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Florida Panhandle

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  • Other:
  • The Highway Traveler, 1955. - earliest mention of "Miracle Strip":
    • Northwest Florida: Here a famous white sand beach known as the Miracle Strip curves around the blue waters of the Gulf of Mexico for over 100 miles. See Pensacola where history dates back to the DeLuna settlement of 1559 . . . .
  • 1970 tourist ads with stylized map in Life and the New Yorker divide the Panhandle into the Miracle Strip and the Big Bend.
  • Miracle Strip Parkway - 1965 Legislature - "designating certain portions of US 98 in Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton and Bay counties as "The Miracle Strip Parkway"


  • Redneck Riviera:
  • Newsweek, date not shown, 1979 - article about football player Ken Stabler:
    • Padecky, who was in Miami, rented a car and drove to Stabler's hometown of Gulf Shores, Ala. - a tiny resort that is known as "Redneck Riviera."
  • Film Bulletin, Vol. 49, 1980. - Description of Hollywood films planned or in production (including Meryl Streep in what became known as Silkwood), includes "Redneck Riviera, a modern day comedy-drama being scripted by James Carabatsos and based on a magazine article by Geoffrey Norman."
  • Hemphill, Paul. Too Old to Cry. 1981. - snippet view.
    • Fast Freddie and Herman spent two months this winter drinking beer and riding Ferris wheels at the Florida resort in Panama City everybody calls the "Redneck Riviera."
  • McGuane, Thomas. Nobody's Angel." Random House, 1981, p. 50. - "Padre Island is kind of a redneck Riviera."
  • McGarry, Betty. Snowbirds' Guide to Florida Retirement. Pineapple Press, 1984, p. 4.
    • The beautiful coast from Pensacola to Panama City, once dubbed the "Redneck Riviera," is being built up so fast that building cranes dominate the skyline.'
  • The Florida Handbook, Peninsular Publishing, 1985. - snippet view.
    • A roving newsman, Claude Jenkins, first used the name, "Miracle Strip," in the DeFuniak Springs weekly The Breeze, after having been struck by the beauty of the coast after topping a hill in Walton County where U. S. 98 runs along the Gulf of Mexico. The Miracle Strip is regarded as being the area of coast between Panama City Beach and Fort Walton Beach. It also has been called the "Emerald Coast," but the very informal tag of "Redneck Riviera" has persisted among those who delight in its atmosphere.
  • Air Force Magazine, United States Air Force, Volume 68, 1985. -
    • As we make the approach, the private lightning is replaced by the glittering lights of Panama City Beach, first stop on the "Redneck Riviera" that stretches from Panama City to Biloxi, from Tyndall to Keesler.
  • Canis, Wayne F. Living with the Alabama-Mississippi Shore. Duke University Press, 1985, p. 6.
    • Gulf Shores - Perdido Key is affectionately known as the "Redneck Riviera," again with a Mediterranean connotation, and the Riviera theme is widespread. A boast of the "world's whitest beaches" also is good advertising copy.

Women's education

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Year Total enrollment Percentage of women
1870 52,286 21.3
1880 115,817 32.7
1890 156,756 35.9
1900 237,592 35.9
1910 355,213 39.6
1920 597,880 47.3
1930 1,100,737 43.7
1940 1,494,203 40.2
1950 2,659,021 30.3
1960 3,639,847 35.9
1970 8,004,660 40.7
1980 11,569,899 50.9
1990 13,538,560 54.3
1997 14,367,530 55.6

Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education / Women's Degree Attainment

Year Total enrollment Percentage of women Associate degree (percent earned by women) Bachelor's degree (percent earned by women) Master's degree (percent earned by women) Doctorate (percent earned by women) First professional degree (percent earned by women)
1870 52,286 21.3 -- 14.7 -- 0 --
1880 115,817 32.7 -- -- -- -- --
1890 156,756 35.9 -- -- -- -- --
1900 237,592 35.9 -- 19.1 19.1 1.3 --
1910 355,213 39.6 -- 22.7 26.4 9.9 --
1920 597,880 47.3 -- 34.2 30.2 15.1 --
1930 1,100,737 43.7 -- 39.9 40.4 15.4 --
1940 1,494,203 40.2 -- 31.3 38.2 13.0 --
1950 2,659,021 30.3 -- 23.9 29.2 9.6 --
1960 3,639,847 35.9 -- 35.3 31.6 10.5 --
1970 8,004,660 40.7 43.0 43.1 39.7 13.3 5.3
1980 11,569,899 50.9 54.2 49.0 49.4 29.7 24.8
1990 13,538,560 54.3 58.0 53.2 52.6 36.4 38.1
1997 14,367,530 55.6 Example Example Example Example Example

Encyclopedia of women and gender: sex similarities and differences ..., Volume 1 By Judith Worell pp. 18-20; data from U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Statistics, 1997 and 1999.

SAL map, revised

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SAL main lines circa 1950

Revised by me, 8/31/10, based on suggestions by bamse at [[1]].

