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For senators and representatives who represented defunct parties or switched parties intra-term, only their latest party while in office is reflected. Most states, due to not having long-running deans until the 1900s, have tables only starting from that decade.

Guidelines

[edit]

Checklist

[edit]
  • Check all dates (Congress sessions, individual terms, deanships, ayds)
  • Check seniority (shared seniority, alphabetical precedence, combined House and Senate tenures, causes of departure)
  • Check numbered seniority (if death caused seniority to go up independent of list number)

Seniority criteria

[edit]
  • Number of consecutive terms (for speed, use seniority date)
  • Number of past, non-consecutive terms
  • Alphabetical order of surname (if more than two people fulfill same seniority after above criteria, use individual with earliest surname in alphabet)
  • For Representatives elected to fill vacancy, seniority is calculated from date of special election. Column-wise (Congress), at-large representatives use the date they were sworn in.

BLANK

[edit]
Senior members of -- congressional delegation
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
1st March 4, 1789
March 4, 1791
2nd March 4, 1791
March 4, 1793
3rd March 4, 1793
March 4, 1795
4th March 4, 1795
March 4, 1797
5th March 4, 1797
March 4, 1799
6th March 4, 1799
March 4, 1801
7th March 4, 1801
March 4, 1803
8th March 4, 1803
March 4, 1805
9th March 4, 1805
March 4, 1807
10th March 4, 1807
March 4, 1809
11th March 4, 1809
March 4, 1811
12th March 4, 1811
March 4, 1813
13th March 4, 1813
March 4, 1815
14th March 4, 1815
March 4, 1817
15th March 4, 1817
March 4, 1819
16th March 4, 1819
March 4, 1821
17th March 4, 1821
March 4, 1823
18th March 4, 1823
March 4, 1825
19th March 4, 1825
March 4, 1827
20th March 4, 1827
March 4, 1829
21st March 4, 1829
March 4, 1831
22nd March 4, 1831
March 4, 1833
23rd March 4, 1833
March 4, 1835
24th March 4, 1835
March 4, 1837
25th March 4, 1837
March 4, 1839
26th March 4, 1839
March 4, 1841
27th March 4, 1841
March 4, 1843
28th March 4, 1843
March 4, 1845
29th March 4, 1845
March 4, 1847
30th March 4, 1847
March 4, 1849
31st March 4, 1849
March 4, 1851
32nd March 4, 1851
March 4, 1853
33rd March 4, 1853
March 4, 1855
34th March 4, 1855
March 4, 1857
35th March 4, 1857
March 4, 1859
36th March 4, 1859
March 4, 1861
37th March 4, 1861
March 4, 1863
38th March 4, 1863
March 4, 1865
39th March 4, 1865
March 4, 1867
40th March 4, 1867
March 4, 1869
41st March 4, 1869
March 4, 1871
42nd March 4, 1871
March 4, 1873
43rd March 4, 1873
March 4, 1875
44th March 4, 1875
March 4, 1877
45th March 4, 1877
March 4, 1879
46th March 4, 1879
March 4, 1881
47th March 4, 1881
March 4, 1883
48th March 4, 1883
March 4, 1885
49th March 4, 1885
March 4, 1887
50th March 4, 1887
March 4, 1889
51st March 4, 1889
March 4, 1891
52nd March 4, 1891
March 4, 1893
53rd March 4, 1893
March 4, 1895
54th March 4, 1895
March 4, 1897
55th March 4, 1897
March 4, 1899
56th March 4, 1899
March 4, 1901
57th March 4, 1901
March 4, 1903
58th March 4, 1903
March 4, 1905
59th March 4, 1905
March 4, 1907
60th March 4, 1907
March 4, 1909
61st March 4, 1909
March 4, 1911
62nd March 4, 1911
March 4, 1913
63rd March 4, 1913
March 4, 1915
64th March 4, 1915
March 4, 1917
65th March 4, 1917
March 4, 1919
66th March 4, 1919
March 4, 1921
67th March 4, 1921
March 4, 1923
68th March 4, 1923
March 4, 1925
69th March 4, 1925
March 4, 1927
70th March 4, 1927
March 4, 1929
71st March 4, 1929
March 4, 1931
72nd March 4, 1931
March 4, 1933
73rd March 4, 1933
January 3, 1935
74th January 3, 1935
January 3, 1937
75th January 3, 1937
January 3, 1939
76th January 3, 1939
January 3, 1941
77th January 3, 1941
January 3, 1943
78th January 3, 1943
January 3, 1945
79th January 3, 1945
January 3, 1947
80th January 3, 1947
January 3, 1949
81st January 3, 1949
January 3, 1951
82nd January 3, 1951
January 3, 1953
83rd January 3, 1953
January 3, 1955
84th January 3, 1955
January 3, 1957
85th January 3, 1957
January 3, 1959
86th January 3, 1959
January 3, 1961
87th January 3, 1961
January 3, 1963
88th January 3, 1963
January 3, 1965
89th January 3, 1965
January 3, 1967
90th January 3, 1967
January 3, 1969
91st January 3, 1969
January 3, 1971
92nd January 3, 1971
January 3, 1973
93rd January 3, 1973
January 3, 1975
94th January 3, 1975
January 3, 1977
95th January 3, 1977
January 3, 1979
96th January 3, 1979
January 3, 1981
97th January 3, 1981
January 3, 1983
98th January 3, 1983
January 3, 1985
99th January 3, 1985
January 3, 1987
100th January 3, 1987
January 3, 1989
101st January 3, 1989
January 3, 1991
102nd January 3, 1991
January 3, 1993
103rd January 3, 1993
January 3, 1995
104th January 3, 1995
January 3, 1997
105th January 3, 1997
January 3, 1999
106th January 3, 1999
January 3, 2001
107th January 3, 2001
January 3, 2003
108th January 3, 2003
January 3, 2005
109th January 3, 2005
January 3, 2007
110th January 3, 2007
January 3, 2009
111th January 3, 2009
January 3, 2011
112th January 3, 2011
January 3, 2013
113th January 3, 2013
January 3, 2015
114th January 3, 2015
January 3, 2017
115th January 3, 2017
January 3, 2019
116th January 3, 2019
January 3, 2021
117th January 3, 2021
January 3, 2023
118th January 3, 2023
January 3, 2025
119th January 3, 2025
present
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)

