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Movement for the Organization of the Country Mouvement pour l'Organisation du Pays | |
|---|---|
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| Leader | Greger Jean-Louis |
| Founder | Daniel Fignolé |
| Founded | 13 May 1946 |
| Ideology | Fignolism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Colours | Green Red |
The Movement for the Organization of the Country (French: Mouvement pour l'Organisation du Pays, MOP) is a political party in Haiti that was founded in 1946 as the Peasant Worker Movement (French: Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan).
History
[edit]Organization and ideology
[edit]In politics
[edit]According to Smith, the origins of the MOP date back to 1945, when a group of former students of Daniel Fignolé formed a small discussion group nicknamed "MOP", a reference to an English word with an implicit suggestion of sweeping away the old political order of Haiti.[1] The MOP was founded by Fignolé as a party on May 13, 1946, with its initials now standing as an acronym for Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan.[1] The MOP formed part of the new political forces that emerged in Haiti in the wake of the Revolution of 1946.[2]
The MOP-Magloire alliance had a brief existence. On December 30, 1950, the Magloire government banned the MOP, citing its alleged communist affiliations and dangerous maneuvers as justification.[3][4]
According to Smith, Magloire as president sought to "eliminate all forms of radicalism".[5] In the face of increasing anti-radicalism, Fignolé reconsidered some of his initial political views, beginning to present himself as a "National-Democrat" in 1952.[6] Based on the MOP, Fignolé formed a new party called the Great National Democratic Party (French: Grand Parti National Démocrate).[7][8] Its ideology was anti-communist, pro-labor and opposed to dictatorial policies.[6][7] Despite Fignolé's attempt to create a new party, the MOP's successor continued to face problems at the hands of the Magloire regime.[8]
The Kébreau junta, besides imposing other authoritarian measures like a ban on strikes, outlawed the MOP Party.[9] The Haitian army held a contentious election months later, disqualifying Fignolé as a candidate and securing Duvalier's victory amid allegations of fraud, ultimately leading to his presidency.[10] Under the Duvalier regime, the remaining MOP supporters were subjected to persecution and elimination.[11] Following his overthrow, Fignolé, in exile, became an active actor in the opposition to the Duvalier regime.[8] After 29 years in exile, Fignolé returned to Haiti in 1986, but died shortly afterward.[12]
Electoral history
[edit]References
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b Smith 2009, pp. 93–94.
- ^ Adélaïde-Merlande 2002, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Pamphile 2017.
- ^ Smith 2009, p. 155.
- ^ Smith 2009, p. 153.
- ^ a b Smith 2009, p. 158.
- ^ a b Nicholls 1996, p. 193.
- ^ a b c Alexander 1982, pp. 467–469.
- ^ Alphonse Férère, Gérard (27 May 2019). "Il y a 62 ans, l'éclatement de l'armée d'Haïti". AlterPresse (in French). Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2024-10-11.
- ^ Metz 2001, p. 287.
- ^ Mielke 2013, p. 537.
- ^ Gunson, Chamberlain & Thompson 2015, p. 140.
General bibliography
[edit]- Smith, Matthew J. (2009). Red & Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934–1957. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807832653.
- Nicholls, David (1996). From Dessalines to Duvalier: Race, colour, and national independence in Haiti. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2240-1.
- Mielke, Siegfried (2013). Internationales Gewerkschaftshandbuch (in German). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. ISBN 978-3-8100-0362-1.
- Alexander, Robert J. (1982). Political Parties of the Americas. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313214743.
- Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques (2002). Histoire contemporaine de la Caraïbe et des Guyanes (in French). Éditions Karthala. ISBN 9782811122423.
- Pamphile, Leon D. (2017). Contrary Destinies: A Century of America's Occupation, Deoccupation, and Reoccupation of Haiti. University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813063072.
- Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (2001). Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8444-1044-9.
- Gunson, Phil; Chamberlain, Greg; Thompson, Andrew (2015). The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Central America and the Caribbean. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317270546.
{{Haitian political parties
[[Category:Political parties in Haiti [[Category:Political parties established in 1946 [[Category:Haitian nationalism [[Category:1946 establishments in Haiti