User:Rehman94/sandbox

History of chocolate. Chocolate is a type of food made from cocoa beans. Their are many types of chocolates, Chocolate.

notable chocolate factories/companies including Hersheys.

Don't forget Cadbury (--Rehman94 (talk) 02:07, 11 October 2016 (UTC)).

==notes== be bold guideline

basic footnote:

First footnote from pubmed is here

Need to add articles/sources for my topic. Focus on Maillard Reaction and the key proteins involved in Enzymatic browning. Polyphenol Oxidase? Other reactions. Provide protein structure for Polyphenol Oxidase.

Citation: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118308035.ch4/summary.

Find appropriate articles for citation. Find approx 3 articles.

Article Edit proposal. OUTLINE: Browning (food process). I want to start the edit by making the title caption more direct, "browning of food". Also, I feel that there is a need to expand on the introduction of browning of food. In the introduction, little is said regarding what food browning is and how it arises in the many different food available to us. I want to touch upon this area with a little background on food browning and why it generally occurs, along with some auxiliary images of common foods such as apples Then I can add the types of browning reactions and briefly mention them in the intro section. I would like to then add more information for each type of browning reaction (enzymatic, non) in thei respective content sections. Since there is less information regarding the mechanism of an enzymatic reaction I will focus my editing in this section. In the enzymatic section of the article, I can retrieve a PDB file for one or two of the most important proteins responsible for the enzymatic reactions in food browning (catechol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase). This will allow viewers to get a glimpse of the protein in its 3D structure. As mentioned in the intro section, "browning has an important economic cost, causing deterioration of the value of products in the market of food". I could add a separate content section labeled "implications of food browning in food industry" or "consequences of browning in consumerism". I feel that adding a component of food industry or agriculture can be very informative as to how browning of food can affect consumers. I came across an article regarding the maillard reaction and its negative and positive effects on food quality. The article's main goal was to find a way to control for browning and minimize waste of foods by catalyzing reactions that can stop or slow down the browning process. One famous example is seen in another article I have read regarding apples and controlling their browning process with the addition of ascorbic acid. Adding information regarding its implications and how browning effects food and people that consume it can be a great way to expand on the article. In addition to adding more detailed description of the content itself, it is very important to add additional citations for verification. This will help improve the article and its content.

Quinones are colored substances whose strongly electrophilic natures make them very susceptible to nucleophilic attack

Arctic Apples are a suite of trademarked apples that contain a nonbrowning trait. Specifically, gene silencing is used to turn down the expression of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), thus preventing the fruit from browning

The control of enzymatic browning has always been a challenge to the fruit-processing industry. 317 Moreover, the use of sulfites, a powerful antibrowning chemical,319 320-340 is discussed more and more because of the potential hazards,422 and an active field of research is currently under development to find nonsulfite antibrowning agents for the food industry.263-368 The different ways of enzymatic browning control can be divided into three classes, depending on whether they mainly affect enzymes, substrates, or reaction products, although in some cases two or three targets can be affected at the same time.

Apple's major phenols reported are Chlorogenic acid and Epicatechin.