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Canadian federal party leaders by election

[edit]
Canadian federal party leaders by election
Election Liberal PC / Conservative CCF / NDP Social Credit Green Bloc Québécois
1867 George Brown John A. Macdonald
1872 Edward Blake
1874 Alexander Mackenzie
1878
1882 Edward Blake
1887
1891 Wilfrid Laurier
1896 Charles Tupper
1900
1904 Robert Borden
1908
1911
1917
1921 W. L. Mackenzie King Arthur Meighen
1925
1926
1930 R. B. Bennett
1935 J. S. Woodsworth William Aberhart
1940 Robert Manion J.H. Blackmore
1945 John Bracken M. J. Coldwell Solon Earl Low
1949 Louis St. Laurent George A. Drew
1953
1957 John Diefenbaker
1958 Lester B. Pearson
1962 Tommy Douglas Robert N. Thompson
1963
1965
1968 Pierre Trudeau Robert Stanfield David Lewis A.B. Patterson
1972 Réal Caouette
1974
1979 Joe Clark Ed Broadbent Fabien Roy
1980
1984 John Turner Brian Mulroney Ken Sweigard Trevor Hancock
1988 Harvey Lainson Seymour Trieger
1993 Jean Chrétien Kim Campbell Audrey McLaughlin Chris Lea Lucien Bouchard
1997 Jean Charest Alexa McDonough Joan Russow Gilles Duceppe
2000 Joe Clark
2004 Paul Martin Stephen Harper Jack Layton Jim Harris
2006
2008 Stéphane Dion Elizabeth May
2011 Michael Ignatieff
2015 Justin Trudeau Tom Mulcair
2019 Andrew Scheer Jagmeet Singh Yves-François Blanchet
2021 Erin O'Toole Annamie Paul
Current Pierre Poilievre Elizabeth May

Canadian leaders’ debates#Timeline

[edit]
1968 Canadian federal election

Divided equally

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

All cities refer to population centres unless explicitly stated otherwise

Into 10 equal areas

[edit]
Rank Area Pop. (2021)
1 Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island 3.9 million
2 Western Canada, n.i.e. 3.9 million
3 Montreal Montreal 3.7 million
4 Toronto City of Toronto and Mississauga 3.5 million
5  Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg 3.3 million
6 Toronto Greater Toronto Area, n.i.e. 3.2 million
7 the rest of Quebec 4.0
8 half of the rest of Ontario 3.8
9 another half of the rest of Ontario 3.8
10 Atlantic Canada and Quebec, n.i.e. 2.4 + 1.5
 Canada 37.0 million

Into 6 equal areas

[edit]
Rank Area Pop. (2021)
1 Toronto Greater Toronto Area 6.7 million
2  Ontario, n.i.e. 6.5 million
3 Eastern Canada, n.i.e. 6.2 million
4 5 cities in Western Canada[a] 6.0 million
5 5 cities in Eastern Canada[b] 5.8 million
6 Western Canada, n.i.e. 5.8 million
 Canada 37.0 million

Into 5 equal areas

[edit]

?

Into 4 equal areas

[edit]
Rank Area Pop. (2021)
1  Canada, n.i.e. 9.8 million
2 Toronto Toronto and Montreal Montreal 9.3 million
3 British Columbia British Columbia and Alberta Alberta 9.3 million
4  Ontario, n.i.e. 8.6 million
 Canada 37.0 million

Into 3 equal areas

[edit]
Rank Area Pop. (2021)
1 Western Canada[c] 12.7 million
2  Ontario, n.i.e. 12.6 million
3  Quebec, Atlantic Canada, and  Ottawa 11.7 million
 Canada 37.0 million

Into 2 equal areas

[edit]
2021
Rank Area Pop. (2021)
1 Canada Canada, n.i.e. 19.0 million
2 Canada 10 centres across Canada[d] 18.0 million
 Canada 37.0 million

