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User:Tiamut/Bayt Nuba

Coordinates: 31°51′12″N 35°1′57″E / 31.85333°N 35.03250°E / 31.85333; 35.03250
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Bayt Nuba
Bayt Nuba is located in State of Palestine
Bayt Nuba
Bayt Nuba
Coordinates: 31°51′12″N 35°1′57″E / 31.85333°N 35.03250°E / 31.85333; 35.03250

Bayt Nuba (Arabic: بيت نوبا) was a Palestinian Arab village, located halfway between Jerusalem and al-Ramla.[1] Historically identified with the biblical city of Nob mentioned in the Book of Samuel,[1] that association has been eschewed in modern times.[2] The village is mentioned in extrabiblical sources including the writings of 5th century Roman geographers, 12th century Crusaders and a Jewish traveller, a 13th century Syrian geographer, a 15th century Arab historian, and Western travellers in the 19th century. Depopulated by Israeli forces during the 1967 war, it was subsequently leveled by military engineers using controlled explosions, and the Israeli settlement of Mevo Horon was established on its lands in 1970.[3]

History

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In Eusebius of Caesarea's 5th century Onomasticon, the village is mentioned under the name Beth Annabam and is situated at a distance of 8 Roman miles from Lydda.[4] His contemporary, Jerome, identifies it as biblical Nob.[4]

During the Crusades, the fort of Castel Arnaud was founded at Beit Nuba by William of Tyre in 1132. The Crusaders also identified Beit Nuba with biblical Nob,[5] as did the 12th century Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela.[4] The village served as the forward position for Saladin's troops for their move towards Jerusalem in September 1187 and later for Richard the Lionheart and his troops who camped there in 1191 and 1192.[6]

Writing in the 13th century during the time of Mamluk rule over Palestine, Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Syrian geographer, noted of Bayt Nuba, that it was, "A small town in the neighbourhood of Filastin (Ar Ramlah)."[1] A road from Ramla to Jerusalem that passed through Bayt Nuba, al-Qubeiba, and Nabi Samwil was the preferred route for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land at the time.[7] On the maps produced by the Palestine Exploration Fund, the road, which stretches from al-Qubeiba to Jerusalem, is marked in the legend as a Roman road.

Mujir al-Din al-'Ulaymi (1496), the Jerusalemite qadi and Arab historian, discussed the village's name in the context of other villages beginning with the word Bayt ("House"). He noted that conventional wisdom among the locals of his time held that they are named for Hebrew Bible prophets that were thought to have resided there in antiquity. He also delineated the village as forming the westernmost limit of what was considered the area of Jerusalem at his time.[8]

The waqf custodian of the mosque in Bayt Nuba (and 'Allar) in 1810 was appointed by the Ottoman imperial authorities, and hailed from the Jerusalem family of notables, the Dajanis.[9] Victor Guérin (1868) noted the presence of a small mosque in the village named Djama Sidi Ahmed et-Tarfinù. At his time, Beit-Nouba was made up of about 400 inhabitants whose homes were constructed on a hill between two valleys. In large, modern buildings in the village could be seen traces of more ancient building materials incorporated therein and there are some ancient cisterns as well.[10] Edward Robinson and Eli Smith also visited Beit Nubah in the mid-19th century and identified it as the Nobe mentioned by Jerome and considered by some of their contemporaries to be Bethannaba.[11] In 1881 it was described as a "good-sized village on flat ground".[12]

At the time of the 1931 census in Mandate Palestine, Bayt Nuba had 226 occupied houses and a population of 944 Muslims.[13]

Map showing depopulated and destroyed Palestinian villages in the Latrun area, and the Israeli settlement of Mevo Horon and Canada Park, established after Israel's occupation of the area in the wake of the 1967 war

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the village was garrisoned by the Arab Legion to defend the Latrun salient. Located 2 miles (3.2 km) behind the front line, it was subject to a skirmish attack launched by Israeli forces in Operation Yoram on the night of June 8, 1948.[14]

The 1949 armistice line fell just a few kilometers to the south and west of villages in the Latrun salient and with a dispute between Israel and Jordan over where it lay exactly, much of the area surrounding Bayt Nuba was declared no man's land, resulting in social and economic separation from the surrounding areas. Residents of Bayt Nuba and other Latrun villages were granted Jordanian citizenship following Jordan's annexation of the West Bank in 1950. Many were prompted many to leave the area to seek livelihoods in Jordan, the Gulf, South America or elsewhere due to violence between villagers and Israeli troops and the loss of access to farmlands.[15]

The Latrun area was csptured by Israeli troops in the first few hours of the 1967 war and the next night, orders were broadcast by Israeli military jeeps to villagers in Bayt Nuba, Yalo, and Imwas to leave their homes, resulting in some 12,000 people leaving in the space of a few hours. With the war's completion, a radio announcement from the military said villagers in the West Bank who had vacated their homes should return; however, the villagers of Bayt Nuba and the others from the Latrun area were forbidden from doing so as most of the area was declared a closed military zone. Those who tried to return were stopped at checkpoints where some were shot. The built up area of Bayt Nuba was destroyed in military engineered explosions after the war's end, an act witnessed by some of the former residents who had fled nearby hills .[15]

Part of the farmlands of Bayt Nuba lay outside the closed military zone and some refugees from the village rented homes in nearby Bayt Hajjar to continue farming those lands.[15] The settlement of Mevo Horon was built on the lands of Bayt Nuba in 1970.[16]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Le Strange, p. 415.
  2. ^ Boaz Zissu (2012). "Excavations near Nahmanides Cave in Jerusalem and the question of the identification of Biblical Nob". Israel Exploration Journal. 62: 54–70.
  3. ^ Al-Haq Legal Brief
  4. ^ a b c Survey of Western Palestine III, p. 14.
  5. ^ Stubbs, ed., 1864, p. lxxxvii.
  6. ^ Pringle, 1998, pp. 168, 224, 337.
  7. ^ Pringle, 1998, p. 168.
  8. ^ Sauvaire, ed., 1876, pp. 202, 230.
  9. ^ Kushner, 1986, p. 111.
  10. ^ Guérin, 1868,p. 286.
  11. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1856, p. 145.
  12. ^ Conder and Kitchener 1881, p. 13
  13. ^ E. Mills, ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. p. 18.
  14. ^ Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the Arab-Israeli War, 2008, pp. 239-240.
  15. ^ a b c Kelly, 2009, pp. 29-32
  16. ^ Al-Haq Legal Brief

Bibliography

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