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Introduction
[edit]
The Brazilian economy with the aid of the African slaves has long suffered many different types of problems throughout its existence as a country and a recognizable power. The high demand on labor for the extensive work in plantation life Brazil called upon a particular tribe known as the Nago or Yoruba people. The goals to develop a thriving economy based upon labor and business. The life of an slave was very difficult in the structure of society in brazil. For example, a slave was not seen as a person or important part of society, only like an product or something you can purchase. Furthermore, the Brazilian slaves had no room to improve their e social outlook. The societal outlook of Brazil describe the African culture left behind through religion and strong practices of African culture shapes the country's many different races that have come together through history. The Brazilian present day culture is made up of different races that have been mixed together in history. The Nagos were thrown to the lowest of races in Latin America where they adapted and became great. One of the most important landmarks to be discovered in Brazil is the religion called Yoruba. The African religion has survived over the years of slavery to now make up a large portion of Brazil’s population religious beliefs.
Brazilian slave life
[edit]The cost of slaves coming from Europe verse Africa were cheaper could contribute to the reason why the Portuguese used African slaves to fuel the new economies in Latin America. [1]The level of respect the common slave receive was minimum which didn’t give them distinguished features from those that were outside of the superior class of society. The understanding between master and slave had far less cost in reciprocal obligations than any other labor group in society.[2]
Unfortunately, this created a schism or struggle for resources and how they could benefit a group in social exchange. Slaves done work and we’re not in control over their lives as the average citizen of the higher class. Furthermore, what distinguish slaves from all other classes throughout society was kinship, family, and community duties.[2]
There were 4.8 million slaves that were brought to Brazil.[3] African people distribution across the world had no limit to the place or region. The work that created a high demand on the Latin America economy for heavy labor duties were the main source of growing wealth in that region. Throughout Latin America the culture of the African people token there began to have a right in the new system of different races and help shape the colonies of plantations to industrial communities.[4] Furthermore, the African slave trade was not a new practice that started in Latin America, but was adopted in Europe in 1455, by Pope Nicolas V who gave the right to reduce to slavery inhabitants of the southern coast of Africa who resisted Christianity. The Portuguese created a slavery trade out of west Africa which was were responsible from exporting slaves to Iberian cities, such as Seville and Lisbon.[4] African slavery met a steady but limited demand in Europe.[5] The European explorers viewed African countries as sovereign lands and sought to make cultural and political alliance with there countries. Moreover, the Yoruba tribe out of West Africa where together with European countries that enslaved the people of the Yoruba people or Nago. Furthermore, the Brazilian native people could not take up the work demand by the plantation economy, as an direct result the labor force swelled with African slaves that were exported from west Africa.
Influence in Latin America is made up of many fascinating outlooks that started in colonial times. Slaves were victims of the demand on there physical strength and durability to perform tasks in extreme climates. The life of an average slave varied due to the restraints in society that disabled them sociably. These struggles that the slaves endured were personal pleasures that normal societies offer in exchange and in business or sociable living. Slaves had a time resisting the institutional structure that broke their spirit and demanded labor to a untimely death. Slaves fought their masters in many ways through suicide, escape, sabotage and defiance of laws and social conduct or religion.
Moreover, influence religiously came in the form of practicing their own culture in a self-preserving way that they could accommodate to the new social and cultural order.[6] Slaves were not independent to roam around in Latin America similarly to the slave relations between slave masters and slaves in North America. Slaves where giving rules or laws depending on their location or region in Brazil. Importantly, the enforcement of the laws of marriage and other important slave issues depended on regional and local considerations rather than abstract laws or codes of conduct.
In Brazil Africans demonstrated cultural strength more so than others preserving their culture despite the oppressive impact of slavery. For an example, the Palmares which stands as a testimony of Afro- Brazilians that escape from slavery to form a settlement of blacks of about 20,000 governed by West African customs and cultural elements drawn from the Portuguese slave Society from which they had fled.[6]
Mixing
[edit]The African culture was one in which had to adapt to new challenging problems in the new world being minorities without any power sociably to survive they needed help from any source. Miscegenation, or commingling of races what was a direct effect of colonization in Brazil and the overall Latin America on African slaves. Africans created a mixed people and that facilitated a distinct new world culture through mestizaje(casta, or the combining of elements of distinct cultures. The Portuguese called the mixed Africans and native people Zambo.[7]. Mexico also was an area in Latin America that was affected by the mixing of Africans and natives to the effect where authorities there outlawed interracial marriages. In addition, the Portuguese and Spanish authorities often promoted miscegenation as a population policy and underpopulated regions. The effect of slavery for the afro-Brazilian society is similar to blacks coming into society of post-slavery North America. The stress on Africans to populate with the natives in Latin America place them into the border of the mestizaje, or a racially mixed Society.
