Uzana of Pagan

Regnal name
	Śrī Tribhuvanāditya Dhammarājajayasūra

Uzana
ဥဇနာ
Uzana ; ဥဇနာ
King Sithu III of Pagan
King of Burma
Reign	c. May 1251– May 1256
Predecessor	Kyaswa
Successor	Narathihapate
Chief Minister	Yazathingyan
Born	23 February 1213 ; Saturday, 3rd waxing of Late Tagu 574 ME; Pagan (Bagan)
Died	before 6 May 1256 (aged 43) ; before Saturday, 12th waxing of Nayon 618 ME; Dala
Burial	Pagan
Consort	Thonlula
Issue	Thihathu ; Narathihapate
Regnal name
Regnal name
	Śrī Tribhuvanāditya Dhammarājajayasūra
House	Pagan
Father	Kyaswa (or Naratheinga Uzana)
Mother	Saw Min Waing
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

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Uzana (Burmese: ဥဇနာ, pronounced [ʔṵzənà]; also known as Sithu III;^[2] 1213–1256) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1251 to 1256.^[4] He assumed the regnal name "Śrī Tribhuvanāditya Dhammarājajayasūra" (ၐြီတြိဘုဝနာဒိတျဓမ္မရာဇဇယသူရ).^[5]

Although his actual reign lasted only five years, Uzana was essentially the power behind the throne during his predecessor Kyaswa's reign, 1235–1251. Kyaswa, a devout Buddhist and scholar, had given Uzana full royal authority to govern the kingdom to the business of governing the country.^[6] However Uzana reportedly cared more about chasing elephants, and drinking liquor than governing during his father's or his reign. As king, he left the task of governing to his chief minister Yazathingyan. The king was accidentally killed at Dala (modern Twante) in May 1256 while hunting elephants.^[2]^[7]

His death was followed by a brief power struggle for the throne. His eldest son, Thihathu, claimed the throne but was pushed aside by the court led by Yazathingyan, who placed the other son by a concubine, Narathihapate, on the throne by November 1256.^[8]

Dates

The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles.^[9]

Chronicles	Birth–Death	Age	Reign	Length of reign
Zatadawbon Yazawin (List of monarchs section)^[10]	1214–1254	40	1249–1254	5
Zatadawbon Yazawin (Royal horoscopes section)^[11]	23 February 1213 – 1254	41	1251–1254	3
Maha Yazawin	1216–1240	38	1234–1240	6
Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin	1218–1255	37	1250–1255	5

According to inscriptional evidence, he died a few days before 6 May 1256 when the Pagan selected his younger son by a concubine Narathihapate as the next king.^[1]^{[note 2]}

Notes

^ Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 334) say that he was a son of Kyaswa. But (Than Tun 1964: 134) citing inscriptional evidence says that Uzana was a son of Naratheinga Uzana, by his second wife Hpwa Saw. Naratheinga was an elder brother of Kyaswa.
^ It would have taken at least a couple of days for the news of the king's death in Dala (modern Yangon) to reach Pagan (515 km north).

References

^ ^a ^b Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 139, footnote 5
^ ^a ^b ^c Than Tun 1964: 134
^ Pe Maung Tin and G.H. Luce (1960): 156–158
^ Coedès 1968: 183
^ Hlaing, Nwe Ni (2013). "The concepts of Kingship in Bagan with Special Emphasis on the titles of Bagan Kings". Mandalay University Research Journal. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-10-13.
^ Harvey 1925: 59
^ Htin Aung 1967: 65
^ Than Tun 1964: 134–135
^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 349
^ Zata 1960: 40
^ Zata 1960: 68

Bibliography

Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Pe Maung Tin; Luce, G.H. (1923). The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma (1960 ed.). Rangoon University Press.
Royal Historians of Burma (1960) [c. 1680]. U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.). Zatadawbon Yazawin (in Burmese). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol. 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon.

Regnal titles
Uzana of Pagan Pagan Dynasty Born: 23 February 1213 Died: c. 6 May 1256
Preceded by Kyaswa	King of Burma 1251–1256	Succeeded by Narathihapate
Royal titles
Preceded by Kyaswa	Heir to the Burmese Throne 1235–1251	Succeeded by Thihathu

[4] Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 334) say that he was a son of Kyaswa. But (Than Tun 1964: 134) citing inscriptional evidence says that Uzana was a son of Naratheinga Uzana, by his second wife Hpwa Saw. Naratheinga was an elder brother of Kyaswa.

[13] It would have taken at least a couple of days for the news of the king's death in Dala (modern Yangon) to reach Pagan (515 km north).

[yt-1-139-5-1] Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 139, footnote 5

[tt-134-2] Than Tun 1964: 134

[gp-3] Pe Maung Tin and G.H. Luce (1960): 156–158

[gc-183-5] Coedès 1968: 183

[6] Hlaing, Nwe Ni (2013). "The concepts of Kingship in Bagan with Special Emphasis on the titles of Bagan Kings". Mandalay University Research Journal. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-10-13.

[geh-59-7] Harvey 1925: 59

[mha-65-8] Htin Aung 1967: 65

[tt-134-135-9] Than Tun 1964: 134–135

[my-1-349-10] Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 349

[zata-40-11] Zata 1960: 40

[zata-68-12] Zata 1960: 68

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v t e Burmese monarchs
Pagan dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Saw Lu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kye-Taung Nyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi¹ Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹ Regent or Co-Regent ² Mongol vassal (1297) ³ Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴ Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵ Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)