User:Ykhaleq/sandbox

Article Evaluation:

I will be evaluating the "Tesla, Inc." Wikipedia article page. Everything is relevant to the topic, however, there is a lot of information given to you all at once. This is fixed by inputting quick tabs that can be clicked by the user. It is up to date because there are various edits that are very recent from January of 2019. The information could be organized a little better, but other than that it is perfect. Yes the article simply gives facts about Tesla without stating opinions. The sources are very specific and can be easily accessed. There are many conversations going on, I can tell there was a lot of effort put into this article just by looking at the talk page.

Article Selection:

1) Marine Energy Management:

-The article needs to be improved dramatically in that it seems like there was only a small addition inputted.

-The content is relevant to the topic, however there is little information to be found.

-The article has a small amount of citations. -The citations do seem to be reliable.

2) Dead Zone (Ecology):

-The information inside the article is related to the topic itself.

-The article has a lot of citations that do make the article look more professional.

-The citations are reliable. However, there are a few dead links and citations that are needed to prove some information.

Source:

Underwater noise between all sea animals, whether it be a whale's sound or dolphins speaking to each other, none of these sounds affect the marine environment in terms of

energy

Freshwater Fishes in California - Outline:

Facing Extinction:

Background

"The researchers from the Center for Watershed Sciences at the University of California, Davis, found that, of 121 native fish species, 82 percent are likely to be driven to extinction or very low numbers as climate change speeds the decline of already depleted populations."

Cause

Climate change

"Climate change is reducing the amount of cold water available to our fishes, which is critical to their survival."

Effects

Effects on fish food

" In the Pacific Ocean, climate change is likely to reduce the powerful upwelling of the California Current, which drives primary productivity and supports the entire food web for all marine life, including anadromous fishes..."

Alteration of habitat

"Climate change alters the volume and timing of stream flows, can degrade habitats and alter food resources for our species."

Effects on humans

""Their health and their resilience indicates healthy waters, which is important for all Californians' drinking water, agriculture, commerce, and the health of the people and the environment in which we live.""

Possible Solutions

- Expansion of a test program doing early flooding of Sacramento Valley rice fields provide shallow nursery areas to feed baby salmon

- Making the fish more resilient by improving their habitat in upstream spawning areas, flood plains where baby fish grow, and in wetlands in the estuary formed by the San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta

- Restoring many degraded Sierra meadows to act as sponges to store cold water that would trickle into streams in summer and fall when fish struggle to find enough

- Relocating fish hatcheries downstream closer to or in the Delta to make it easier to steer anglers to catch hatchery fish, not fish that spawned in the wild

Fishes Facing Extinction

- List of fishes facing extinction

Freshwater Fishes In California - Rough Draft:

This article is about freshwater fishes, for a list of them, go to the Wikipedia page List Of Freshwater Fish in California.

Migrating Fish

Anadromous fish reproduce in fresh water but tend to grow up in the sea. Some of these fishes that do this include salmon. Catadromous fish tend to reproduce in salt water but spend most of their lives in freshwater such as eels. Both anadromous and catadromous fishes have different salt tolerances throughout different stages in their lives. This is why they have to adapt and move to different bodies of water throughout different times in their lives.

Physiology

Freshwater fishes have a different make-up than normal fishes. Freshwater fish use gills to keep their salts and bodily fluid inside while diffusing dissolved gasses. Freshwater fish are able to gain water osmotically through their gills. They have well established kidneys as well that help them keep the salts before losing them through excretion. Freshwater fish who lose scales over long periods of time may survive but those who lose a lot will die.

Classification in the United States

Freshwater fishes have three classifications in the United States, warm, cold, and cool water. Water temperature affects the amount of oxygen the fishes receive. The colder the water is the more oxygen it contains. Cold water will usually be around 50 to 60 °F, warm water will be 80 °F, and cool water will be in between at around 60 to 80 °F.

