. ISBN 9781450341448.
^ MacAulay, Maggie; Visser, Rebecca (2016-05-01). "Editing diversity in: reading diversity discourses on Wikipedia". Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology.
^ Gandica, Y.; Lambiotte, R.; Carletti, T.; Aidos, F. Sampaio dos; Carvalho, J. (2016-03-06). "Circadian Patterns on Wikipedia Edits". In Hocine Cherifi; Bruno Gonçalves; Ronaldo Menezes; Roberta Sinatra (eds.). Complex Networks VII. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Vol. 644. Springer International Publishing. pp. 293–300. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30569-1_22. ISBN 9783319305684.
^ Ciampaglia, Giovanni Luca; Shiralkar, Prashant; Rocha, Luis M.; Bollen, Johan; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro (2015-06-17). "Computational fact checking from knowledge networks". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0128193. arXiv:1501.03471. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1028193C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128193. PMC 4471100. PMID 26083336.
^ Schubotz, Moritz; Youssef, Abdou; Markl, Volker; Cohl, Howard S. (2015). "Challenges of mathematical information retrieval in the NTCIR-11 Math Wikipedia Task". Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. SIGIR '15. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 951–954. doi:10.1145/2766462.2767787. ISBN 978-1-4503-3621-5.
^ Tian, Tina; Agrawal, Ankur (2015). "Quantifying the relationship between hit count estimates and Wikipedia article traffic". International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 6 (5). doi:10.14569/IJACSA.2015.060504.
^ Flores-Saviaga, Claudia; Savage, Saiph; Taraborelli, Dario (2016). "LeadWise: using online bots to recruite and guide expert volunteers". Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion. CSCW '16 Companion. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 257–260. doi:10.1145/2818052.2869106. ISBN 978-1-4503-3950-6. Author's copy

Supplementary references:

^ Lewoniewski, Włodzimierz; Węcel, Krzysztof; Abramowicz, Witold (2015). Analiza porównawcza modeli jakości informacji w narodowych wersjach Wikipedii.