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List of governors of Washington

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Governor of Washington
Seal of the governor
Incumbent
Jay Inslee
since January 16, 2013
Style
Status
ResidenceWashington Governor's Mansion
Term lengthFour years, no term limit
Inaugural holderElisha P. Ferry
FormationNovember 11, 1889
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Washington
Salary$182,179 (2019)[1]
Websitegovernor.wa.gov

The governor of Washington is the head of government of Washington and commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[2][3] The officeholder has a duty to enforce state laws,[4] the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Washington Legislature and line-item veto power to cancel specific provisions in spending bills.[5] The Washington governor may also convene the legislature on "extraordinary occasions".[4]

Washington Territory had 14 territorial governors from its organization in 1853 until the formation of the state of Washington in 1889. Territorial governors were appointed by the president of the United States. Elisha P. Ferry had the longest term of eight years and went on to become the state's first governor. William H. Wallace was appointed governor but never took office due to being elected as the territory's congressional delegate. George Edward Cole was appointed governor and took office, but his appointment was never ratified by the U.S. Senate and he was replaced as governor after four months.

Twenty-two individuals have held the office of Governor of Washington since the state's admission to the Union, with Arthur B. Langlie serving non-consecutive terms. Populist Party candidate John Rankin Rogers is the only non-Democratic or Republican nominee to win office. The most recent governor to be from Eastern Washington was Clarence D. Martin, elected in 1932.[6] The current governor is Democrat Jay Inslee, who took office on January 16, 2013, and was reelected in 2016 and 2020; his term will expire on January 15, 2025, as Inslee announced on May 1, 2023, that he will not be seeking re-election to an unprecedented fourth term in 2024.[7] Washington has had the longest current streak of Democratic governors in the nation, with the last Republican to hold the office being John Spellman in 1985.[8]

With the re-election of Inslee in 2020, Langlie, Daniel J. Evans and Inslee are the only three Washington governors to be elected to three terms with 12 years respectively.

List of governors

[edit]

Territory of Washington

[edit]

Washington Territory was organized on March 2, 1853, from the northern half of Oregon Territory.

Governors of the Territory of Washington
No. Governor Term in office[a] Appointing President
1 Isaac Stevens
(1818–1862)
[9] 		March 17, 1853[b]
–
August 11, 1857
(resigned)[c] 		Franklin Pierce
2 Fayette McMullen
(1805–1880)
[14] 		May 13, 1857[d]
–
March 5, 1859
(successor appointed)[e] 		James Buchanan
3 Richard D. Gholson
(1804–1862)
[22] 		March 5, 1859[f]
–
February 14, 1861
(resigned)[g] 		James Buchanan
— William H. Wallace
(1811–1879)
[25] 		April 9, 1861
–
July 8, 1861
(resigned before
taking office)[h] 		Abraham Lincoln
4 William Pickering
(1798–1873)
[28] 		December 19, 1861[i]
–
November 21, 1866
(removed)[j] 		Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
5 George Edward Cole
(1826–1906)
[32] 		November 21, 1866[k]
–
March 4, 1867
(rejected by Senate)[l] 		Andrew Johnson
6 Marshall F. Moore
(1829–1870)
[35] 		April 20, 1867[m]
–
April 5, 1869
(successor appointed)[n] 		Andrew Johnson
7 Alvan Flanders
(1825–1894)
[41] 		April 5, 1869[o]
–
March 14, 1870
(successor appointed) 		Ulysses S. Grant
8 Edward S. Salomon
(1836–1913)
[43] 		March 14, 1870[p]
–
April 26, 1872
(resigned)[q] 		Ulysses S. Grant
9 Elisha P. Ferry
(1825–1895)
[46] 		April 26, 1872[r]
–
April 26, 1880
(successor appointed) 		Ulysses S. Grant
10 William A. Newell
(1817–1901)
[52] 		April 26, 1880[s]
–
July 2, 1884
(successor appointed) 		Rutherford B. Hayes
11 Watson C. Squire
(1838–1926)
[55] 		July 2, 1884[t]
–
April 9, 1887
(successor appointed) 		Chester A. Arthur
12 Eugene Semple
(1840–1908)
[58] 		April 9, 1887[u]
–
March 23, 1889
(successor appointed) 		Grover Cleveland
13 Miles Conway Moore
(1845–1919)
[61] 		March 23, 1889[v]
–
November 18, 1889
(statehood) 		Benjamin Harrison

State of Washington

[edit]

Washington was admitted to the Union on November 11, 1889. The term for governor is four years,[2] commencing on the second Monday in the January following the election.[64] If the office of governor is vacant or the governor is unable to discharge their duties, the lieutenant governor assumes the duties of governor, though still officially retains the office of lieutenant governor.[65] If both the offices of governor and lieutenant governor are unable to fulfill their duties, the secretary of state is next in line, and then the treasurer.[66] There is no limit to the number of terms a governor may serve.[67] The office of lieutenant governor is not elected on the same ticket as the governor.