Election results timeline

[edit]
Year Canada
CA 		Yukon
YT 		British Columbia
BC 		Alberta
AB 		Saskatchewan
SK 		Manitoba
MB 		Ontario
ON 		Quebec
QC 		New Brunswick
NB 		Nova Scotia
NS 		Prince Edward Island
PE 		Newfoundland and Labrador
NL
1933 N/A Lib. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Lib. N/A N/A
1934 Lib. Lib.
1935 Lib. Lib. Lib. Lib.
1936 Lib. UN
1937 Lib. Lib. Lib.
1938 Lib.
1939 Lib. Lib. Lib.
1940 Lib. Socred
1941 Lib. Lib. Lib.
1942
1943 PC Lib.
1944 Socred NDP UN Lib.
1945 Lib. Coa. Lib. PC Lib.
1946
1947 Lib.
1948 Socred NDP PC UN Lib.
1949 Lib. Coa. Lib. Lib. Lib.
1950
1951 PC Lib. Lib.
1952 Socred Socred NDP UN PC
1953 Lib. Socred Lib. Lib.
1954
1955 Socred PC Lib.
1956 Socred NDP UN PC PC Lib.
1957 PC
1958 PC PC
1959 Socred PC PC PC Lib.
1960 Socred NDP PLQ Lib. PC
1961
1962 PC PC PLQ PC Lib.
1963 Lib. Socred Socred PC Lib. PC
1964 Lib.
1965 Lib.
1966 Socred PC UN Lb. Lib.
1967 Socred Lib. PC Lib. PC
1968 Lib.
1969 Socred NDP
1970 PLQ PC Lib. Lib.
1971 PC NDP PC PC
1972 Lib. NDP PC
1973 NDP PLQ
1974 Lib. PC Lib. Lib.
1975 Socred PC NDP PC PC
1976 PQ
1977 PC PC
1978 PC NDP PC PC Lib.
1979 PC Socred PC PC PC
1980 Lib.
1981 NDP PC PQ PC
1982 PC PC PC PC PC PC
1983 Socred
1984 PC PC
1985 NDP Lib. PLQ PC
1986 Socred PC PC NDP Lib.
1987 Lib. Lib.
1988 PC PC PC
1989 NDP PC PLQ Lib. Lib.
1990 PC NDP
1991 NDP NDP Lib.
1992 Yukon
1993 Lib. PC Lib. Lib. Lib.
1994 PQ
1995 NDP PC PC Lib.
1996 NDP NDP PC Lib.
1997 Lib. PC
1998 PQ Lib.
1999 NDP NDP PC PC PC Lib.
2000 Lib. Lib. PC
2001 BCL PC
2002 Yukon
2003 NDP NDP Lib. PLQ PC PC PC PC
2004 Lib. PCA
2005 BCL
2006 Cons. Yukon Lib. PC
2007 Sask NDP Lib. PLQ Lib. PC
2008 Cons. PCA PLQ
2009 BCL NDP
2010 PC
2011 Cons. Yukon Sask NDP Lib. Lib. PC
2012 PCA PQ
2013 BCL Lib.
2014 Lib. PLQ Lib.
2015 Lib. NDP Lib. Lib.
2016 Lib. Sask PC
2017 NDP Lib.
2018 PC CAQ PC
2019 Lib. UCP PC PC Lib.
2020 NDP Sask PC
2021 Lib. Lib. PC Lib.
2022 PC CAQ
Year Canada
CA 		Yukon
YT 		British Columbia
BC 		Alberta
AB 		Saskatchewan
SK 		Manitoba
MB 		Ontario
ON 		Quebec
QC 		New Brunswick
NB 		Nova Scotia
NS 		Prince Edward Island
PE 		Newfoundland and Labrador
NL
Bold indicates best result to date.
  Present in legislature
  Official opposition
  In government

