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A sister castle or friend Castle relationship is the Castle equivalent of sister city, between two geographically castles, usually by agreement between two local governments famous for Castles.
Some Japanese castles establish sister relationships not only domestic castles but also European Castles.

On March 26, 2015, Conwy Castle in Wales was twinned with Himeji Castle. It was the first sister/twin castles between two [[World Heritage Sites.^[1]

List of Sister Castles and Friend Castles


	Sister Castle
	Friend Castle

Date		Distinction		Distinction	ref.
1966, August 15	Hikone Castle	National Treasure National Special Historic Site of Japan	Takamatsu Castle	Important Cultural Property National Historic Site of Japan National Place of Scenic Beauty	^[2]
1983, April 29	Nagahama Castle	-	Osaka Castle	Important Cultural Property National Special Historic Site of Japan	^[3]
1985, November 2	Osaka Castle	Important Cultural Property National Special Historic Site of Japan	Wakayama Castle	Important Cultural Property National Historic Site of Japan National Place of Scenic Beauty	^[3]
1989, November 2	Marksburg	World Heritage Site	Maruoka Castle	Important Cultural Property	^[4]^[5]
1989, May 11	Himeji Castle	World Heritage Site National Treasure National Special Historic Site of Japan	Château de Chantilly	-	^[6]
2006, October 10	Osaka Castle	Important Cultural Property National Special Historic Site of Japan	Ueda Castle	National Historic Site of Japan	^[3]
2009, October 2	Schloss Eggenberg	World Heritage Site	Osaka Castle	National Historic Site of Japan Special Historic Sites	^[3]
2015, March 26	Himeji Castle	World Heritage Site National Treasure National Special Historic Site of Japan	Neuschwanstein Castle	-	^[6]
2015, March 26	Himeji Castle	World Heritage Site National Treasure National Special Historic Site of Japan	Conwy Castle	World Heritage Site Listed building-Grade 1	^[6]
2017, April 11	Château des ducs de Bretagne	Monument historique	Osaka Castle	Important Cultural Property National Special Historic Site of Japan	^[3]
2022, October 3	Osaka Castle	Important Cultural Property National Special Historic Site of Japan	Castello Sforzesco	-	^[7]

References

^ "Conwy and Himeji castles' twinning starts 'beautiful friendship'".}}
^ "彦根市について" (in Japanese).}}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "大阪城天守閣九十年の歴史" (in Japanese).}}
^ "レファレンス事例詳細" (in Japanese).
^ "越前丸岡城" (PDF) (in Japanese).}}
^ ^a ^b ^c "姉妹都市（海外・国内）/姉妹城" (in Japanese).
^ "「姉妹城・友好城郭紹介」パネル展示コーナーに「スフォルツェスコ城」が加わりました" (in Japanese).

2024, ? Himeji Castle-Wawel Castle

Chart year^[1]	Artist	Song/Album Title
1964	Simon & Garfunkel	"The Sound of Silence"
1983	Irene Cara	"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
1997	Elton John	"Candle in the Wind 1997"

Artist	JP no.1 year	1st No.1 In JP	U.S. No.1 Year^[2]	1st No.1 In U.S.
Bee Gees	1967	"Massachusetts"	1971	"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
Celine Dion	1995	"To Love You More"	1993	"The Power of Love"

List of Billboard Japan Hot 100 number-one singles by non-Japanese artists.