Governors of the State of Washington
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[w]
1   Elisha P. Ferry
(1825–1895)
[68][69] 		November 18, 1889[70]
–
January 11, 1893
(did not run)[68] 		Republican[71] 1889   Charles E. Laughton
2 John McGraw
(1850–1910)
[72][73] 		January 11, 1893[74]
–
January 13, 1897
(did not run) 		Republican[71] 1892 F. H. Luce
3 John Rankin Rogers
(1838–1901)
[75][76] 		January 13, 1897[77]
–
December 26, 1901
(died in office) 		Populist[75] 1896 Thurston Daniels
Democratic[75] 1900 Henry McBride[x]
4 Henry McBride
(1856–1937)
[78][79] 		December 26, 1901[80]
–
January 11, 1905
(lost nomination)[78] 		Republican[71] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
5 Albert E. Mead
(1861–1913)
[81][82] 		January 11, 1905[83]
–
January 27, 1909
(lost nomination)[81] 		Republican[71] 1904 Charles E. Coon
6 Samuel G. Cosgrove
(1847–1909)
[84][85] 		January 27, 1909[86]
–
March 28, 1909
(died in office) 		Republican[71] 1908 Marion E. Hay
7 Marion E. Hay
(1865–1933)
[87][88] 		March 28, 1909[89]
–
January 15, 1913
(lost election) 		Republican[71] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
8 Ernest Lister
(1870–1919)
[90][91] 		January 15, 1913[92]
–
June 14, 1919
(died in office) 		Democratic[71] 1912 Louis F. Hart[x]
1916
9 Louis F. Hart
(1862–1929)
[93][94] 		June 14, 1919[95]
–
January 14, 1925
(did not run)[93] 		Republican[71] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
1920 William J. Coyle
10 Roland H. Hartley
(1864–1952)
[96][97] 		January 14, 1925[98]
–
January 11, 1933
(lost nomination)[y] 		Republican[71] 1924 W. Lon Johnson
1928 John Arthur Gellatly
11 Clarence D. Martin
(1886–1955)
[99][100] 		January 11, 1933[101]
–
January 15, 1941
(lost nomination)[z] 		Democratic[71] 1932 Victor Aloysius Meyers[aa]
1936
12 Arthur B. Langlie
(1900–1966)
[102][103] 		January 15, 1941[104]
–
January 10, 1945
(lost election) 		Republican[71] 1940
13 Monrad Wallgren
(1891–1961)
[105][106] 		January 10, 1945[107]
–
January 12, 1949
(lost election) 		Democratic[71] 1944
14 Arthur B. Langlie
(1900–1966)
[102][103] 		January 12, 1949[108]
–
January 16, 1957
(did not run)[102] 		Republican[71] 1948
1952 Emmett T. Anderson
15 Albert Rosellini
(1910–2011)
[109][110] 		January 16, 1957[111]
–
January 13, 1965
(lost election) 		Democratic[71] 1956 John Cherberg[aa]
1960
16 Daniel J. Evans
(1925–2024)
[112][113] 		January 13, 1965[114]
–
January 12, 1977
(did not run)[112] 		Republican[71] 1964
1968
1972
17 Dixy Lee Ray
(1914–1994)
[115][116] 		January 12, 1977[117]
–
January 14, 1981
(lost nomination)[ab] 		Democratic[116] 1976
18 John Spellman
(1926–2018)
[118] 		January 14, 1981[119]
–
January 16, 1985
(lost election) 		Republican[118] 1980
19 Booth Gardner
(1936–2013)
[120] 		January 16, 1985[121]
–
January 13, 1993
(did not run) 		Democratic[120] 1984
1988 Joel Pritchard[x]
20 Mike Lowry
(1939–2017)
[122] 		January 13, 1993[123]
–
January 15, 1997
(did not run) 		Democratic[122] 1992
21 Gary Locke
(b. 1950)
[124] 		January 15, 1997[125]
–
January 12, 2005
(did not run) 		Democratic[124] 1996 Brad Owen
2000
22 Christine Gregoire
(b. 1947)
[126] 		January 12, 2005[127]
–
January 16, 2013
(did not run) 		Democratic[126] 2004
2008
23 Jay Inslee
(b. 1951)
[128] 		January 16, 2013[129]
–
Incumbent[ac] 		Democratic[128] 2012
2016 Cyrus Habib
2020 Denny Heck
24 Bob Ferguson
(b. 1965) 		Governor-elect
takes office
January 15, 2025 		Democratic 2024