Make +/- chart of party strength

Party

[edit]
See also: Timeline of Canadian elections
Abbreviation Party
Pre Pre-Confederation
BCL British Columbia Liberal
LIB Liberal Party
NDP NDP
CCF CCF
ASC Alberta Social Credit
UF United Farmers
SK Saskatchewan Party
BSC British Columbia Social Credit
PQ Parti Québécois
CON Progressive Conservatives or historical Conservatives
YU Yukon Party
CPC Conservative Party
UN Union Nationale
APC Alberta Progressive Conservative
CAQ Coalition Avenir Québec
Co. Coalition
N/A Nonpartisan, and consensus government
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
1867 1st
Co.[1]
[e] 		1st
PC[2] 		1st
[f] 		1st
LIB[3] 		1st
PC[4]
1868
1869
1870 1st
N/A[5] 		2nd
N/A 		(Temp.
Council)
1871 1st
N/A[6] 		2nd
LIB[1] 		2nd
PC[2] 		2nd
LIB[3]
1872 2nd
PC[7]
1873 26th
PC[8]
1874 2nd
N/A[5] 		3rd
N/A 		3rd
LIB[3] 		3rd
LIB[9]
1875 2nd
N/A[6] 		3rd
LIB[1] 		3rd
PC[2]
1876 27th
PC[10] 		(First
Council)
1877
1878 3rd[6] 3rd[5] 4th
LIB
[g] 		4th
N/A 		4th
PC[3] 		4th
PC[11]
1879 4th
PC[5] 		4th
LIB[1] 		28th
PC[12]
1880
1881 5th
PC[2]
1882 4th
N/A[6] 		5th
N/A 		5th
LIB[3] 		29th
PC[13] 		5th
PC[14]
1883 5th
PC[5] 		5th
LIB[1]
1884
1885
1886 5th
N/A[6] 		6th
PC[5] 		6th
LIB[1] 		6th
LIB[2] 		6th
N/A 		6th
LIB[3] 		30th
PC[15]
1887 6th
PC[16]
1888 7th
LIB[5] 		1st
N/A
1889
1890 6th
N/A[6] 		7th
LIB[1] 		7th
LIB[2] 		7th
N/A 		7th
LIB[3] 		31st
Co.[h][17]
1891 2nd
N/A 		7th
PC[18]
1892 8th
LIB[5] 		8th
PC[2] 		8th
N/A
1893 32nd
LIB[19]
1894 7th
N/A[6] 		8th
LIB[1] 		8th
LIB[3] 		3rd
N/A
1895 9th
N/A
1896 9th
LIB[5] 		8th
LIB[20]
1897 9th
LIB[2] 		9th
LIB[3] 		33rd
LIB[21]
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
N/A LIB LIB LIB N/A LIB LIB N/A LIB
1898 8th
N/A[6] 		9th
LIB[1] 		N/A
[i] 		4th
N/A
1899 10th
CON[5] 		10th
N/A
1900 9th
N/A[6] 		10th
LIB[2] 		34th
LIB[22] 		1st
N/A 		9th
LIB
1901 10th
LIB[3]
1902 10th
LIB[1] 		5th
CON
1903 10th
CON[6] 		11th
CON[5] 		11th
N/A 		2nd
1904 11th
LIB[2] 		35th
LIB[22] 		10th
LIB
1905 1st
ABL[23] 		1st
LIB[24] 		11th
CON[1] 		3rd
N/A 		(Second
Council)
1906 11th
LIB[3]
1907 11th
CON[6] 		12th
CON[5] 		4th
N/A
1908 2nd
LIB[25] 		12th
CON[1] 		12th
LIB[2] 		12th
N/A 		36th
LIB[22] 		11th
LIB
1909 12th
CON[6] 		2nd
ABL[23] 		5th
N/A
1910 13th
CON[5]
1911 13th
CON[1] 		12th
LIB[3] 		12th
CON
1912 13th
CON[6] 		3rd
LIB[26] 		13th
LIB[2] 		13th
N/A 		37th
CON[22] 		6th
N/A
1913 3rd
ABL[23]
1914 14th
CON[5] 		14th
CON[1]
1915 15th
LIB[5] 		38th
CON[22] 		7th
N/A
1916 14th
BCL[6] 		14th
LIB[2] 		13th
LIB[3]
1917 4th
ABL[23] 		4th
LIB[27] 		14th
N/A 		8th
N/A 		13th
Co.
1918
1919 15th
UF[1] 		15th
LIB[2] 		39th
LIB[22]
1920 15th
BCL[6] 		16th
LIB[5] 		15th
N/A 		14th
LIB[3] 		9th
N/A
1921 5th
UF[23] 		5th
LIB[28] 		14th
LIB
1922 17th
UF[5] 		10th
N/A
1923 16th
CON[1] 		16th
LIB[2] 		40th
CON[22]
1924 16th
BCL[6]
1925 6th
LIB[29] 		16th
N/A 		15th
CON[3] 		11th
N/A 		15th[j]
1926 6th
UF[23] 		17th
CON[1] 		16th
LIB
1927 18th
UF[5] 		17th
LIB[2] 		41st
LIB[22]
1928 17th
CON[6] 		16th
CON[3] 		12th
N/A
1929 7th
Co.[k][30] 		18th
CON[1]
1930 7th
UF[23] 		17th
N/A 		17th
CON
1931 18th
LIB[2] 		42nd
CON[22] 		13th
N/A
1932 19th
LIB[5]
1933 18th
BCL[6] 		17th
LIB[3]
1934 8th
LIB[31] 		19th
LIB[1] 		14th
N/A
1935 8th
SC[23] 		19th
LIB[2] 		18th
LIB 		43rd
LIB[22] 		18th
LIB
1936 20th
LIB[5] 		20th
UN[2]
1937 19th
BCL[6] 		20th
LIB[1] 		18th
LIB[3] 		15th
N/A
1938 9th
LIB[32]
1939 21st
LIB[2] 		19th
LIB 		44th
LIB[22]
1940 9th
SC[23] 		16th
N/A 		19th
LIB
1941 20th
Co.[l][6] 		21st
LIB[5] 		19th
LIB[3]
1942
1943 21st
CON[1] 		45th
LIB[22]
1944 10th
SC[23] 		10th
CCF[33] 		22nd
UN[2] 		20th
LIB 		17th
N/A
1945 21st
Co.[l][6] 		22nd
LIB[5] 		22nd
CON[1] 		20th
LIB[3] 		20th
LIB
1946
1947 46th
LIB[22] 		18th
N/A
1948 11th
SC[23] 		11th
CCF[34] 		23rd
CON[1] 		23rd
UN[2] 		21st
LIB
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
Co. ASC CCF LIB PC UN LIB LIB LIB N/A N/A LIB
1949 22nd
Co.[l][6] 		23rd
LIB[5] 		21st
LIB[3] 		30th
