User:Tony24644/Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
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{{Statesman
Name = Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
|original name = Tuvan: Khun Noyan Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy Uger-Daa
|image = Buyan-Badyrgy.jpg
|width = 400
|image description = Head of the Government of the TPR M. Buyan - Badirgy
|position = Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Tannu-Tuva
|order = 1
|флаг = Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1926-1930).svg
|флаг2 = Emblem of the Tuvan People's Republic (1930).svg
|periodbeginning = August 13 1921
|periodend = 1922
|predecessor = Position established
successor = Maady Dalayovich Lopsan-Osur
|position_2 = Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Tannu-Tuva
|order_2 = 4
|page_2 = Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1926-1930).svg
|флаг2_2 = Emblem of the Tuvan People's Republic (1930).svg
|periodbeginning_2 = September 20 1923
|periodend_2 = September 18 1924
|predecessor_2 = Idam Syurun
|successor_2 = Soyan Oruygu
|order_3 = 1
|position_3 = First Secretary of the TNRP of the Tuvan People's Republic
|flag_3 =
|periodbeginning_3 = January 1926
|periodend_3 = February 1927
|predecessor_3 = Shagdir (as General Secretary of TNRP
|successor_3 = Ambyn-noyon Sodnam Balchir
|place of birth = Ayangats, Tannu-Uriankhai, Qing Empire |place of death = |party = Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party |wikimedia Commons= }}
Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (Tuvan: Khun Noyan Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy Uger-Daa; April 25, 1892 - March 22 1932a) - [[Tuvians|Tuvinian] ] public and statesman, founder of Tuvinian statehood.
Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy | |
|---|---|
Хүн Ноян Моңгуш Буян-Бадыргы Үгер-Даа
| |
 Portrait of Buyan-Badyrgy | |
| 1st Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Tannu-Tuva | |
| In office August 13 , 1921 – 1922 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Maady Dalayovich Lopsan-Osur |
| 4th Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Tannu-Tuva | |
| In office September 20 , 1923 – September 18 , 1924 | |
| Preceded by | Idam Syurun |
| Succeeded by | Soyan Oruigu |
| 1st First Secretary of the TNRP of the Tuvan People's Republic | |
| In office January 1926 – February 1927 | |
| Preceded by | Shagdyr (as Secretary General of the TNRP) |
| Succeeded by | Ambyn-noyon Sodnam Balchir |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Khun Noyan Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy Uger-Daa 25 April [O.S. 6 April] 1892[a] Ayangati,Tannu-Uriankhai,Qing Empire |
| Died | 22 March 1932 (aged 39) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Political party | |
Biography
[edit]Born on April 25, 1892, in the town of Ayangaty, situated in present-day Barun-Khemchik kozhuun, Tuva, Russia, Buyan-Badyrgy hailed from the family of herdsman Nomchul Mongush. He was later adopted by Noyon Khemchiksky's uncle, Daa-kozhuun Mongush Khaidyp, also known as Buurul Noyan.
Khaidyp Uger-daa emerged as a prominent figure in Tuva's political history, renowned for his education, aristocracy, and leadership skills. However, his attitude toward Russian settlers shifted significantly after Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, leading to their expulsion. Invited for negotiations by the Siberian Cossacks to Usinsk, Khaidyp claimed to be poisoned for his intractability. Despite his significant stature, he succumbed to illness and was buried with honors near the mouth of the Shemi river.
From a young age, Buyan-Badyrgy displayed sharp intellect, self-esteem, excellent manners, and a knack for reasonable compromises. Fluent in Mongolian, Tibetan, and Russian, he inherited these traits from Khaidyp. Following the death of his adoptive father in 1908, Buyan-Badyrgy assumed the role of clan leader, Daa-noyon, at the age of 16. Despite his youth, he commanded respect among Tuvians, Russians, and Mongols, earning praise for his education.
In 1912, amid the Xinhai Revolution and the weakening of Chinese power, Buyan-Badyrgy aligned with the "Russophiles" and, with his mentor Chamzy-Kamba, appealed to Russian Tsar Nicholas II for patronage. The Tsar's consent, granted on April 4, 1914, established Uryankhay Krai, a Russian protectorate over the Uriankhai region.[1][2]
Convocation of the Khural and Declaration of Tuva's Independence
[edit]Prior to the founding congress, Buyan-Badyrgy convened Khemchik kozhuun rulers to draft a Constitution declaring the sovereignty of Tannu-Tuva. This proposal, along with I. Safyanov's project, gained approval, and Buyan-Badyrgy played a pivotal role in the 1924 triple conference, leading to the recognition of Tuvan independence by the Soviet Union (1924) and Mongolia (1926).[3][4]
Political Activities and Posts
[edit]From 1908, Buyan-Badyrgy served as daa-noyon of Khemchik daa-kozhun. He held key positions in the government of the Republic of Tannu-Tuva, including Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Finance. Under his leadership, several constitutions were developed, and the Tuvan Revolutionary Youth League was established.
Religious and Educational Activities
[edit]Buyan-Badyrgy supported Buddhism and actively participated in the All-Tuva Congress of Lamas. He chaired the legislative commission, contributing to laws on marriage and family.
Family
[edit]Residing with his family in Dzun-Khemchik kozhuun until 1929, Buyan-Badyrgy adopted a daughter named Dembikey in 1910-1920.
Arrest and Death
[edit]Arrested in 1929, Buyan-Badyrgy faced accusations of "counter-revolutionary bandit-robbery" and involvement in the Khemchik uprising, leading to his execution in March 1932. Posthumously rehabilitated in 1994 (fully in 2007), his legacy endures as a significant figure in Tuva's history.
Memory
[edit]- In 2014, on the 100th anniversary of the city Kyzyl, the Buyan-Badyrgy monument was opened, which is located near the museum named after. Aldan-Maadyr (60 heroes).
- In several populated areas, the street of Buyan-Badyrgy is named after Republic of Tuva.
- In the city of Chadan Dzun-Khemchik kozhuun of the Republic of Tuva there is a local history museum named after. Buyan-Badyrgy[5].
- A hotel named Buyan-Badyrgy operates in Kyzyle.
- On June 14, 2012, the order “Buyan-Badyrgy” of three degrees was established in the Republic of Tyva.
Literature
[edit]- Nellie Hoz-ool Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy 2004
- "Mongush Borakhovich Kenin-Lopsana" Buyan-Badyrgy (2000)
- "Salimaa Khovalyg" Personality in history: Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (1892-1932) 2007
- Lamazhaa Ch.K. Generational approach to the history of Tuva of the 20th century 2007
- Sayda Saaya Development of relations between the Soviet Union and Tuva in 1921-1944. 2001
- The good name of Buyan-Badygra has been restored
- 117th anniversary of the birth of Mongusha Buyan Badyrgy[dead link]
- Participation of Buyan-Badyrgy in establishing relations with Tsarist Russia
References
[edit]- ^ Урянхайский край // «Историческая энциклопедия Сибири» (2009) [Uryankhayskiy Krai // "Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia" 2009]. irkipedia.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
- ^ Урянхайский край [Uryankhayskiy Krai]. megabook.ru (in Russian). Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
- ^ Dallin, David J. (1948). Soviet Russia and the Far East. Yale University Press. p. 87.
- ^ Paine, S.C.M. (1996). Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier. M.E. Sharpe. p. 329.
- ^ /M1321 "Chadan Museum named after. Buyan Badirgy". Archived from the original on 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
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