User:UserNumber/History of Mymensingh

A 1917 colonial map of the Bengal Province depicting the Greater Mymensingh region as a single district.

The vast region of Greater Mymensingh predominantly includes the current districts of the Mymensingh Division in Bangladesh along with the neighbouring districts of Tangail and Kishoreganj. Prior to 1960, it was the largest district of Bengal and its capital, Mymensingh City, is one of the oldest cities in the country.

Ancient

Not much history can be found about this region during the Vedic period (1500 BCE - 500 BCE). It is suggested that the region was inhabited by non-Aryans although may have been considered a part of the Āryāvarta. Much of Mymensingh was under water. Megasthenes, an Ancient Greek historian, drew a map in his Indica which suggests that Mymensingh was a part of the Ancient Kamrup kingdom. Towards the end of the 4th century, Mymensingh came under Magadha.

Maimansingh, a district of British India, was in the Maimansingh division of Eastern Bengal and Assam. It occupies a portion of the alluvial valley of the Brahmaputra east of the main channel (called the Jamuna) and north of Dacca. The administrative headquarters are at Nasirabad, usually called Mymensingh town. Area, 6332 sq mi Pop. (1901) 3,915,068, showing an increase of 12.8% in the decade. The district is for the most part level and open, covered with well-cultivated fields, and intersected by numerous rivers.

The district was acquired by the East India Company with the Dewani Grant from the Mughal emperor in 1765. At that time its greater part was included in the Niabat (sub-province of Dhaka) and a small portion in the Zamindaries of Atia, Kagmari, Pukuria and Patilandaha (of Rahahahi Zamindari). At the time of Permanent Settlement in 1793, it included northwest Garo-Hills and the Brahmanbaria subdivision but did not include north Tangail and north-west Jamalpur. In 1799 Taluk Amirabad was transferred to Tippera. In 1809, Patiladaha, situated north-east of the Brahmaputra came to district form Rangpur. In 1811, the river Banar and Brahmaputra were declared boundary between Dhaka and Mymensingh district and the river Brahmaputra and Meghna as boundary between Tippera (now Comilla) and Mymensingh and Dhaka. In 1811 west Gar-Hills were transferred to Rangpur district. In 1812 Patiladaha, was retransferred to Rangpur. In 1830, Parganas Sarail, Daudpur, haripur, Bejra, and Satarakhandal, were transferred to Tippera and Public convenience. In 1855, due to change in river course part or Serajganj thana was transferred from Mymensingh to Pabna and in 1866, the whole of it was transferred to Pabna. In 1866, thana Dewanganj was transferred to Mymensingh from Bogra and thana Atia from Dhaka. In 1867 for the administrative convenience boundaries of five subdivisions (including Tangail) and Thanas were notified. In 1874 on the basis of survey, the district boundaries were notified. In 1874 the Jamuna (or Daokoba) River was declared the western boundary between Mymensingh and Bogra and as such, 165 villages were transferred to Bogra. In 1875, the Brahmaputra was Made the boundary between Mymensingh and Rangpur and the portion of Patiladaha, east of the river, was transferred to this district form Rangpur. In 1877, the Jamuna was declared the boundary between Pabna and Mymensingh, in the west. On the first of December 1969, Tangail subdivision was separated from Mymensingh and a new District of Tangail was formed. Then in 1977 another new district Jamalpur (including Sherpur) was formed.

Timeline

• 1772 1790 Fakir and Sannyasi revolt
• 1787 Floods
• 1788 Famines
• 1897 Earthquake
• 1905 Swadeshi Movement
• 1947 Breakdown of British India
• 1971 Liberation war
• 2015 8th division of Bangladesh

Since ancient times, the area has been inhabited by the Garo people. During the reign of the Palas and Senas, it came under the administration of a samanta. Muslim rule in the region started during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah in the early fourteenth century. During the Mughal period, a mosque was built in the village of Darsha in Dhobaura which is now in ruins.

From 1937 to 1949, Moni Singh's tanka movement was initiated. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a confrontation took place in Dhobaura between the freedom fighters and the Pakistan Army on 19 July. 11 people were killed including two freedom fighters. On 3 October at midnight, the Pakistani army surprise attacked the Mukti Bahini camp at Guatala Bazar, murdering four freedom fighters. A mass killing was conducted the next day in the same place as well as in Taraikandi Ferry Ghat leading to 120 deaths. 7 mass graves were discovered in Guatala, Taraikandi, Zigatala, Defulia Para, Digalbagh, Milagara and Goborchena. Afsar Uddin Ahmed (Sub-sector Commander of Sector 11) collected arms and ammunition, and founded the Afsar Bahini - challenging the Pakistan Army. The Pakistan Army established military camps at Mallikbari, Ashka, Tamat, and Bhaluka Bazar.

External links

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Sep

Noakhailla
নোয়াখাইল্লা
Native to	Bangladesh India
Region	Barisal Division, Chittagong Division and Tripura
Ethnicity	Noakhaillas
Native speakers	7 million (2017)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Bengali–Assamese Noakhailla
Writing system	Bengali script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

Noakhailla (Bengali: নোয়াখাইল্লা) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language variety. It is spoken by an estimated 7 million people worldwide today, primarily in the Greater Noakhali region of Bangladesh's Chittagong Division as well as in southern parts of Tripura in India. Outside of these regions, there are substantial numbers of Noakhailla speakers in Dhaka; as well as diaspora communities in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Middle East.

It is generally considered to be a dialect of Bengali, as a part of the Vangiya dialect group, though some linguists and natives consider it an independent language with a vague resemblance to Bengali. For many native speakers, Noakhailla forms the diglossic vernacular with standard Bengali forming the codified lect. Some consider it as a corrupt form of Bengali, and there is a reported language shift from Noakhailla to Bengali in Bangladesh, India and the diaspora. Bengali speakers not familiar with Noakhailla may render it as undecipherable.

Distribution

Noakhailla is spoken in the Bangladeshi districts of Noakhali, Feni and Lakshmipur; known as the Greater Noakhali region. It also extends to Mirsharai, Sandwip, southern Comilla, [Bhola District|Bhola]] and Patuakhali.

Features

• Most of [e] sounds of Standard Bengali are [ɛ].
• [o] sounds are [ʊ].
• [gulo] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: ben (help), [gula] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: ben (help), [gulain] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: ben (help) use as plural number instead of guli in some subdialects.
• Aspirations are lite or is not used.
• Standard Bengali /tʃ/ and /tʃʰ/ are /s/ and /tsʰ/ or /ts/.
• Most subdialects have tones.
• Standard Bengali /ʃ/ is /ɦ/ or absent especially in non-final positions in many subdialects.
• Standard Bengali /p/ and /pʰ/ are /ɸ/ in some subdialects and /ɦ/ in Nokhailla subdialect.
• Many subdialects have [m] and [n] which are nasal on vowels in Standard Bengali.

See also

• Bengali dialects