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  2. ^ Stevens was nominated[10] and confirmed by the Senate[11] on March 17, 1853, and arrived in Olympia on November 25.[12]
  3. ^ Stevens resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives,[9][13] and his successor already appointed.
  4. ^ James Patton Anderson was nominated on March 12, 1857,[15] and confirmed by the Senate on March 13,[16] but declined.[17] McMullen was appointed on May 13, 1857, during a Senate recess;[14] nominated on December 22, 1857;[18] and confirmed by the Senate on January 18, 1858.[19] He took office on September 10, 1857.[20]
  5. ^ McMullen left the territory in July 1858, without a formal resignation; the nomination of his successor only notes that the office is vacant.[21] Territorial Secretary Charles H. Mason acted as governor until his successor arrived.[14]
  6. ^ Gholson was nominated[21] and confirmed by the Senate[23] on March 5, 1859, and he arrived in the territory on July 10.[24]
  7. ^ Gholson left the territory in May 1860 on a leave of absence to move his wife from Texas to Kentucky, and never returned; he formally resigned on February 14, 1861, saying "I am unwilling for even a day to hold office under a (so-called) 'Republican' President."[22] Territorial Secretary Henry McGill acted as governor until his successor arrived.[22]
  8. ^ Wallace was appointed on April 9, 1861, during a Senate recess;[25] nominated on July 10;[26] and confirmed by the Senate on July 16.[27] However, even though he was a resident of the territory, he never took office; he instead took a seat in the United States House of Representatives that he was elected to on July 8.[25] Territorial Secretary L. Jay S. Turney acted as governor until his successor arrived.[25]
  9. ^ Pickering was nominated on December 5, 1861;[29] confirmed by the Senate on December 19;[30] and arrived in the territory in June 1862.[28] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 6, 1866.[31]
  10. ^ President Johnson removed Pickering because he had publicly criticized Reconstruction era policies. Territorial Secretary Elwood Evans acted as governor until his successor arrived.
  11. ^ Cole was appointed on November 21, 1866, during a Senate recess;[32] nominated on December 14;[33] but was rejected by the Senate on March 1, 1867.[34]
  12. ^ Cole's nomination was rejected by the Senate on March 1, 1867,[34] and he left office on March 4.[32] Territorial Secretary Elwood Evans acted as governor until his successor arrived.[32]
  13. ^ Charles E. De Long was nominated on April 15, 1867,[36] but was rejected by the Senate on April 17.[37] Moore was then nominated on April 19,[38] and confirmed by the Senate on April 20.[39]
  14. ^ McMullin says Moore resigned due to ill health,[35] but the nomination of his successor specifies he was being removed.[40]
  15. ^ Flanders was nominated on April 3, 1869,[40] and confirmed by the Senate on April 5.[42]
  16. ^ Salomon was nominated on January 10, 1870,[44] and confirmed by the Senate on March 14.[45]
  17. ^ Salomon's resignation was requested due to "financial maneuvering and excessive absences".[43]
  18. ^ James F. Legate was nominated on January 11, 1872,[47] but was withdrawn on April 9.[48] Ferry was then nominated on April 24,[49] and confirmed by the Senate on April 26.[50] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on May 2, 1876.[51]
  19. ^ Newell was nominated on April 9, 1880, for a term to begin April 26;[53] and was confirmed by the Senate on April 21.[54]
  20. ^ Squire was nominated on July 1, 1884,[56] and confirmed by the Senate on July 2.[57]
  21. ^ Semple was appointed on April 9, 1887, during a Senate recess;[58] nominated on January 4, 1888;[59] and confirmed by the Senate on January 16.[60]
  22. ^ Moore was nominated on March 21, 1889,[62] and confirmed by the Senate on March 23.[63]
  23. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  24. ^ a b c Represented the Republican Party
  25. ^ Hartley lost the Republican nomination to John Arthur Gellatly.
  26. ^ Martin lost the Democratic nomination to Clarence Dill.
  27. ^ a b Represented the Democratic Party
  28. ^ Ray lost the Democratic nomination to Jim McDermott.
  29. ^ Inslee's third term expires on January 15, 2025.