Montana

[edit]
Senior members of Montana's congressional delegation (1913–present)
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
63rd March 4, 1913
March 4, 1915

Henry L. Myers
Seniority from March 4, 1911
(11 years, 364 days)
(retired)
Myers
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1911
(11 years, 364 days)

No clear dean[a][b]
64th March 4, 1915
March 4, 1917
65th March 4, 1917
March 4, 1919

John M. Evans
Seniority from March 4, 1913
(7 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)[1]
66th March 4, 1919
March 4, 1921
67th March 4, 1921
March 4, 1923

Thomas J. Walsh
Seniority from March 4, 1913
(19 years, 304 days)
(died)
Walsh
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1913
(19 years, 304 days)


Carl W. Riddick
Seniority from March 4, 1919
(3 years, 364 days)
(ran for Senate)
68th March 4, 1923
March 4, 1925

John M. Evans[A]
Seniority from March 4, 1923[c]
(9 years, 364 days)
(lost renomination)[1]
69th March 4, 1925
March 4, 1927
70th March 4, 1927
March 4, 1929
71st March 4, 1929
March 4, 1931
72nd March 4, 1931
March 2, 1933
March 2, 1933
March 4, 1933

Burton K. Wheeler
Seniority from March 4, 1923
(23 years, 305 days)
(lost renomination)
Evans
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1923[c]
(9 years, 364 days)

73rd March 4, 1933
January 3, 1935
Wheeler
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1923
(23 years, 305 days)

No clear dean[a][d]
74th January 3, 1935
January 3, 1937
75th January 3, 1937
January 3, 1939
76th January 3, 1939
January 3, 1941

James F. O'Connor
Seniority from January 3, 1937
(8 years, 12 days)
(died)
77th January 3, 1941
January 3, 1943
78th January 3, 1943
January 3, 1945
79th January 3, 1945
January 15, 1945
January 15, 1945
January 3, 1947

Mike Mansfield
Seniority from January 3, 1943
(10 years, 0 days)
(elected to Senate)
80th January 3, 1947
January 3, 1949

James E. Murray
Seniority from November 7, 1934[e]
(26 years, 57 days)
(retired)
Murray
(Senate)

Seniority from November 7, 1934
(26 years, 57 days)

81st January 3, 1949
January 3, 1951
82nd January 3, 1951
January 3, 1953
83rd January 3, 1953
January 3, 1955

Wesley A. D'Ewart
Seniority from June 5, 1945[f]
(9 years, 212 days)
(ran for Senate)
84th January 3, 1955
January 3, 1957

Lee Metcalf
Seniority from January 3, 1953
(8 years, 0 days)
(elected to Senate)
85th January 3, 1957
January 3, 1959
86th January 3, 1959
January 3, 1961
87th January 3, 1961
January 3, 1963

Mike Mansfield[B][C]
Seniority from January 3, 1953
(24 years, 0 days)
(retired)
Mansfield
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1943
(34 years, 0 days)

No clear dean[a][g]
88th January 3, 1963
January 3, 1965
89th January 3, 1965
January 3, 1967
90th January 3, 1967
January 3, 1969
91st January 3, 1969
February 27, 1969
February 27, 1969
January 3, 1971

Arnold Olsen
Seniority from January 3, 1961
(10 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
92nd January 3, 1971
January 3, 1973

John Melcher
Seniority from June 24, 1969[f]
(7 years, 193 days)
(elected to Senate)
93rd January 3, 1973
January 3, 1975
94th January 3, 1975
January 3, 1977
95th January 3, 1977
January 12, 1978

Lee Metcalf[C]
Seniority from January 3, 1961
(17 years, 9 days)
(died)
Metcalf
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1953
(25 years, 9 days)


Max Baucus
Seniority from January 3, 1975
(3 years, 345 days)
(appointed to Senate)
January 12, 1978
December 14, 1978

John Melcher[C]
Seniority from January 3, 1977
(12 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
Melcher
(House and Senate)

Seniority from June 24, 1969[f]
(19 years, 193 days)

December 14, 1978
January 3, 1979

Ron Marlenee
Seniority from January 3, 1977
(16 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
96th January 3, 1979
January 3, 1981
97th January 3, 1981
January 3, 1983
98th January 3, 1983
January 3, 1985
99th January 3, 1985
January 3, 1987
100th January 3, 1987
January 3, 1989
101st January 3, 1989
January 3, 1991

Max Baucus[C]
Seniority from December 15, 1978[h]
(35 years, 53 days)
(appointed Ambassador to China)
Baucus
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1975
(39 years, 34 days)

102nd January 3, 1991
January 3, 1993
103rd January 3, 1993
January 3, 1995

Pat Williams[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1979
(18 years, 0 days)
(retired)
104th January 3, 1995
January 3, 1997
105th January 3, 1997
January 3, 1999