LIB 		19th
N/A 		21st
LIB
1950
1951 24th
CON[1] 		47th
LIB[22] 		31st
LIB 		6th
N/A
1952 23rd
BSC[6] 		12th
ASC[23] 		12th
CCF[35] 		24th
UN[2] 		22nd
CON 		20th
N/A
1953 24th
BSC[6] 		24th
LIB[5] 		22nd
LIB[3] 		22nd
LIB
1954 7th
N/A
1955 13th
ASC[23] 		25th
CON[1] 		48th
LIB[22] 		21st
N/A
1956 25th
BSC[6] 		13th
CCF[36] 		25th
UN[2] 		23rd
CON 		23rd
CON[3] 		32nd
LIB
1957 8th
N/A 		23rd
CON
1958 25th
CON[5] 		22nd
N/A 		24th
CON
1959 14th
ASC[23] 		26th
CON[5] 		26th
CON[1] 		49th
CON[22] 		33rd
LIB
1960 26th
BSC[6] 		14th
CCF[37] 		26th
LIB[2] 		24th
LIB 		24th
CON[3] 		9th
N/A
1961 23rd
N/A
1962 27th
CON[5] 		27th
LIB[2] 		50th
CON[22] 		34th
LIB 		25th
CON
1963 27th
BSC[6] 		15th
ASC[23] 		27th
CON[1] 		25th
LIB 		25th
CON[3] 		26th
LIB
1964 15th
LIB[38] 		24th
N/A 		10th
1965 27th
LIB
1966 28th
BSC[6] 		28th
CON[5] 		28th
UN[2] 		51st
LIB[22] 		35th
LIB
1967 16th
ASC[23] 		16th
LIB[39] 		28th
CON[1] 		26th
LIB 		26th
CON[3] 		25th
N/A 		11th
N/A
1968 28th
LIB
1969 29th
BSC[6] 		29th
NDP[5]
1970 29th
LIB[2] 		27th
CON 		27th
LIB[3] 		52nd
LIB[22] 		26th
N/A 		12th
N/A
1971 17th
APC[23] 		17th
NDP[40] 		29th
CON[1] 		36th
CON
1972 30th
NDP[6] 		37th
CON 		29th
LIB
1973 30th
NDP[5] 		30th
LIB[41]
1974 28th
CON 		28th
LIB[3] 		53rd
LIB[22] 		27th
N/A 		30th
LIB
1975 31st
BSC[6] 		18th
APC[23] 		18th
NDP[42] 		30th
CON[1] 		38th
CON 		13th
N/A
1976 31st
PQ[41]
1977 31st
CON[5] 		31st
CON[1]
1978 19th
NDP[43] 		29th
CON 		29th
CON[3] 		54th
LIB[22] 		28th
CON
1979 32nd
BSC[6] 		19th
APC[23] 		55th
CON[22] 		39th
CON 		14th
N/A 		31st
CON
1980 32nd
LIB
1981 32nd
NDP[5] 		32nd
CON[1] 		32nd
PQ[41] 		30th
CON[3]
1982 20th
APC[23] 		20th
CON[44] 		30th
CON 		56th
CON[22] 		40th
CON 		29th
CON
1983 33rd
BSC[6] 		15th
N/A
1984 31st
CON[3] 		33rd
CON
1985 33rd
LIB[1] 		33rd
LIB[41] 		41st
CON 		30th
NDP
1986 34th
BSC[6] 		21st
APC[23] 		21st
CON[45] 		33rd
NDP[5] 		57th
LIB[22]
1987 34th
LIB[1] 		31st
LIB 		16th
N/A
1988 34th
CON[5] 		32nd
CON[3] 		34th
CON
1989 22nd
APC[23] 		34th
LIB[41] 		58th
LIB[22] 		42nd 31st
NDP
1990 35th
CON[5] 		35th
NDP[1]
1991 35th
NDP[46] 		22nd
NDP[47] 		32nd
LIB 		17th
N/A
1992 32nd
YU
1993 23rd
APC[23] 		33rd
LIB[3] 		59th
LIB[22] 		43rd
LIB 		35th
LIB
1994 35th
PQ[41]
1995 23rd
NDP[48] 		36th[5] 36th[1] 33rd
LIB 		18th
N/A
1996 36th
NDP[46] 		60th
CON[22] 		44th 33rd
NDP
1997 24th
APC[23] 		36th
LIB
1998 36th
PQ[41] 		34th
LIB[3]
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU   Federal
NDP APC NDP CON CON PQ LIB LIB CON LIB NDP N/A LIB
1999 24th
Co.[m][49] 		37th
NDP[5] 		37th
CON[1] 		34th
CON 		35th
CON[3] 		45th
LIB 		19th
N/A 		1st
N/A
2000 61st
CON[22] 		34th
LIB 		37th
LIB
2001 37th
BCL[46] 		25th
APC[23]
2002 35th
YU
2003 25th
NDP[50] 		38th
NDP[5] 		38th
LIB[1] 		37th
LIB[41] 		35th
CON 		36th
CON[3] 		62nd
CON[22] 		46th
CON 		20th
N/A
2004 26th
APC[23] 		2nd
N/A 		38th
LIB
2005 38th
BCL[46]
2006 36th
LIB 		37th
CON[3] 		36th
YU 		39th
CPC
2007 26th
SK[51] 		39th
NDP[5] 		39th
LIB[1] 		38th
LIB[41] 		63rd
LIB[22] 		47th
CON 		21st
N/A
2008 27th
APC[23] 		39th
LIB[41] 		3rd
N/A 		40th
CPC
2009 39th
BCL[46] 		38th
NDP[3]
2010 37th
CON
2011 27th
SK[52] 		40th
NDP[5] 		40th
LIB[1] 		64th
LIB 		48th
CON 		37th
YU 		22nd
N/A 		41st
CPC
2012 28th
APC[23] 		40th
PQ[41]
2013 40th
BCL[46] 		39th
LIB[3] 		4th
N/A
2014 41st
LIB[1] 		41st
LIB[41] 		38th
LIB
2015 29th
NDP[23] 		65th
LIB 		49th
LIB 		23rd
N/A 		42nd
LIB
2016 28th
SK[53] 		41st
CON 		38th
LIB
2017 41st
NDP[46] 		40th
LIB[3] 		5th
N/A
2018 42nd
CON[1] 		42nd
CAQ[41] 		39th
CON
2019 30th
UCP[23] 		42nd
CON 		66th
CON 		50th
LIB 		24th
N/A 		43rd
LIB
2020 42nd
NDP[46] 		29th
SK[54] 		40th
CON
2021 41st
CON[3] 		51st
LIB 		39th
LIB 		6th
N/A 		44th
LIB
2022 43rd
CON[1] 		43rd
CAQ[41]
2023 next next next next
2024 next next next
2025 next next next next
2026 next next next
2027
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YU NT NU   Federal
  • fix earlier BCliberal which is yellow