Facing Extinction

Background

The extinction of freshwater fishes in California may happen within the next century. "The researchers from the Center for Watershed Sciences at the University of California, Davis, found that, of 121 native fish species, 82 percent are likely to be driven to extinction or very low numbers as climate change speeds the decline of already depleted populations."

Cause and Effects

Climate change

"Climate change is reducing the amount of cold water available to our fishes, which is critical to their survival." Climate change is defined as the global change in climate that has been affecting the world since the 20th Century, largely due to high Carbon Dioxide levels from fossil fuels. Climate change has major effects on the sea and the fishes that travel to and from it. The effects of climate change include the rising of sea levels. Climate change also has another side effect as well, increase in water temperature throughout rivers and oceans. This amount of dissolved oxygen drops as the temperature reaches higher levels, causing many fish to become less active. As the water continues to become warmer, parasites and bacteria start to appear more. Different fishes also survive in different temperatures. If the temperature of all lakes were too warm, then this would cause fishes to become extinct or have to adapt to the temperature of the water.

Effects on Fish Food

" In the Pacific Ocean, climate change is likely to reduce the powerful upwelling of the California Current, which drives primary productivity and supports the entire food web for all marine life, including anadromous fishes..." Fish food is needed to keep the fish alive, and without it, the population for many fishes will continue to fall.

Alteration of habitat

"Climate change alters the volume and timing of stream flows, can degrade habitats and alter food resources for our species." The drought of 2011-2017 caused the American river to be a lot more dry, which eventually led to an alteration of the fish habitat.

Effects on humans

""Their health and their resilience indicates healthy waters, which is important for all Californians' drinking water, agriculture, commerce, and the health of the people and the environment in which we live."" Humans are also affected by the slow extinction of freshwater fish in California. Ocean species filter toxins that are rampant in water, the water that we drink. They also reduce the risk of red tide, a red color of seawater filled with toxic algae.

Pollution

Atrazine is a common pesticide found in freshwater habitats and can contaminate them. There is controversy as to whether or not these pesticides harm these fishes or not, however, industry-funded researchers have reported that these do not actually harm them. Non-industry funded researchers have reported otherwise, stating that they do in fact harm not only fishes, but amphibians as well.

Possible Solutions

- Expansion of a test program doing early flooding of Sacramento Valley rice fields provide shallow nursery areas to feed baby salmon.

- Making the fish more resilient by improving their habitat in upstream spawning areas, flood plains where baby fish grow, and in wetlands in the estuary formed by the San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.

- Restoring many degraded meadows to act as sponges to store cold water that would trickle into streams in summer and fall when fish struggle to find enough.

- Relocating fish hatcheries downstream closer to or in the Delta to make it easier to steer anglers to catch hatchery fish, not fish that spawned in the wild.

-Removing oil sites from the ocean. Oil spills not only affect the fishes in the ocean, but in rivers as well. This is because rivers are connected to oceans and the dangerous toxins can be transferred between the two.

Fishes Facing Extinction

A pink salmon, one of the many endangered fishes that may go instinct within the next century.

These freshwater fishes are most likely to become extinct within the next 100 years, with number one being the most likely to.

1. Klamath Mountains Province summer steelhead
2. McCloud River redband trout
3. Unarmored threespine stickleback*
4. Shay Creek stickleback
5. Delta smelt*
6. Long Valley speckled dace
7. Central Valley late fall Chinook salmon
8. Kern River rainbow trout
9. Shoshone pupfish
10. Razorback sucker*
11. Upper Klamath-Trinity spring Chinook salmon
12. Southern steelhead*
13. Clear Lake hitch
14. Owens speckled dace
15. Northern California coast summer steelhead
16. Amargosa Canyon speckled dace
17. Central coast coho salmon*
18. Southern Oregon Northern California coast coho salmon*
19. Modoc sucker
20. Pink salmon

According to the College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, "Climate change and human-caused degradation of aquatic habitats is causing worldwide declines in freshwater fishes, especially in regions with arid or Mediterranean climates" This decline means that there needs to be a state wide conservation movement for freshwater fishes.