Rick Hill[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1997
(4 years, 0 days)
(retired)
106th January 3, 1999
January 3, 2001
107th January 3, 2001
January 3, 2003

Denny Rehberg[D]
Seniority from January 3, 2001
(12 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)
108th January 3, 2003
January 3, 2005
109th January 3, 2005
January 3, 2007
110th January 3, 2007
January 3, 2009
111th January 3, 2009
January 3, 2011
112th January 3, 2011
January 3, 2013
113th January 3, 2013
February 6, 2014

Steve Daines[D]
Seniority from January 3, 2013
(2 years, 0 days)
(elected to Senate)
February 6, 2014
January 3, 2015

Jon Tester
Seniority from January 3, 2007
(18 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
Tester
(Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 2007
(18 years, 0 days)

114th January 3, 2015
January 3, 2017

Ryan Zinke[D]
Seniority from January 3, 2015
(2 years, 57 days)
(appointed Secretary of the
Interior
)
115th January 3, 2017
March 1, 2017
March 1, 2017
June 21, 2017
Vacant
June 21, 2017
January 3, 2019

Greg Gianforte[D]
Seniority from May 25, 2017[f]
(3 years, 223 days)
(elected Montana governor)
116th January 3, 2019
January 3, 2021
117th January 3, 2021
January 3, 2023

Matt Rosendale[E]
Seniority from January 3, 2021
(4 years, 0 days)
(retired)
118th January 3, 2023
January 3, 2025
119th January 3, 2025
present

Steve Daines[C]
Seniority from January 3, 2015
(9 years, 314 days)
(Incumbent)
Daines
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 2013
(11 years, 314 days)


Ryan Zinke[A]
Seniority from January 3, 2023
(1 year, 314 days)
(Incumbent)
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)

Nebraska

[edit]
Senior members of Nebraska's congressional delegation (1897–present)
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
55th March 4, 1897
March 4, 1899

William V. Allen
Seniority from March 4, 1893
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
Co-deans:
Allen (Senate)
Mercer (House)

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(5 years, 364 days)


David H. Mercer
Seniority from March 4, 1893
(9 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
56th March 4, 1899
March 4, 1901

John M. Thurston
Seniority from March 4, 1895
(5 years, 364 days)
(retired)
Mercer
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(9 years, 364 days)

57th March 4, 1901
March 28, 1901

William V. Allen[F]
Seniority from December 13, 1899[h]
(1 year, 105 days)
(lost election to finish
term
)
March 28, 1901
March 4, 1903

Joseph Millard
Seniority from March 28, 1901[i][j]
(5 years, 340 days)
(retired)
58th March 4, 1903
March 4, 1905
Burkett
(House and Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1899
(11 years, 364 days)


Elmer Burkett
Seniority from March 4, 1899
(5 years, 364 days)
(elected to Senate)
59th March 4, 1905
March 4, 1907

Edmund H. Hinshaw
Seniority from March 4, 1903[k]
(7 years, 364 days)
(retired)
60th March 4, 1907
March 4, 1909

Elmer Burkett[C]
Seniority from March 4, 1905
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost renomination)[3]
61st March 4, 1909
March 4, 1911
62nd March 4, 1911
March 4, 1913

Norris Brown
Seniority from March 4, 1907
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost renomination)[4]
Co-deans:
Norris[G] (House and Senate)
Kinkaid (House)

Seniority from March 4, 1903
(19 years, 124 days)

Co-deans:

Moses Kinkaid,
George W. Norris

Seniority from March 4, 1903
(9 years, 364 days)
(Norris elected to Senate)
63rd March 4, 1913
March 4, 1915

Gilbert Hitchcock[C]
Seniority from March 4, 1911
(11 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)

Moses Kinkaid
Seniority from March 4, 1903
(19 years, 124 days)
(died)
64th March 4, 1915
March 4, 1917
65th March 4, 1917
March 4, 1919
66th March 4, 1919
March 4, 1921
67th March 4, 1921
July 6, 1922
July 6, 1922
March 4, 1923
Norris
(House and Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1903
(39 years, 305 days)


William E. Andrews[H]
Seniority from March 4, 1919[c]
(3 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
68th March 4, 1923
March 4, 1925

George W. Norris[I][C]
Seniority from March 4, 1913
(29 years, 305 days)
(lost re-election)

Melvin O. McLaughlin
Seniority from March 4, 1919
(7 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
69th March 4, 1925
March 4, 1927
70th March 4, 1927
March 4, 1929

Ashton C. Shallenberger[H]
Seniority from March 4, 1923[c]
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
71st March 4, 1929
March 4, 1931

Edgar Howard
Seniority from March 4, 1923[k]
(9 years, 364 days)
(co-dean after Simmons retired)
72nd March 4, 1931
March 4, 1933
73rd March 4, 1933
January 3, 1935
Co-deans:

Edgar Howard,
John H. Morehead

Seniority from March 4, 1923
(11 years, 305 days)
(Howard lost re-election,
Morehead retired)
74th January 3, 1935
January 3, 1937
No clear dean[a]
75th January 3, 1937
January 3, 1939
76th January 3, 1939
January 3, 1941

Harry B. Coffee
Seniority from January 3, 1935[k]
(8 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)[5]
77th January 3, 1941
January 3, 1943
78th January 3, 1943
January 3, 1945

Hugh A. Butler
Seniority from January 3, 1941
(13 years, 179 days)
(died)
Stefan
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1935
(16 years, 272 days)