Chart

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^  Vancouver,  Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, and Victoria.
  2. ^  Montreal,  Ottawa,  Quebec City, Halifax, and  Gatineau.
  3. ^ Including Northern Ontario.
  4. ^  Toronto,  Montreal,  Vancouver,  Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa Ottawa–Gatineau, Winnipeg,  Quebec City,  Hamilton, and Kitchener.
  5. ^ Coalition between Conservative and Liberal parties (who won 41 out of 82 seats each).
  6. ^ The first New Brunswick general election was held pre-confederation and is not technically a Canadian election.
  7. ^ Power went back and forth a few times surrounding the 1878 election. For most of that legislature, the Liberals controlled a minority parliament with the support of some Conservative members.
  8. ^ Conservative and Liberal parties won 15 seats each (out of 30).
  9. ^ Although Yukon was created in 1898, the Territorial Council was wholly appointed from 1898 to 1900.
  10. ^ The Conservative party won the most seats, but the Liberal party maintained power with support from the Progressive party without forming an official coalition. Partway through the 15th Parliament the Conservative Party took control of government, but was not able to obtain the confidence of the House. See King–Byng Affair.
  11. ^ The Liberal party won the most seats, but lost a motion of no-confidence shortly after the election resulting in a coalition between the Conservative and Progressive parties.
  12. ^ a b c Coalition between Liberal and Conservative parties.
  13. ^ Coalition between NDP and Liberal Party.