As a result there was a negative effect upon afro-Brazilians to climb the caste system that had emerged based on color, which blacks occupied the lowest of racist based upon their economic class. African cultural experienced racism and oppression in its attempt to climb the social ladder in Latin America. Reforms and social movements for rights throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century proof to pave the way for Africans in Latin America.[7]
Current day analyst, social scientist, policy makers, and activists point to the increasing debate in Brazil’s racial identity stating that it is Brazil’s essential description to be a mixed country.[8]In addition, black movements in Brazil during the 90’s resulted in great change in the 21st century that can be noted through affirmative action policies which rapidly introduced and institutionalized in various governmental spheres throughout Brazil,[9]
Nago's people
[edit]The word Nago derives from the word anago, a term applied by the Fon-speaking people to Yoruba speaking people residing in the kingdom of Ketu.[7] The term Nagos is used to refer to all Brazilian Yoruba, their African descendants, Yoruba myth, ritual, and cosmological patterns.
Toward the end of the slave trade one particular group from Africa were shipped predominantly to Brazil. This people were known as the Nagos. These people were important to the slave trade at that particular time of the 19th century, where Brazil requested more slaves due to the fact that demand on products from this region needed replacement workers in addition to the harsh conditions on plantations where work was very rigorous.[7] Furthermore, this particular group of people from Africa make up the largest ethnic group in Brazil currently with a biggest influence since it was the last immigrating group to come to Brazil.
Nagos religion in Brazil is current day alive and has notoriety for its unique expression. Contrary to the practice in North America where slave masters were hands-on in slaves lives controlling every aspect from social organization to religious and cultural development and practices.[7] Moreover, the Brazilian slaves were able to bring about rich culture that was birth in Africa. Despite the over whelming amount of the earlier groups of African nations that came first to Brazilian culture the dominance of the Nagos people heavy influence the Brazilian cultural outlook.
Yoruba Religion
[edit]The beliefs of Yoruba ritual practices such as singing, dancing, drumming, sprit possession and ritual healing in respect for ancestors in the divination is what the Yoruba religion comprise of. The Yoruba religion is a ritual negotiation with the spirits of the Dead. Yoruba religion was created in Nigeria where the Nagos people originated from.
Specifically the southern part of Nigeria where this particular religion mix with Christianity is practice. This religion has blossomed into a great source of African culture that has been transmitted from Africa diaspora to the Brazilian country.[7] The structure that has been created in society and classes through education has been distributed through the Brazilian culture and country.
References
[edit]- ^ Klein, Herbert S (2010). Slavery In Brazil. Cambridge. p. 15.
- ^ a b Klein, Herbert S (2010). Slavery In Brazil. Cambridge. p. 1.
- ^ Klein, Herbert S (2010). Slavery In Brazil. Cambridge. p. 14.
- ^ a b Davis, Darién J (2004). Black Atlantic religion: Tradition, transnationalism, and matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé. Humanity Books. p. xi.
- ^ Davis, Darién J (2004). Black Atlantic religion: Tradition, transnationalism, and matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé. Humanity Books. p. xii.
- ^ a b Davis, Darién J (2004). Black Atlantic religion: Tradition, transnationalism, and matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé. Humanity Books. p. xiii.
- ^ a b c d e f Matory, J. Lorand (2005). Black Atlantic religion: Tradition, transnationalism, and matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (Princeton University Press ed.). p. 38.
- ^ loveman, Mara (2011). ""Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality" (PDF). Ethnic and 0a Studies". Plos One: 2. PMID 21359226.
- ^ loveman, Mara (2011). ""Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality" (PDF). Ethnic and 0a Studies". Plos One: 6. PMID 21359226.