Karl Stefan
Seniority from January 3, 1935
(16 years, 272 days)
(died)
79th January 3, 1945
January 3, 1947
80th January 3, 1947
January 3, 1949
81st January 3, 1949
January 3, 1951
82nd January 3, 1951
October 2, 1951
October 2, 1951
January 3, 1953
Curtis
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1939
(40 years, 0 days)


Carl Curtis
Seniority from January 3, 1939
(15 years, 362 days)
(appointed to Senate)
83rd January 3, 1953
July 1, 1954
July 1, 1954
November 8, 1954

Eva Bowring
Seniority from April 16, 1954[h]
(206 days)
(successor elected)
November 8, 1954
December 31, 1954

Roman Hruska[C]
Seniority from November 8, 1954[e][l]
(22 years, 49 days)
(resigned)
December 31, 1954
January 3, 1955

Arthur L. Miller
Seniority from January 3, 1943
(16 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
84th January 3, 1955
January 3, 1957
85th January 3, 1957
January 3, 1959
86th January 3, 1959
January 3, 1961

Phil Weaver
Seniority from January 3, 1955
(8 years, 0 days)
(lost renomination)
87th January 3, 1961
January 3, 1963
88th January 3, 1963
January 3, 1965

Glenn Cunningham
Seniority from January 3, 1959
(12 years, 0 days)
(lost renomination)
89th January 3, 1965
January 3, 1967
90th January 3, 1967
January 3, 1969
91st January 3, 1969
January 3, 1971
92nd January 3, 1971
January 3, 1973

David Martin
Seniority from January 3, 1961
(13 years, 362 days)
(resigned)
93rd January 3, 1973
December 31, 1974
December 31, 1974
January 3, 1975
Co-deans:

John Y. McCollister,
Charles Thone

Seniority from January 3, 1971
(6 years, 0 days)
(McCollister ran for Senate)
94th January 3, 1975
December 27, 1976
December 27, 1976
January 3, 1977

Carl Curtis[C]
Seniority from January 1, 1955[h]
(24 years, 2 days)
(retired)
95th January 3, 1977
January 3, 1979

Charles Thone
Seniority from January 3, 1971
(8 years, 0 days)
(elected Nebraska governor)
96th January 3, 1979
January 3, 1981

Edward Zorinsky
Seniority from December 27, 1976[h]
(10 years, 69 days)
(died)
V. Smith
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1975
(16 years, 0 days)


Virginia D. Smith
Seniority from January 3, 1975
(16 years, 0 days)
(retired)
97th January 3, 1981
January 3, 1983
98th January 3, 1983
January 3, 1985
99th January 3, 1985
January 3, 1987
100th January 3, 1987
March 6, 1987
March 6, 1987
January 3, 1989

J. James Exon
Seniority from January 3, 1979
(18 years, 0 days)
(retired)
101st January 3, 1989
January 3, 1991
102nd January 3, 1991
January 3, 1993
Co-deans:
Exon (Senate)
Bereuter (House)

Seniority from January 3, 1979
(18 years, 0 days)


Doug Bereuter
Seniority from January 3, 1979
(25 years, 241 days)
(resigned)
103rd January 3, 1993
January 3, 1995
104th January 3, 1995
January 3, 1997
105th January 3, 1997
January 3, 1999

Bob Kerrey
Seniority from January 3, 1989
(12 years, 0 days)
(retired)
Bereuter
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1979
(25 years, 241 days)

106th January 3, 1999
January 3, 2001
107th January 3, 2001
January 3, 2003

Chuck Hagel
Seniority from January 3, 1997
(12 years, 0 days)
(retired)
108th January 3, 2003
August 31, 2004
August 31, 2004
January 3, 2005
Hagel
(Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1997
(12 years, 0 days)


Lee Terry
Seniority from January 3, 1999
(16 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
109th January 3, 2005
January 3, 2007
110th January 3, 2007
January 3, 2009
111th January 3, 2009
January 3, 2011

Ben Nelson
Seniority from January 3, 2001
(12 years, 0 days)
(retired)
Terry
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1999
(16 years, 0 days)

112th January 3, 2011
January 3, 2013
113th January 3, 2013
January 3, 2015

Mike Johanns
Seniority from January 3, 2009
(6 years, 0 days)
(retired)
114th January 3, 2015
January 3, 2017

Deb Fischer
Seniority from January 3, 2013
(11 years, 314 days)
(Incumbent)
Fortenberry
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 2005
(17 years, 87 days)


Jeff Fortenberry
Seniority from January 3, 2005
(17 years, 87 days)
(resigned)
115th January 3, 2017
January 3, 2019
116th January 3, 2019
January 3, 2021
117th January 3, 2021
March 31, 2022
March 31, 2022
January 3, 2023
A. Smith
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 2007
(17 years, 314 days)


Adrian Smith
Seniority from January 3, 2007
(17 years, 314 days)
(Incumbent)
118th January 3, 2023
January 3, 2025
119th January 3, 2025
present
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)

Nevada

[edit]
Senior members of Nevada's congressional delegation (1893–present)
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
53rd March 4, 1893
March 4, 1895

John P. Jones[J]
Seniority from March 4, 1873
(29 years, 364 days)
(retired)
Jones
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1873
(29 years, 364 days)


Francis G. Newlands[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1893
(9 years, 364 days)
(elected to Senate)
54th March 4, 1895
March 4, 1897
55th March 4, 1897
March 4, 1899
56th March 4, 1899
March 4, 1901
57th March 4, 1901
March 4, 1903
58th March 4, 1903
March 4, 1905

William M. Stewart[K]
Seniority from March 4, 1887
(17 years, 364 days)
(retired)
Stewart
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1887
(17 years, 364 days)