Saskatchewan minors elected

[edit]

Not incl Progressive since they won a handful

Election MLA Constituency Party/description
1917 David John Sykes Swift Current   Independent
1919 (b) Wesley Harper Harvey Kindersley   Independent
1921 William George Baker Moose Jaw City   Labour
David John Sykes Swift Current   Independent
Harris Turner Saskatoon City   Independent
1925 William George Baker Moose Jaw City   Labour–Liberal
1929 John Robeson Taylor Wadena   Independent
1929 (b) Alan Carl Stewart Yorkton   Independent
1938 John Herman Melville   Social Credit
Bill Roseland Cut Knife   Social Credit
Alan Carl Stewart Yorkton   Unity
Herman K. Warren Bengough   Unity
1948 Louis M. Marion Athabasca   Independent
1956 Isaak Elias Rosthern   Social Credit
Leo Nile Nicholson Nipawin   Social Credit
Alphonse Peter Weber Meadow Lake   Social Credit

Historical timeline

[edit]

Important First Ministers

[edit]
Canada

Historical timeline

[edit]

Legend

  •   – Confederation
  •   – environment
  •   – Indigenous
  •   – labour
  •   – Quebec
  •   – Western Canada

Timeline

  • …
  • MACDONALD I (1867)
  • 1867 –   BNA Act creates Dominion of Canada from Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia
  • X 1869 –     Red River Rebellion begins (until 1870)
  • 1870 –     Rupert’s Land and NWT transferred to Canada as NT
  • 1870 –       MB is created
  • 1871 –   BC joins Canada (created from VI and BC)
  • 1871 –     signing of numbered treaties begin (until 1921) between Crown and various First Nations
  • X 1872 –   Dominion Lands Act
  • 1873 –   NWMP created
  • 1873 –   PE joins Canada
  • MACKENZIE (1873)
  • X 1876 –   Indian Act
  • MACDONALD II (1878)
  • 1880 –   Arctic islands transferred to Canada into NT
  • 1885 –     North-West Rebellion sees Riel and supporters declare a provisional government in SK, are defeated by Canadian militia
  • 1885 –   CPR completed
  • ABBOTT (1891)
  • THOMPSON (1892)
  • BOWELL (1894)
  • TUPPER (1896)
  • LAURIER (1896)
  • 1896 – Klondike Gold Rush begins (until 1899)
  • 1903 –     Alaska boundary dispute settled with no sea access for the Yukon
  • 1905 –     SK and AB created
  • 1910 – Royal Canadian Navy created
  • BORDEN (1911)
  • X 1914 – WWI begins (until 1918), War Measures Act used
  • 1917 – Halifax Explosion
  • 1918 – women get right to vote
  • 1918 – flu pandemic begins (until 1920) and kills at least 55 thousand
  • 1918 – RCAF created
  • X 1918 –   Canadian Labour Revolt begins (until 1925)
  • MEIGHEN I (1920)
  • 1921 – Insulin is discovered at the UofT
  • KING I (1921)
  • X 1923 –     Saskatchewan Wheat Pool founded
  • MEIGHEN II (1926)
  • KING II (1926)
  • 1926 –   Balfour Declaration makes us equal to all in the empire (in domestic and external affairs), thus de facto independence
  • X 1929 – Great Depression begins (until 1939)
  • X 1929 –   Dust Bowl begins
  • X 1930 –   SK gets jurisdiction over its crown lands allowing for additional source of taxation, less ag responsibility to nation, more influence
  • BENNETT (1930)
  • 1931 –   Statue of Westminster implemented in UK, ends their ability to pass or nullify Canadian laws, formally recognises de facto independence
  • 1931 –     Estevan Riot as RCMP confront striking coal miners and kill 3
  • X 1935 –     On-to-Ottawa Trek
  • KING III (1935)
  • X 1939 – WWII begins (until 1945), War Measures Act used
  • X 1944 –     the SK CCF is elected (until 1961) to form the first socialist government in Northern America, will introduce many things (eg. 11 crown corps, FSIN, socialised medicine, rural electricity, bill of rights)
  • 1945 – Canada joins UN
  • 1947 – Canadian Citizenship Act gives newly created Canadian citizenship to all (previously British subjects) and from now on as birthright
  • LAURENT (1948)
  • 1949 –   NL joins Canada after referendum vs independence or status quo (41% for in first round, 52% in second round)
  • DIEFENBAKER (1957)
  • 1960 –   Indians get right to vote without having to forfeit status and treaty rights
  • X 1960 –   Quiet Revolution begins
  • PEARSON (1963)
  • 1963 –   FLQ founded (far-left, anticolonial, decentralised, militant), throughout 60s bombs anglophone people and places
  • X 1965 – Medicare implemented federally
  • 1967 – Expo 67
  • P. TRUDEAU I (1968)
  • 1970 –   October Crisis as kidnappings (UK diplomat Cross, QC labour minister Laporte) with demands (eg. broadcasting FLQ manifesto, release of ‘political prisoners’), QC premier Bourassa asks and PET uses War Measures Act (to use military, deem FLQ unlawful; suspend due process, basic rights and liberties; allows searches and arrests without warrant, long detentions without charges nor right to see lawyer; opposed by NDP), Cross released (after negotiations allowing his kidnappers free passage to CUB) but Laporte est tué, hundreds arrested then released without charges, now politicians are less accessible and have security
  • 1972 – Summit Series
  • 1973 –   Calder v BC sees SCC rule that Aboriginal title existed prior to colonial Canadian law
  • 1976 – Montreal hosts summer Olympics
  • CLARK (1979)
  • P. TRUDEAU II (1980)
  • 1980 – Terry Fox’s marathon of hope
  • 1980 –   1st QC independence referendum (proposal to establish all-but-economic sovereignty) fails with 40% of vote
  • 1981 – Terry Fox dies
  • X 1982 –   Constitution Act patriates the Constitution (even with Quebec’s veto attempt, shut down by SCC) including the Charter and guarantee of treaty rights, giving total independence
  • TURNER (1984)
  • MULRONEY (1984)
  • 1988 – Calgary hosts winter Olympics
  • 1989 – CUS FTA to reduce trade barriers
  • 1989 – Montréal Massacre as 14 murdered, 14 more injured in gender-based violence at École Polytechnique de Montréal
  • 1990 –     Meech Lake Accord (signed 1987) fails to be implemented in time as only 8/10 provinces support [see below]
  • X 1990 –   Oka Crisis ( Kanehsatake resistance) as Mohawk blockade to protest golf and condos in their land, injunction, armed police raid (officer killed in shootout; 1 warrior later killed also), QC premier Bourassa calls in CAF invasion, after 2.5 month siege Mohawks burn weapons and walk out (not surrender) but police don’t let them leave their contained area
  • 1991 – SK PC expenses scandal leads to fraud scandal, investigation convicting 14 MLAs (6 of whom got jail time), party collapse, 2 connected suicides
  • 1991 – SK satanic scandals (Martensville sex and S’toon foster parent)
  • 1992 –     Charlottetown Accord fails to be implemented after referendum with 45% of vote [see below]
  • CAMPBELL (1993)
  • 1993 –   Clayoquot protests (or ‘War in the Woods’)
  • CHRÉTIEN (1993)
  • 1994 – NA FTA creates free trade zone
  • 1995 –   Gustafsen Lake standoff for 1 month as Ts'peten refuse to leave land in ceremony, exchange fire with RCMP
  • 1995 –   Ipperwash Crisis as Ojibwe occupy land taken during WWII under WMA, unarmed Dudley George shot and killed by OPP
  • X 1995 –   2nd QC independence referendum fails with 49% of vote
  • 1997 –   Delgamuukw v BC sees SCC rule that Aboriginal has not been extinguished in BC
  • X 1998 –   SCC rules there’s no right to unilateral succession under Canadian or international law, but if QC were to vote clearly in favour it should be negotiated
  • 1999 –     Nunavut is created following referendums in 1982, 1992 (56%, 69% in favour), land claims agreement in 1993
  • X 2000 –     Clarity Act establishes that provincial succession requires a clearly phrased referendum followed by negotiations also involving all provinces and Indigenous peoples, and require a constitutional amendment
  • MARTIN (2003)
  • 2005 – Civil Marriage Act legalises same-sex marriage
  • X 2005 –   Kelowna Accord
  • HAPRER (2006)
  • 2006 –   IRS Settlement Agreement sees creation of TRC in 2008 (report in 2015)
  • 2009 – Swine flu pandemic begins (until 2010) and kills at least 428
  • 2010 – Vancouver hosts winter Olympics
  • 2011 – Jack Layton dies
  • J. TRUDEAU (2015)
  • X 2017 – C-Eu TA
  • X 2017 – C FTA to reduce interprovincial trade barriers
  • 2018 – Cannabis Act legalises recreational cannabis
  • 2020 –     Wetʼsuwetʼen protests begin (ongoing)
  • 2020 – COVID-19 pandemic begins (ongoing) and kills at least 28 thousand
  • 2020 –   Fairy Creek protests begin (ongoing)
  • 2021 – 2021 heat wave kills at least 676 (in BC and AB)