References

[edit]
General
  • "Former Washington Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  • McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
  • Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
  • Ficken, Robert E. (Winter 2005–2006). "Figureheads of State". Columbia Magazine. 19 (4). Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  • Meany, Edmond S (1915). Governors of Washington : territorial and state. Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  • "Washington Territorial and State Governors". Washington Secretary of State. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Washington - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
  1. ^ "2013 and 2014 Salary Schedule, Adopted May 22, 2013" (PDF). Washington Citizens' Commission on Salaries for Elected Officials. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  2. ^ a b WA Const. art. III, § 2.
  3. ^ WA Const. art. III, § 8.
  4. ^ a b WA Const. art. III, § 5.
  5. ^ WA Const. art. III, § 12.
  6. ^ Brunner, Jim (September 20, 2020). "Meet Loren Culp, the Republican gubernatorial candidate who wants to unseat Jay Inslee". The Seattle Times. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  7. ^ Brunner, Jim (May 1, 2023). "After Jay Inslee, what's next for WA politics? What we know about 2024". The Seattle Times. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  8. ^ Brunner, Jim (August 11, 2012). "McKenna win would end drought for GOP in races for governor". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  9. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 311–312.
  10. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 77, accessed July 19, 2023.
  11. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 81, accessed July 19, 2023.
  12. ^ Stevens, Hazard (1901). The Life of Isaac Ingalls Stevens. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 414. ISBN 978-0-598-28143-2.
  13. ^ "none". Pioneer and Democrat. August 14, 1857. p. 2. Retrieved July 20, 2023. Olympia, Aug. 11, 1857: I have transmitted a communication to the Secretary of State... resigning the office of Governor of the Territory of Washington to take effect this date...
  14. ^ a b c McMullin 1984, pp. 312–313.
  15. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess., 241, accessed July 19, 2023.
  16. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess., 253, accessed July 19, 2023.
  17. ^ The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 31.
  18. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., 1st sess., 275, accessed July 19, 2023.
  19. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., 1st sess., 294, accessed July 19, 2023.
  20. ^ "Arrival of Governor McMullen". Pioneer and Democrat. September 11, 1857. p. 2. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  21. ^ a b U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 36th Cong., special sess., 72, accessed July 19, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c McMullin 1984, pp. 313–315.
  23. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 36th Cong., special sess., 75, accessed July 19, 2023.
  24. ^ "none". Pioneer and Democrat. July 15, 1859. p. 2. Retrieved July 20, 2023. Gov. Gholson, who some time since received the appointment as Executive for this Territory, arrived here on the steamer Northerner, on Sunday last.
  25. ^ a b c d McMullin 1984, pp. 315–316.
  26. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 1st sess., 376, accessed July 19, 2023.
  27. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 1st sess., 466, accessed July 19, 2023.
  28. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 316–317.
  29. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 2nd sess., 1, accessed July 19, 2023.
  30. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 2nd sess., 25, accessed July 19, 2023.
  31. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 39th Cong., 1st sess., 317, accessed July 19, 2023.
  32. ^ a b c d McMullin 1984, pp. 317–318.
  33. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 39th Cong., 2nd sess., 7, accessed July 19, 2023.
  34. ^ a b U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 39th Cong., 2nd sess., 281, accessed July 19, 2023.
  35. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 318–319.
  36. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess., 717, accessed July 19, 2023.
  37. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess., 750, accessed July 19, 2023.
  38. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess., 761, accessed July 19, 2023.
  39. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess., 780, accessed July 19, 2023.
  40. ^ a b U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 1st sess., 76, accessed July 19, 2023.
  41. ^ McMullin 1984, pp. 319–320.
  42. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 1st sess., 88, accessed July 19, 2023.
  43. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 320–321.
  44. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 2nd sess., 333, accessed July 19, 2023.
  45. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 2nd sess., 391, accessed July 19, 2023.
  46. ^ McMullin 1984, pp. 321–323.
  47. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess., 165, accessed July 19, 2023.
  48. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess., 229, accessed July 19, 2023.
  49. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess., 238, accessed July 19, 2023.
  50. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess., 241, accessed July 19, 2023.
  51. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 44th Cong., 1st sess., 233, accessed July 26, 2023.
  52. ^ McMullin 1984, pp. 323–324.
  53. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 46th Cong., 2nd sess., 305, accessed July 19, 2023.
  54. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 46th Cong., 2nd sess., 314, accessed July 19, 2023.
  55. ^ McMullin 1984, pp. 324–326.
  56. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 48th Cong., 1st sess., 313, accessed July 19, 2023.
  57. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 48th Cong., 1st sess., 316, accessed July 19, 2023.
  58. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 326–327.