Clarence D. Van Duzer[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1903
(3 years, 364 days)
(retired)
59th March 4, 1905
March 4, 1907

Francis G. Newlands[C]
Seniority from March 4, 1903
(14 years, 295 days)
(died)
Newlands
(House and Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(24 years, 295 days)

60th March 4, 1907
March 4, 1909

George A. Bartlett[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1907
(3 years, 364 days)
(retired)
61st March 4, 1909
March 4, 1911
62nd March 4, 1911
March 4, 1913

Edwin E. Roberts[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1911
(7 years, 364 days)
(ran for Senate)[6]
63rd March 4, 1913
March 4, 1915
64th March 4, 1915
March 4, 1917
65th March 4, 1917
December 24, 1917
December 24, 1917
March 4, 1919

Key Pittman[L]
Seniority from January 28, 1913[m][7][8]
(27 years, 287 days)
(died)
Roberts
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1911
(7 years, 364 days)

66th March 4, 1919
March 4, 1921
Pittman
(Senate)

Seniority from January 28, 1913
(27 years, 287 days)


Charles R. Evans[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1919
(1 year, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
67th March 4, 1921
March 4, 1923

Samuel S. Arentz[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1921
(1 year, 364 days)
(ran for Senate)[9]
68th March 4, 1923
March 4, 1925

Charles L. Richards[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1923
(1 year, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
69th March 4, 1925
March 4, 1927

Samuel S. Arentz[A][D]
Seniority from March 4, 1925
(7 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)[10]
70th March 4, 1927
March 4, 1929
71st March 4, 1929
March 4, 1931
72nd March 4, 1931
March 4, 1933
73rd March 4, 1933
January 3, 1935

James G. Scrugham[D]
Seniority from March 4, 1933
(9 years, 278 days)
(elected to Senate)[11]
74th January 3, 1935
January 3, 1937
75th January 3, 1937
January 3, 1939
76th January 3, 1939
November 10, 1940
November 10, 1940
January 3, 1941

Pat McCarran
Seniority from March 4, 1933
(21 years, 208 days)
(died)
Co-deans:
McCarran (Senate)
Scrugham[G] (House and Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1933
(12 years, 111 days)

77th January 3, 1941
December 7, 1942
December 7, 1942
January 3, 1943
Vacant
78th January 3, 1943
January 3, 1945

Maurice J. Sullivan[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1943
(2 years, 0 days)
(lost renomination)[12]
79th January 3, 1945
June 23, 1945

Berkeley L. Bunker[M][D]
Seniority from January 3, 1945
(2 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)
June 23, 1945
January 3, 1947
McCarran
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1933
(21 years, 208 days)

80th January 3, 1947
January 3, 1949

Charles H. Russell[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1947
(2 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
81st January 3, 1949
January 3, 1951

Walter S. Baring Jr.[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1949
(4 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
82nd January 3, 1951
January 3, 1953
83rd January 3, 1953
September 28, 1954

C. Clifton Young[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1953
(4 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)
September 28, 1954
January 3, 1955

George W. Malone
Seniority from January 3, 1947
(12 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
Malone
(Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1947
(12 years, 0 days)

84th January 3, 1955
January 3, 1957
85th January 3, 1957
January 3, 1959

Walter S. Baring Jr.[A][D]
Seniority from January 3, 1957
(16 years, 0 days)
(lost renomination)[13]
86th January 3, 1959
January 3, 1961

Alan Bible
Seniority from December 2, 1954[e]
(20 years, 15 days)
(resigned)
Bible
(Senate)

Seniority from December 2, 1954
(20 years, 15 days)

87th January 3, 1961
January 3, 1963
88th January 3, 1963
January 3, 1965
89th January 3, 1965
January 3, 1967
90th January 3, 1967
January 3, 1969
91st January 3, 1969
January 3, 1971
92nd January 3, 1971
January 3, 1973
93rd January 3, 1973
December 17, 1974

David Towell[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1973
(2 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)[14]
December 17, 1974
January 3, 1975

Howard Cannon
Seniority from January 3, 1959
(24 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
Cannon
(Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1959
(24 years, 0 days)

94th January 3, 1975
January 3, 1977

James D. Santini[D]
Seniority from January 3, 1975
(8 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)[15]
95th January 3, 1977
January 3, 1979
96th January 3, 1979
January 3, 1981
97th January 3, 1981
January 3, 1983
98th January 3, 1983
January 3, 1985

Paul Laxalt
Seniority from December 18, 1974[h]
(12 years, 16 days)
(retired)
Laxalt
(Senate)

Seniority from December 18, 1974
(12 years, 16 days)

Co-deans:

Harry Reid (D),
Barbara Vucanovich (R)
Seniority from January 3, 1983
(4 years, 0 days)
(Reid elected to Senate)
99th January 3, 1985
January 3, 1987
100th January 3, 1987
January 3, 1989

Chic Hecht
Seniority from January 3, 1983
(6 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
No clear dean[n]
Barbara Vucanovich
Seniority from January 3, 1983
(14 years, 0 days)
(retired)[16]
101st January 3, 1989
January 3, 1991

Harry Reid[N][C]
Seniority from January 3, 1987
(30 years, 0 days)
(retired)
Co-deans:
Reid (House and Senate)
Vucanovich (House)

Seniority from January 3, 1983
(14 years, 0 days)

102nd January 3, 1991
January 3, 1993
103rd January 3, 1993
January 3, 1995
104th January 3, 1995
January 3, 1997
105th January 3, 1997
January 3, 1999
Reid
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1983
(34 years, 0 days)