People

  • Tommy Douglas (1904–1986), politician, 7th premier of Saskatchewan, leader of the NDP
  • Terry Fox (1958–1981), athlete, humanitarian, cancer research activist
  • Jack Layton (1950–2011), politician, leader of the NDP
  • Louis Riel (1844–1885), politician, founder of Manitoba, political leader of the Métis
  • Lester B. Pearson (1897–1972), scholar, statesman, soldier, diplomat, and 14th prime minister

Notes

Add : Bloody Sunday, Black Tuesday, …, G20 Protests, Railway protests, Convoy protests

Also add 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute?

Elaboration

[edit]
1990 – Meech Lake Accord
  • Was a constitutional amendment package negotiated to gain Quebec's acceptance of the Constitution Act, 1982
  • Was negotiated and signed by all 11 First Ministers behind closed doors (part of its criticism) in 1987
  • Would've recognised Quebec as distinct society, allow provinces to opt out of federal social progras to make own ones, created First Ministers conference (to discuss Senate reform, fisheries, and more such as equality and Indigenous issues), amended constitutional amendment process
  • In accordance with Constitution Act, required ratification within 3 years by all 10 provinces; Quebec did so first, but Manitoba failed to finish hearings in time (despite all parties supporting it, MLA Elijah Harper singlehandedly fillibustered any attempt to allow unanimous consent to proceed without hearings as the accord didn’t consider Indigenous peoples as a party too) so a delayed deadline was suggested (which the new anti-accord Newfoundland premier used to argue against it, with his party voting in assembly to remove NL’s support)
  • In response, MP Lucien Bouchard (PC minister) walks out of the party and founds the BQ alongside other PC and Liberal backbenchers
  • Over time, Anglo Canadians views of the accord (and of Mulroney) went down too
  • In 2017, QC premier Couillard (Liberal) proposed having Quebec sign the constitution with a proposal echoing this accord but J Trudeau shot it down
1992 – Charlottetown Accord
  • Same goals as the Meech Lake Accord
  • Negotiated between 2 QC committees, 2 other committees, federal and provincial/territorial governments, and Indigenous groups (AFN, Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, Inuit Tapirisat, Metis National Council)
  • Would've recognized Quebec as distinct society (as part of 'Canada clause' of values), decentralised powers to provinces (forestry, mining, cultural affairs; remove Disallowance; allow provinces to opt out of federal social programs to make own ones; also eliminate interprovincial barriers), addressed Indigenous self-government, reformed House (more seats; at least 25% for QC) and Senate (equal number for each province, elected by provincial parliaments or people, effective a.k.a. less powers; for some matters require 'double majority' of both all senators and Franco ones)
  • Supported by all 11 First Ministers, PCs, Liberals, and NDP; opposed to by Manning (Reform; for too much Quebec, not enough Senate reform), Bouchard and Parizeau (BQ and PQ; for not going far enough), PET, and Elijah Harper
  • Could've been a constitutional amendment but Mulroney gov put it up to referendum
  • Final result: 45% for vs 55% against; less than 50% in Yukon, BC, Prairies, QC, and NS
  • In 2006, the House passed a motion to recognise QC "form a nation within a united Canada""
Uses of the War Measures Act and Emergencies Act
  1. War Measures Act – 1914 August to 1920 January
  2. War Measures Act – 1939 August to 1945 December
    1. National Emergency Transitional Powers Act – 1946 January to 1947 March
    2. Continuation of Transitional Measures Act – 1947 April to 1951 April
  3. War Measures Act – 1970 October to 1970 November
    1. Public Order (Temporary Measures) Act – 1970 December to 1971 April
  4. Emergencies Act – 2022 February to present

Constitution of Canda

[edit]

Does not include those repealed before 1982 nor in 1982. Consider also Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution, and add the unwritten and informal componenets of the constitution.

Documents in the constitution (1982) – all of which are Acts of the UK Parliament
  1. Constitution Act, 1867 – creates Canada as a federal dominion and defines its organization
  2. Manitoba Act (1870) – created and entered Manitoba into Confederation
  3. Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory Order (1870) – made Rupert’s Land part of Canada
  4. British Columbia Terms of Union (1871) – entered British Columbia into Confederation
  5. Constitution Act, 1871 – gave Canada the power to create provinces and territories and propose amendments to their boundaries
  6. Prince Edward Island Terms of Union (1873) – entered British Columbia into Confederation
  7. Parliament of Canada Act, 1875 – clarified the powers of Parliament
  8. Adjacent Territories Order (1880) – made the Arctic Islands part of Canada
  9. Constitution Act, 1886 – made possible for territories to have representation in Parliament
  10. Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 – extended Ontario’s boundaries to James Bay
  11. Alberta Act (1905) – created and entered Alberta into Confederation
  12. Saskatchewan Act (1905) – created and entered Saskatchewan into Confederation
  13. Constitution Act, 1907 – regulated transfer payments from the federal government to smaller provinces
  14. Constitution Act, 1915 – adjusted seat counts in the Senate for the Western provinces and Newfoundland
  15. Constitution Act, 1930 – gave the Western provinces control over their natural resources
  16. Statute of Westminster, 1931 – gave legislative equality between Canada and the United Kingdom
  17. Constitution Act, 1940 – gave the federal government jurisdiction over unemployment insurance, allowing for it
  18. Newfoundland Act (1949) – entered Newfoundland into Confederation
  19. Constitution Act, 1960 – instituted mandatory retirement for superior court justices at age 75
  20. Constitution Act, 1964 – extended the federal government’s jurisdiction over pensions, allowing for the CPP
  21. Constitution Act, 1965 – instituted mandatory retirement for senators at age 75
  22. Constitution Act, 1974 – modified House of Commons seat apportionment, including a Quebec guarantee
  23. REPLACED Constitution Act (No. 1), 1975 – granted a second MP to the Northwest Territories (replaced 1999)
  24. Constitution Act (No. 2), 1975 – granted one Senate seat to Yukon and the Northwest Territories
  25. Canada Act, 1982 – decrees that acts of the United Kingdom Parliament no longer extend to Canada
  26. Constitution Act, 1982 – introduced the Charter, recognized Aboriginal rights, created means to amend the Constitution and declared which documents (these 26 listed here) are part of it
Amendments to the Constitution (since 1982) – all of which are Acts of the Canadian Parliament
  1. Constitution Amendment Proclamation, 1983 – strengthened Aboriginal constitutional rights
  2. REPLACED Constitution Act, 1985 (Representation) – modified House of Commons seat apportionment formula (replaced 2011)
  3. REPLACED Constitution Amendment, 1987 (Newfoundland Act) – extended education rights to the Pentecostal Church in Newfoundland (replaced 1998)
  4. Constitution Amendment, 1993 (New Brunswick) – recognised English and French communities in New Brunswick as equal in the Charter
  5. Constitution Amendment, 1993 (Prince Edward Island) – allowed for a fixed link bridge to Prince Edward Island
  6. Constitution Amendment, 1997 (Newfoundland Act) – allowed Newfoundland to create a secular school system
  7. Constitutional Amendment, 1997 (Quebec) – allowed Quebec to replace denominational school boards with linguistic ones
  8. Constitution Amendment, 1998 (Newfoundland Act) – ended denominational quotas for Newfoundland religion classes
  9. Constitution Act, 1999 (Nunavut) – granded Senate representation to Nunavut
  10. Constitution Amendment, 2001 (Newfoundland and Labrador) – renamed Newfoundland
  11. REPLACED Fair Representation Act, 2011 – modified House of Commons seat apportionment formula
  12. Constitution Amendment, 2022 (Saskatchewan Act) – retroactively repealed tax exemptions for the CP Railway
  13. Act respecting French, the official and common language of Quebec (2022) – furthered French language superiority in Quebec
  14. Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act (2022) – modified House of Commons seat apportionment formula, guaranteeing no province can lose seats in federal electoral redistributions

