William Burges in 1881.
William Burges architect and designer . Among the greatest of the Victorian art-architects, he sought in his work to escape from both nineteenth-century industrialisation and the Neoclassical architectural style and re-establish the architectural and social values of a utopian medieval England. Burges stands within the tradition of the Gothic Revival , his works echoing those of the Pre-Raphaelites and heralding those of the Arts and Crafts Movement .
Burges's career was short but illustrious; he won his first major commission for
Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral in Cork in 1863. His architectural output was small but varied. Burges's most notable works are
Cardiff Castle , constructed between 1866 and 1928 and
Castell Coch (1872–91), both of which were undertaken for
John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute . Other notable buildings include
Gayhurst House ,
Buckinghamshire (1858–65),
Knightshayes Court (1867–74), the
Church of Christ the Consoler (1870–76) and
St Mary's, Studley Royal (1870–78) in Yorkshire, and
Park House, Cardiff , (1871–80). Beyond architecture, Burges designed metalwork, sculpture, jewellery, furniture and stained glass.
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Olaf Scholz
Members of the Fijian Labour Corps in 1918
November 12
Destruction of Tirpitz in Operation Catechism
Contemporary climate change global temperatures and significant shifts in Earth's weather patterns. Climate change is driven by emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Emissions come mostly from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), and also from agriculture , forest loss , cement production and steel making. Climate change causes sea level rise , glacial retreat and desertification , and intensifies heat waves , wildfires and tropical cyclones . These effects of climate change endanger food security , freshwater access and global health . Climate change can be limited by using low-carbon energy sources such as wind and solar energy, by forestation , and shifts in agriculture. Adaptations such as coastline protection cannot by themselves avert the risk of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts. Limiting global warming in line with the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement requires reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. This animation, produced by NASA 's Scientific Visualization Studio with data from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies , shows global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 to 2023 on a world map, illustrating the rise in global temperatures. Normal temperatures (calculated over the 30-year baseline period 1951–1980) are shown in white, higher-than-normal temperatures in red, and lower-than-normal temperatures in blue. The data are averaged over a running 24-month window.
Video credit: NASA ; visualized by Mark SubbaRao
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