John Ensign
Seniority from January 3, 1995
(4 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)
106th January 3, 1999
January 3, 2001

Jim Gibbons
Seniority from January 3, 1997
(9 years, 362 days)
(elected Nevada governor)
107th January 3, 2001
January 3, 2003
108th January 3, 2003
January 3, 2005
109th January 3, 2005
December 31, 2006
December 31, 2006
January 3, 2007

Shelley Berkley
Seniority from January 3, 1999
(14 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)
110th January 3, 2007
January 3, 2009
111th January 3, 2009
January 3, 2011
112th January 3, 2011
January 3, 2013
113th January 3, 2013
January 3, 2015

Joe Heck
Seniority from January 3, 2011
(6 years, 0 days)
(ran for Senate)
114th January 3, 2015
January 3, 2017
115th January 3, 2017
January 3, 2019

Dean Heller[C]
Seniority from May 9, 2011[e]
(7 years, 239 days)
(lost re-election)
Heller
(House and Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 2007
(12 years, 0 days)


Mark Amodei
Seniority from September 13, 2011[f]
(13 years, 60 days)
(Incumbent)
116th January 3, 2019
January 3, 2021

Catherine Cortez Masto
Seniority from January 3, 2017
(7 years, 314 days)
(Incumbent)
Amodei
(House)

Seniority from September 13, 2011
(13 years, 60 days)

117th January 3, 2021
January 3, 2023
118th January 3, 2023
January 3, 2025
119th January 3, 2025
present
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)

New Hampshire

[edit]

New Jersey

[edit]
Senior members of New Jersey's congressional delegation (1879–present)
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
46th March 4, 1879
March 4, 1881

Theodore F. Randolph
Seniority from March 4, 1875
(5 years, 364 days)
(retired)
Co-deans:
Randolph (Senate)
Ross (House)

Seniority from March 4, 1875
(5 years, 364 days)


Miles Ross
Seniority from March 4, 1875
(7 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)[17]
47th March 4, 1881
March 4, 1883

John R. McPherson
Seniority from March 4, 1877
(17 years, 364 days)
(retired)
Ross
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1875
(7 years, 364 days)

48th March 4, 1883
March 4, 1885
McPherson
(Senate)

Seniority from March 4, 1877
(17 years, 364 days)


J. Hart Brewer
Seniority from March 4, 1881
(3 years, 364 days)
(retired)
49th March 4, 1885
March 4, 1887

William Walter Phelps[H]
Seniority from March 4, 1883[c]
(5 years, 364 days)
(retired)[18]
50th March 4, 1887
March 4, 1889
51st March 4, 1889
March 4, 1891

William McAdoo
Seniority from March 4, 1883
(7 years, 364 days)
(lost renomination)[19]
52nd March 4, 1891
March 4, 1893

James Buchanan
Seniority from March 4, 1885
(7 years, 364 days)
(retired)
53rd March 4, 1893
March 4, 1895

Jacob A. Geissenhainer
Seniority from March 4, 1889
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)[20]
54th March 4, 1895
March 4, 1897

James Smith Jr.
Seniority from March 4, 1893
(5 years, 364 days)
(retired)[21]
Co-deans:
J. Smith (Senate)
Gardner, Loudenslager (House)

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(5 years, 364 days)

Co-deans:

John J. Gardner,
Henry C. Loudenslager

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(18 years, 161 days)
(Loudenslager died)
55th March 4, 1897
March 4, 1899
56th March 4, 1899
March 4, 1901

William J. Sewell[K]
Seniority from March 4, 1895
(6 years, 298 days)
(died)
Co-deans:
Gardner, Loudenslager
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(18 years, 161 days)

57th March 4, 1901
December 27, 1901
December 27, 1901
March 4, 1903

John Kean[C]
Seniority from March 4, 1899
(11 years, 364 days)
(retired)
58th March 4, 1903
March 4, 1905
59th March 4, 1905
March 4, 1907
60th March 4, 1907
March 4, 1909
61st March 4, 1909
March 4, 1911
62nd March 4, 1911
August 12, 1911

Frank O. Briggs
Seniority from March 4, 1907
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
August 12, 1911
March 4, 1913
Gardner
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1893
(19 years, 364 days)


John J. Gardner
Seniority from March 4, 1893
(19 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
63rd March 4, 1913
March 4, 1915

James E. Martine
Seniority from March 4, 1911
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
Hamill
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1907
(13 years, 364 days)


James A. Hamill
Seniority from March 4, 1907
(13 years, 364 days)
(retired)
64th March 4, 1915
March 4, 1917
65th March 4, 1917
January 30, 1918

William Hughes[C]
Seniority from March 4, 1913
(4 years, 332 days)
(died)
January 30, 1918
March 4, 1919

Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr.
Seniority from March 4, 1917
(5 years, 364 days)
(lost re-election)
66th March 4, 1919
March 4, 1921
67th March 4, 1921
March 4, 1923
Bacharach
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1915
(7 years, 364 days)


Isaac Bacharach
Seniority from March 4, 1915[k]
(7 years, 364 days)
(co-dean after Hutchinson
lost re-election)
68th March 4, 1923
March 4, 1925

Walter E. Edge
Seniority from May 19, 1919[o]
(10 years, 186 days)
(appointed Ambassador to
France
)
[22]
Co-deans:
Bacharach, Lehlbach
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1915
(21 years, 305 days)

Co-deans:

Isaac Bacharach,
Frederick R. Lehlbach

Seniority from March 4, 1915
(21 years, 305 days)
(both lost re-election)
69th March 4, 1925
March 4, 1927
70th March 4, 1927
March 4, 1929
71st March 4, 1929
November 21, 1929
November 21, 1929
March 4, 1931

Hamilton F. Kean
Seniority from March 4, 1929
(5 years, 305 days)
(lost re-election)
72nd March 4, 1931
March 4, 1933
73rd March 4, 1933
January 3, 1935
74th January 3, 1935
January 3, 1937

W. Warren Barbour
Seniority from December 1, 1931[h]
(5 years, 33 days)
(lost re-election)
75th January 3, 1937
January 17, 1938

A. Harry Moore
Seniority from January 3, 1935
(3 years, 14 days)
(elected New Jersey governor)
Seger
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1923
(17 years, 175 days)


George N. Seger
Seniority from March 4, 1923
(17 years, 175 days)
(died)
January 17, 1938
January 3, 1939

William H. Smathers
Seniority from January 3, 1937
(6 years, 0 days)
(lost re-election)
76th January 3, 1939
August 26, 1940
August 26, 1940
January 3, 1941
Co-deans:
Eaton, Norton
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1925
(25 years, 305 days)

Co-deans:

Charles Aubrey Eaton (R),
Mary Teresa Norton (D)
Seniority from March 4, 1925
(25 years, 305 days)
(Norton retired)
77th January 3, 1941
January 3, 1943
78th January 3, 1943
November 22, 1943

W. Warren Barbour[F]
Seniority from November 8, 1938[e]
(5 years, 14 days)
(died)
November 22, 1943
January 3, 1945

Albert W. Hawkes
Seniority from January 3, 1943
(6 years, 0 days)
(retired)
79th January 3, 1945
January 3, 1947
80th January 3, 1947
January 3, 1949
81st January 3, 1949
January 3, 1951

H. Alexander Smith
Seniority from December 7, 1944[e]
(14 years, 27 days)
(retired)
82nd January 3, 1951
January 3, 1953
Eaton
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1925
(27 years, 305 days)


Charles Aubrey Eaton
Seniority from March 4, 1925
(27 years, 305 days)
(retired)
83rd January 3, 1953
January 3, 1955
Wolverton
(House)

Seniority from March 4, 1927
(31 years, 305 days)


Charles A. Wolverton
Seniority from March 4, 1927
(31 years, 305 days)
(retired)
84th January 3, 1955
January 3, 1957
85th January 3, 1957
January 3, 1959
86th January 3, 1959
January 3, 1961

Clifford P. Case[C]
Seniority from January 3, 1955
(24 years, 0 days)
(lost renomination)
Canfield
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1941
(20 years, 0 days)


Gordon Canfield
Seniority from January 3, 1941
(20 years, 0 days)
(retired)
87th January 3, 1961
January 3, 1963
Auchincloss
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1943
(22 years, 0 days)


James C. Auchincloss
Seniority from January 3, 1943
(22 years, 0 days)
(retired)
88th January 3, 1963
January 3, 1965
89th January 3, 1965
January 3, 1967
Rodino
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1949
(40 years, 0 days)


Peter W. Rodino
Seniority from January 3, 1949
(40 years, 0 days)
(retired)
90th January 3, 1967
January 3, 1969
91st January 3, 1969
January 3, 1971
92nd January 3, 1971
January 3, 1973
93rd January 3, 1973
January 3, 1975
94th January 3, 1975
January 3, 1977
95th January 3, 1977
January 3, 1979
96th January 3, 1979
January 3, 1981

Harrison A. Williams[C]
Seniority from January 3, 1959
(23 years, 67 days)
(resigned)[23]
97th January 3, 1981
March 11, 1982
March 11, 1982
January 3, 1983

Bill Bradley
Seniority from January 3, 1979
(18 years, 0 days)
(retired)
98th January 3, 1983
January 3, 1985
99th January 3, 1985
January 3, 1987
100th January 3, 1987
January 3, 1989
101st January 3, 1989
January 3, 1991
Roe
(House)

Seniority from November 4, 1969
(23 years, 60 days)


Robert A. Roe
Seniority from November 4, 1969[f]
(23 years, 60 days)
(retired)
102nd January 3, 1991
January 3, 1993
103rd January 3, 1993
January 3, 1995
Hughes
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1975
(20 years, 0 days)


William J. Hughes
Seniority from January 3, 1975
(20 years, 0 days)
(retired)
104th January 3, 1995
January 3, 1997
Bradley
(Senate)

Seniority from January 3, 1979
(18 years, 0 days)

Co-deans:

Marge Roukema,
Chris Smith

Seniority from January 3, 1981
(22 years, 0 days)
(Roukema retired)
105th January 3, 1997
January 3, 1999

Frank Lautenberg
Seniority from December 27, 1982[h]
(18 years, 7 days)
(retired)
Co-deans:
Roukema, C. Smith
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1981
(22 years, 0 days)

106th January 3, 1999
January 3, 2001
107th January 3, 2001
January 3, 2003

Robert Torricelli[C]
Seniority from January 3, 1997
(6 years, 0 days)
(withdrew)[24]
108th January 3, 2003
January 3, 2005

Jon Corzine
Seniority from January 3, 2001
(5 years, 14 days)
(elected New Jersey governor)
C. Smith
(House)

Seniority from January 3, 1981
(43 years, 314 days)


Chris Smith
Seniority from January 3, 1981
(43 years, 314 days)
(Incumbent)
109th January 3, 2005
January 17, 2006
January 17, 2006
January 3, 2007