2008–2019


Chart date^[3]^[4]	Artist	Title	No.1 Weeks	Notes
2008-5-5	Leona Lewis]	"Bleeding Love"	1^[a]
2009-9-28	Mika	"Blame It on the Girls"	1^[a]
2009-10-10	TVXQ/Tohoshinki's Jaejoong and Yoochun	"Colors (Melody and Harmony)"	1^[a]
2010-02-06	TVXQ/Tohoshinki	"Break Out!"	1^[b]	5^[5]
2010-04-10	TVXQ/Tohoshinki	"Toki o Tomete"	1^[c]^[6]	4^[6]
2011-02-12	TVXQ/Tohoshinki	"Keep Your Head Down"	1^[c]	7^[7]
2011-04-11	Lady Gaga	Born This Way	1 (Total 2 weeks)^[d]	19
2011-04-30	Shojo Jidai	Mr. Taxi	1 (Total 2 weeks)^[d]	19
2012-03-31	TVXQ/Tohoshinki	"Still"	1^[c]	3
2012-10-13	Shojo Jidai	Oh!	1^[c]	4
2012-10-27	Kara	"Electric Boy"	1^[e]	6
2013-01-26	TVXQ/Tohoshinki	Catch Me"	1^[f]	4
2013-05-20	The Wanted	Glad You Came"	1^[f]	4
2013-08-10	Kara	"Thank You Summer Love"	1^[c]	2
2013-11-02	2PM	"Winter Games"	1^[c]	3
2014-10-04	2PM	"Midaretemina"	1^[c]	2
2014-11-22	TVXQ/Tohoshinki	"Time Works Wonders"	1^[c]	8
2015-02-14	2PM	"Guilty Love"^[8]	1^[c]	3
2015-7-20	Sandaime J Soul Brothers from Exile Tribe featuring Afrojack	"Love Me Right (Romantic Universe)"	1^[c]	5
2015-11-21	Exo	"Love Me Right (Romantic Universe)"	1^[c]	5
2016-07-02	BtoB	"L.U.V"	1^[c]	2
2016-10-15	iKon	"Dumb & Dumber"	1^[c]	3
2017-09-30	Twice	"One More Time"	1^[g]	26
2017-11-04	BTS feat. Desiigner	"Mic Drop"	1^[h]	19
2018-01-03	Twice	"Candy Pop"	1^[i]	31
2018-04-07	Twice	"Wake Me Up"	1^[j]	17
2018-05-19	GOT7	"The New Era"	1^[k]	4
2018-05-26	BTS	"Fake Love"	1^[l]	38 (R) 48
2019-05-18	BTS	"Lights"	1^[m]	1 (R) 21
2019-06-01	Iz*One	"Buenos Aires"	1^[n]	2 (R) 6
2019-06-29	Twice	"Breakthrough"	1^[o]	13 (R) 15
2019-8-19	Sandaime J Soul Brothers from Exile Tribe featuring Afrojack	""Scarlet""	1^[c]	5
2019-09-14	Iz*One	"Vampire"	1^[p]	5

The Three great bridges is Japanese term selecting three bridges in Japan in many ways.

The three noted bridges(三名橋)

	Name	Japanese	Distinction	Length	Type	Carries Crosses	Opened	Location	Prefecture	Ref.
1	Megane Bridge	眼鏡橋	Important Cultural Property (1960)	22 m (72 ft)	Masonry 2 arches	Footbridge Nakashima River	1634	Nagasaki 32°44′49.8″N 129°52′48.3″E / 32.747167°N 129.880083°E / 32.747167; 129.880083 (Megane Bridge)	Nagasaki	^{[B 1]} ^{[S 1]}
2	Kintai Bridge	錦帯橋	National Treasure (1922) Span : 35.1 m (115 ft)	193 m (633 ft)	Arch Wooden beam	Footbridge Nishiki River	1673	Iwakuni 34°10′03.5″N 132°10′41.9″E / 34.167639°N 132.178306°E / 34.167639; 132.178306 (Kintai Bridge)	Yamaguchi	^{[B 2]} ^{[S 2]}
3	Nihonbashi	日本橋	Important Cultural Property (1999)	49 m (161 ft)	Masonry 2 arches	Japan National Route 14 Nihonbashi River	1911	Tokyo 35°41′02.6″N 139°46′28.2″E / 35.684056°N 139.774500°E / 35.684056; 139.774500 (Nihonbashi)	Tokyo Chiyoda	^{[B 3]}

	Name	Japanese	Carries Crosses	Opened	Location	Prefecture
4	Yamazakibashi	山崎橋	Shiga Prefectural road Yodo River	725	Ōyamazaki and Yawata	Kyoto
5	Seta no Karahashi	瀬田の唐橋	Footbridge Seta River	1673	Ōtsu	Shiga
6	Ujibashi	宇治橋	Uji River	646	Uji	Kyoto

{{row indexer| <nowiki>

	Name	Japanese	Distinction	Length	Type	Carries Crosses	Opened	Location	Prefecture	Ref.
7	Kazurabashi [ja]	かずら橋		45 m (148 ft)	Suspension Woven lianas, steel cables	Footbridge Iya Valley		Miyoshi 33°52′30.5″N 133°50′07.4″E / 33.875139°N 133.835389°E / 33.875139; 133.835389 (Kazurabashi)	Tokushima
8	Kintai Bridge	錦帯橋	National Treasure (1922) Span : 35.1 m (115 ft)	193 m (633 ft)	Arch Wooden beam	Footbridge Nishiki River	1673	Iwakuni 34°10′03.5″N 132°10′41.9″E / 34.167639°N 132.178306°E / 34.167639; 132.178306 (Kintai Bridge)	Yamaguchi	^{[B 4]} ^{[S 3]}
9	Saruhashi Bridge	猿橋		31 m (102 ft)	Beam Cantilever wooden beams	Footbridge Katsura River	1756	Ōtsuki 35°36′56.5″N 138°58′48.8″E / 35.615694°N 138.980222°E / 35.615694; 138.980222 (Saruhashi Bridge)	Yamanashi	^{[B 5]}
10	Shinkyo Bridge	神橋	Shrines and Temples of Nikkō World Heritage Site (1999)	28 m (92 ft)	Beam	Footbridge Daiya River	1904	Nikkō 36°45′12.0″N 139°36′14.5″E / 36.753333°N 139.604028°E / 36.753333; 139.604028 (Shinkyo Bridge)	Tochigi	^[9]