  59. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 50th Cong., 1st sess., 102, accessed July 19, 2023.
  60. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 50th Cong., 1st sess., 141, accessed July 19, 2023.
  61. ^ McMullin 1984, pp. 327–328.
  62. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 51st Cong., special sess., 28, accessed July 19, 2023.
  63. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 51st Cong., special sess., 38, accessed July 19, 2023.
  64. ^ WA Const. art. III, § 4
  65. ^ "AG, Secretary of State issue joint statement regarding gubernatorial succession in the event of a vacancy". Washington Secretary of State. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  66. ^ WA Const. art. III, § 10
  67. ^ "Constitutional and Statutory Provisions for Number of Consecutive Terms of Elected State Officials" (PDF). National Governor's Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
  68. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1675.
  69. ^ "Elisha Peyre Ferry". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  70. ^ "Garb of Statehood". The Seattle Post-Intelligencer. November 19, 1889. p. 2. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kallenbach 1977, pp. 622–623.
  72. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1676.
  73. ^ "John Harte McGraw". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  74. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 3rd legislature, 44, accessed July 20, 2023
  75. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, pp. 1677–1678.
  76. ^ "John Rankin Rogers". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  77. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 5th legislature, 34, accessed July 20, 2023
  78. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1678.
  79. ^ "Henry McBride". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  80. ^ "Gov. McBride of Washington". The Spokesman-Review. December 27, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  81. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1679.
  82. ^ "Albert E. Mead". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  83. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 9th legislature, 33, accessed July 20, 2023
  84. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1679–1680.
  85. ^ "Samuel G. Cosgrove". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  86. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 11th legislature, 152, accessed July 20, 2023
  87. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1680–1681.
  88. ^ "Marion E. Hay". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  89. ^ "Governor S. G. Cosgrove Passes Away Suddenly". The Tacoma Daily Ledger. March 29, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  90. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1681–1682.
  91. ^ "Ernest Lister". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  92. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 13th legislature, 44, accessed July 20, 2023
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  94. ^ "Louis Folwell Hart". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  95. ^ "Louis F. Hart Goes to Executive Chair". The News Tribune. June 14, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  96. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1683.
  97. ^ "Roland H. Hartley". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  98. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 19th legislature, 23, accessed July 20, 2023
  99. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1683–1684.
  100. ^ "Clarence Daniel Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  101. ^ "Martin Takes Oath as New Governor". The Bellingham Herald. January 11, 1933. p. 1. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  102. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, pp. 1684–1685.
  103. ^ a b "Arthur B. Langlie". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  104. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 27th legislature, 32, accessed July 20, 2023
  105. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1685.
  106. ^ "Monrad Charles Wallgren". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
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  108. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 31st legislature, 39, accessed July 20, 2023
  109. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1686.
  110. ^ "Albert Dean Rosellini". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  111. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 35th legislature, 41, accessed July 20, 2023
  112. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1686–1687.
  113. ^ "Daniel Jackson Evans". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  114. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 39th legislature, 60, accessed July 20, 2023
  115. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1687–1688.
  116. ^ a b "Dixy Lee Ray". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  117. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 45th legislature, 44, accessed July 20, 2023
  118. ^ a b "John Dennis Spellman". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  119. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 47th legislature, 52, accessed July 20, 2023
  120. ^ a b "Booth Gardner". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  121. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 49th legislature, 44, accessed July 20, 2023
  122. ^ a b "Michael Lowry". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  123. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 53rd legislature, 55, accessed July 20, 2023
  124. ^ a b "Gary Locke". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  125. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 55th legislature, 96, accessed July 20, 2023
  126. ^ a b "Chris Gregoire". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  127. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 59th legislature, 69, accessed July 20, 2023
  128. ^ a b "Jay Inslee". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  129. ^ Washington State Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 63rd legislature, 50, accessed July 20, 2023
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