Frank Lautenberg[F]
Seniority from January 3, 2003
(10 years, 151 days)
(died)
110th January 3, 2007
January 3, 2009
111th January 3, 2009
January 3, 2011
112th January 3, 2011
January 3, 2013
113th January 3, 2013
June 3, 2013
June 3, 2013
January 3, 2015

Bob Menendez[C]
Seniority from January 17, 2006[h][25]
(18 years, 216 days)
(resigned)
114th January 3, 2015
January 3, 2017
115th January 3, 2017
January 3, 2019
116th January 3, 2019
January 3, 2021
117th January 3, 2021
January 3, 2023
118th January 3, 2023
August 20, 2024
August 20, 2024
January 3, 2025

Cory Booker
Seniority from October 31, 2013[e]
(11 years, 12 days)
(Incumbent)
119th January 3, 2025
present
Congress Dates Senior senator
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)
Delegation dean
(Combined seniority
and tenure)
House dean
(Seniority and tenure)
(Cause of departure)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "EVANS, John Morgan (1863 – 1946)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Chapter 7 § 2. Seniority and Derivative Rights". Deschler's Precedents, Volume 2 (PDF). U.S. Government Publishing Office. January 1, 1994. p. 670. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  3. ^ "BURKETT, Elmer Jacob (1867 – 1935)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  4. ^ "BROWN, Norris (1863 – 1960)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  5. ^ "COFFEE, Harry Buffington (1890 – 1972)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  6. ^ "ROBERTS, Edwin Ewing (1870 – 1933)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
  7. ^ The Journal of the Assembly of the Special Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada. 1912. Carson City, Nevada. 1913. p. 28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ "The Journal of the Senate of the Special Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada. 1912". Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate. Carson City, Nevada: 21. 1913. hdl:2027/uiug.30112108077089.
  9. ^ "ARENTZ, Samuel Shaw (Ulysses) (1879 – 1934)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  10. ^ "ARENTZ, Samuel Shaw (Ulysses) (1879 – 1934)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  11. ^ "SCRUGHAM, James Graves (1880 – 1945)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  12. ^ "SULLIVAN, Maurice Joseph (1884 – 1953)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  13. ^ "BARING, Walter Stephan, Jr. (1911 – 1975)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  14. ^ "TOWELL, David Gilmer (1937 – 2003)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  15. ^ "SANTINI, James David (1937 – 2015)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  16. ^ "VUCANOVICH, Barbara Farrell (1921 – 2013)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  17. ^ "ROSS, Miles (1827 – 1903)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  18. ^ "PHELPS, William Walter (1839 – 1894)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  19. ^ "MCADOO, William (1853 – 1930)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  20. ^ "GEISSENHAINER, Jacob Augustus (1839 – 1917)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  21. ^ "SMITH, James, Jr. (1851 – 1927)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  22. ^ "EDGE, Walter Evans (1873 – 1956)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  23. ^ "WILLIAMS, Harrison Arlington, Jr. (1919 – 2001)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  24. ^ "TORRICELLI, Robert Guy (1951 – )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  25. ^ "MENENDEZ, Robert (1954 – )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 3, 2024.

Footnotes (positional)

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Second time; previously served non-consecutive term(s) in the House
  2. ^ Senate Democratic Leader from 1961 to 1977
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Senator who previously served in the House of Representatives
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Sole representative (at-large district)
  5. ^ Sole representative (at-large district) until reapportionment in 2022 House elections
  6. ^ a b c Second time; previously served non-consecutive term(s) in the Senate
  7. ^ a b as junior senator
  8. ^ a b c Previously served non-consecutive term(s) in the House
  9. ^ Republican until 1936
  10. ^ Elected as Silver from 1895 to 1901
  11. ^ a b Previously served non-consecutive term(s) in the Senate
  12. ^ President pro tempore from 1933 to 1940
  13. ^ Representative who previously served as a senator
  14. ^ Senate Democratic Leader from 2005 to 2017

Footnotes (seniority)

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Preceding elections involved turnover of all sitting incumbents; incoming officeholders share a seniority date with no distinguishing aspects
  2. ^ John M. Evans shared seniority with Tom Stout until March 4, 1917
  3. ^ a b c d e Shares seniority date with other officeholder(s); credited as sole dean by past non-consecutive terms in Congress
  4. ^ Roy E. Ayers and Joseph P. Monaghan shared seniority until January 3, 1937; James F. O'Connor shared seniority with Jerry J. O'Connell until January 3, 1939
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Senator elected to fill intra-term vacancy after ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment; seniority calculated from date the individual assumed office
  6. ^ a b c d e f Representative elected to fill vacancy; seniority calculated from date of special election (if different from date the seat was filled)[2] Cite error: The named reference "housevacancy" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ Arnold Olsen shared seniority with James F. Battin until February 27, 1969
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Senator appointed to fill intra-term vacancy; seniority calculated from date of appointment
  9. ^ Elected late
  10. ^ Millard is considered Nebraska's senior senator due to a vacancy in the other Senate seat from William V. Allen's election loss.
  11. ^ a b c d Shares seniority date with more than two other Representatives (thus unable to count as co-deans); credited as sole dean due to surname coming first alphabetically
  12. ^ Seniority over Hazel Abel due to past service as a member of the House of Representatives
  13. ^ Senator elected by state legislature intra-term prior to ratification of Seventeenth Amendment; seniority calculated from election date (if different from date the seat was filled)
  14. ^ Chic Hecht, Harry Reid (Senate), and Barbara Vucanovich (House) share a seniority date of January 3, 1983.
  15. ^ Seated late by virtue of holding other political, governmental, or judicial office

Bibliography

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