林 "forest"

Lin is 18th common surname in China
Im,Lim is 9th common surname in South Korea, though Im can be represented different Hanja such as 任, 壬, 恁.
Lâm is less common surname in Vietnam.
Hayashi is 19th common surname in Japan.

Lin Zexu(林則徐), Imperial Commissioner under Emperor of the Qing dynasty.
Im Na-yeon(林娜璉), known mononymously as Nayeon, a singer in the South Korean girl group Twice.

武 "military"

Wu is 93th common surname in China.
Moo is rare surname in South Korea.
Vũ or Võ is 7th common surname in Vietnam.
Take is less common surname in Japan.

Lin Zexu(武則天), a empress regnant of the Zhou dynasty (周) of China.
Take Yutaka(武豊) an Japanese Jockey often considered as the greatest Jockey in history of Horse racing in Japan.

高 "high"

Gao is 19th common surname in China.
Ko is 23th common surname in South Korea, though it can be represented different Hanja such as 顧.
Cao is less common surname in Vietnam.
Kō is less common surname in Japan.

Gao Xingjian(高行健), a Chinese-French novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000.
Go Ah-sung(高我星),a South Korean actress.
Kō no Moronao(高師直) a Japanese samurai of the Nanboku-chō period who was the first to hold the position of Shitsuji.

田 "field"

Tian is 34th common surname in China.
jeon is 16th common surname in South Korea, though it can be represented different Hanja such as 全 and 錢.
Điền is less common surname in Vietnam.
Den is less common surname in Japan.

Tian Zhuangzhuang(田壮壮), a Chinese film director, producer and actor.
Jeon Jung-kook(田柾國), better known mononymously as Jungkook, is a South Korean singer of BTS.
Den Kenjirō(田健治郎) a Japanese politician, cabinet minister and the 8th Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan.

諸葛 "many kudzu plants"

Zhuge is less common surname in China.
Jaegal is less common surname in South Korea..
Gia Cát is less common surname in Vietnam.
Morokuzu is less common surname in Japan.

金紀柳桂秦池萬

^ "Chart – Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
^ "Chart – Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
^ "Chart – Japan Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
^ "Japan Hot 100". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
^ "Hot 100 – Stand by U (July 13)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
^ ^a ^b
- "Hot 100 – Toki o Tomete (April 5)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
- "Hot 100 – Toki o Tomete (April 26)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
^ "Hot 100 – Keep Your Head Down". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
^ Benjamin, Jeff (March 13, 2015). "4Minute's 'Crazy' EP Debuts at No. 1 on World Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
^ "Shrines and Temples of Nikko". whc.unesco.org.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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[1] "Conwy and Himeji castles' twinning starts 'beautiful friendship'".}}

[2] "彦根市について" (in Japanese).}}

[Osaka-3] "大阪城天守閣九十年の歴史" (in Japanese).}}

[4] "レファレンス事例詳細" (in Japanese).

[5] "越前丸岡城" (PDF) (in Japanese).}}

[Himeji-6] "姉妹都市（海外・国内）/姉妹城" (in Japanese).

[7] "「姉妹城・友好城郭紹介」パネル展示コーナーに「スフォルツェスコ城」が加わりました" (in Japanese).

[8] "Chart – Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2020.

[9] "Chart – Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2020.

[Japanese-10] "Chart – Japan Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved November 7, 2016.

[11] "Japan Hot 100". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 11, 2021.

[14] "Hot 100 – Stand by U (July 13)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

[TokioTomete-16] 
"Hot 100 – Toki o Tomete (April 5)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

"Hot 100 – Toki o Tomete (April 26)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

[14] "Hot 100 – Toki o Tomete (April 5)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

[15] "Hot 100 – Toki o Tomete (April 26)". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

[17] "Hot 100 – Keep Your Head Down". Billboard Japan. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

[4crazy-21] Benjamin, Jeff (March 13, 2015). "4Minute's 'Crazy' EP Debuts at No. 1 on World Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved May 28, 2015.

[40] "Shrines and Temples of Nikko". whc.unesco.org.

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