Sorted by category

[edit]
  • On Canada’s borders and its provinces and territories: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 18, A10
  • On education and language rights: (A3), A4, A6, A7, A8, A13
  • On the functioning of the federal government: 7, 19, 21, 26*
  • On the relationship between Canadian governments and Aboriginal peoples: 26*, A1
  • On the relationship between Canadian governments and certain entities: A12
  • On the relationship between the federal government and the provinces and territories: 5, 13, 15, 17, 20, A5
  • On the relationship between the federal government and the United Kingdom: 1, 16, 25
  • On the seats in the Parliament of Canada: 9, 14, 22, (23), 24, (A2), A9, (A11), A14

"Constitution of Saskatchewan"

[edit]
Main page: User:Tundraski/sandbox

The following lists documents of the Constitution of Canada that MAY pertain to Saskatchewan's provincial government. See notes in section above.

Documents in the constitution, 1982
  1. Constitution Act, 1867 – creates Canada as a federal dominion and defines its organization
  2. Constitution Act, 1871 – gave Canada the power to create provinces and territories and propose amendments to their boundaries
  3. Saskatchewan Act (1905) – created and entered Saskatchewan into Confederation
  4. Constitution Act, 1907 – regulated transfer payments from the federal government to smaller provinces
  5. Constitution Act, 1930 – gave the Western provinces control over their natural resources
  6. Constitution Act, 1940 – gave the federal government jurisdiction over unemployment insurance, allowing for it
  7. Constitution Act, 1964 – extended the federal government’s jurisdiction over pensions, allowing for the CPP
  8. Constitution Act, 1982 – introduced the Charter, recognized Aboriginal rights, created means to amend the Constitution and declared which documents (these 26 listed here) are part of it
Amendments
  1. Constitution Amendment, 2022 (Saskatchewan Act) – retroactively repealed tax exemptions for the CP Railway
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Elections Ontario. "Composition Of Legislature Following Ontario General Elections". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab National Assembly of Quebec. "La répartition des voix aux élections générales" (in French). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Government of Nova Scotia. "ESummary Results from 1867 to 2017" (PDF). Elections Statistics. Elections Nova Scotia. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  4. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1867-08-07 - 1867-09-20)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Government of Manitoba (2011). "Historical Summaries" (PDF). Elections Manitoba. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Government of British Columbia. "1871-1986" (PDF). Electoral History of British Columbia. Elections BC. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  7. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1872-07-20 - 1872-10-12)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  8. ^ Elections PEI. "Provincial Election Results. Election date: April 1873" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  9. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1874-01-22)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  10. ^ Elections PEI. "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 17 August 1876" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  11. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1878-09-17)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  12. ^ Elections PEI (2001-11-20). "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 2 April 1879" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  13. ^ Elections PEI. "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 8 May 1882" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  14. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1882-06-20)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  15. ^ Elections PEI (2001-11-13). "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 30 June 1886" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  16. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1887-02-22)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  17. ^ Elections PEI (2001-11-13). "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 30 January 1890" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  18. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1891-03-05)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  19. ^ Elections PEI (2001-11-19). "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 13 December 1893" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  20. ^ Parliament of Canada. "General Election (1896-06-23)". Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  21. ^ Elections PEI (2001-11-19). "Provincial Election Results. Election date: 28 July 1897" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Lowell Croken; Norma Palmer-Bowers (2009-01-31). "Prince Edward Island Historical Review of Elections Results (1900 to January 2009)" (PDF). Elections PEI. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Elections Alberta. "Historical Results". Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  24. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "First Provincial General Election (December 13, 1905)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  25. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Second Provincial General Election (August 14, 1908)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  26. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Third Provincial General Election (July 11, 1912)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  27. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Fourth Provincial General Election (June 26, 1917)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  28. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "FFifth Provincial General Election (June 9, 1921)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  29. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Sixth Provincial General Election (June 2, 1925)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  30. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Seventh Provincial General Election (June 6, 1929)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  31. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Eighth Provincial General Election (June 19, 1934)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  32. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Ninth Provincial General Election (June 8, 1938)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  33. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Tenth Provincial General Election (June 15, 1944)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  34. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Eleventh Provincial General Election (June 24, 1948)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  35. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twelfth Provincial General Election (June 11, 1952)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  36. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Thirteenth Provincial General Election (June 20, 1956)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  37. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Fourteenth Provincial General Election (June 8, 1960)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  38. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Fifteenth Provincial General Election (April 22, 1964)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  39. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Sixteenth Provincial General Election (October 11, 1967)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  40. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Seventeenth Provincial General Election (June 23, 1971)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Elections Quebec. "General elections". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  42. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Eighteenth Provincial General Election (June 11, 1975)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  43. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Nineteenth Provincial General Election (October 18, 1978)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  44. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twentieth Provincial General Election (April 26, 1982)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  45. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-First Provincial General Election (October 20, 1986)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h Government of British Columbia (2002). "1987-2001 Supplement" (PDF). Electoral History of British Columbia. Elections BC. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  47. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Second Provincial General Election (October 21, 1991)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  48. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Third Provincial General Election (June 21, 1995)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  49. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Fourth Provincial General Election (September 16, 1999)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  50. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Fifth Provincial General Election (November 5, 2003)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  51. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Sixth Provincial General Election (November 7, 2007)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  52. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Seventh Provincial General Election (November 7, 2011)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  53. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "2016 General Election Results". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  54. ^ Elections Saskatchewan (2021-06-30). "A Report on 29th Provincial General Election: Volume I. Statement of Votes" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
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