IGRA table

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Year / Rodeos Held Convention President Mr. IGRA Ms. IGRA Miss IGRA (male-to-female drag) MsTer IGRA (female-to-male drag) Finals Rodeo Grand Marshals
1985 Denver Wayne Jakino, CGRA -- -- -- -- --
1986 / 5 Denver Wayne Jakino Gary Oliver, CGRA Jeannie Nelson, CGRA Fritz Capone (Jim Freeman), OGRA -- -- --
1987 / 6 Albuquerque Les Krambeal, OGRA Tony Lazano, TGRA Dee Godwin, OGRA Misty Michaels (Steve Rogers), KGRA -- San Francisco Shanti Project
1988 / 7 Fort Worth Les Krambeal -- -- -- -- Reno (see note below) Lynn Copeland & Wayne Jakino
1989 / 7 Albuquerque Gerald Ford, TGRA Jerry Hubbard, GSGRA Connie Clovis, KGRA Magnolia Spirits (Buddy Sojourner), CGRA -- Phoenix Ed Buck
1990 / 7 Wichita Linn Copeland, KGRA Larry Brumley, OGRA Laura O'Neill, CGRA Moosala (Mark Church), AGRA -- Phoenix Katie Southwick
1991 / 10 Albuquerque Bob Pimentel, NMGRA Scott Burleson, MGRA Linda Sullo, GSGRA Hollie Woods (David Anaya), AGRA -- Wichita The Names Project
1992 / 13 St. Paul Bob Pimentel Jim Carter, OGRA RC Cuellar, CGRA Roxie Heart (John Kingston), KGRA -- Phoenix Wayne Jakino
1993 / 16 Billings Roger Bergmann, GSGRA Ron Neff, CGRA Dee Zuspann, KGRA Chili Pepper (Tony Valdez), TGRA -- Fort Worth Gerald Ford
1994 / 21 Little Rock Roger Bergmann J.R. Duran, NMGRA Joanne Bawiec, ASGRA Miss Tessie (Tim Smith), SEGRA -- Denver Greg Olson
1995 / 22 Chicago Roger Bergmann Mark Burdine, NMGRA Desiree Gronwald, CGRA DeShannon (Mitch Gill), TGRA -- Denver Roger Bergmann
1996 / 20 Omaha Tom Vance, NSGRA Michael Vrooman, CGRA Shugar Vigil, NMGRA Naomi La'Rell (Quentin Sims), CGRA -- Albuquerque Connie Lee
1997 / 18 Salt Lake City Tom Vance Tommy Channel, CGRA Sherry Reedy, AGRA Tori Hart (Rohn Roldan), CGRA -- Phoenix Tom Vance
1998 / 20 Baltimore Linda Frazier, KGRA Kurt McGregor, AGRA Tamara Marks, MIGRA Beverly DeMarco (Anthony D.), NMGRA -- Phoenix Glenn Gore
1999 / 19 Long Beach Linda Frazier Douglas Graff, GSGRA Laura Scott, NGRA DeShannon (Mitch Gill), NGRA -- Little Rock Ron Trusley
2000 / 17 Las Vegas Craig Allen Rouse, GSGRA Daniel Lusk, ASGRA Lonni LaBel, ASGRA Harley Quinn (Michael Vrooman), ILGRA -- Albuquerque Thom Sloan
2001 / 17 Long Beach Craig Allen Rouse Michael Cunningham, ILGRA Erin Leavey, SEGRA Victoria London (Scott Tickler), AGRA -- Palm Springs Jose Sarria, aka "The Widow Norton"
2002 / 19 Cleveland Craig Allen Rouse Mark Larson, NSGRA Lize MacDonald, NGRA Bianca St John (Kenny Cunitz), CGRA -- Wichita Fritz Capone
2003 / 19 Phoenix Craig Allen Rouse David Westman, CGRA Mary Munger, CGRA Jada McRae (Jay Carlson), ILGRA -- Tulsa Patrick Terry
2004 / 20 Denver Craig Allen Rouse Eric Hanson, GSGRA Julie Brown, DSRA Mandy Barbarell (Andrew Goodman), MGRA -- Omaha Tamara Marks
2005 / 20 Calgary Brian Helander, AGRA Ken Pool, CGRA Gaylia Young, AGRA Pussy LeHoot (Kevin McSweeny), AGRA -- Dallas James Ramey
2006 / 20 Nashville Brian Helander Steve Wollert, GSGRA Kimberley Kay, CGRA Jymmye Jaymes (James Young), ASGRA -- Reno Keith Ann, Mitch Gill
2007 / 18 Kansas City Brian Helander Clyde Mitter, CGRA -- Destiny B. Childs (Ric Legg), ASGRA -- Denver Wayne Jakino
2008 / 20 New Orleans Brian Helander Gary Rushton, AGRA Janet Jenkins, CGRA -- -- Denver John King
2009 / 16 Toronto Brian Helander Wade Earp, TGRA Sharon Starks, AGRA Aspen Vail, (Steve Sublett) CGRA Rocket Coxx, (Jamie Light) CGRA Albuquerque Lorrie Murphy
2010 / 17 Reno Brian Helander Roger Courtemanche, CGRA -- Ionna Doublewide, AGRA -- Lauglin, NV

--

2011 / 15 San Diego Doug Graff, NGRA Michael Butts, AGRA Sharon Starks, AGRA Kimberli Foxx, NGRA -- Fort Worth --


Note: In 1988, "A contract with a private ranch sixty miles east of Reno was made void when the local homophobic District Attorney filed an injunction two days before the rodeo in order to stop the event. Two days in court as well as a trip to the Nevada Supreme Court failed to overturn the injunction," according to the IGRA website. As a result, no finals were held that year.