Log page index: User:ProteinBoxBot/PBB_Log_Index
Protein Status Quick Log - Date: 03:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
[edit]Proteins without matches (26)
[edit]Proteins with a High Potential Match (26)
[edit]Manual Inspection (Page not found) (47)
[edit]
Protein Status Grid - Date: 03:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
[edit]Vebose Log - Date: 03:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
[edit]- INFO: Beginning work on ABCA1... {October 29, 2007 5:23:57 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:29:32 PM PDT}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1
| HGNCid = 29
| Symbol = ABCA1
| AltSymbols =; ABC-1; ABC1; CERP; FLJ14958; HDLDT1; TGD
| OMIM = 600046
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 21130
| MGIid = 99607
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ABCA1_203504_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_ABCA1_216066_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008509 |text = anion transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015248 |text = sterol transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016887 |text = ATPase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006629 |text = lipid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006911 |text = phagocytosis, engulfment}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008202 |text = steroid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008203 |text = cholesterol metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030301 |text = cholesterol transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042158 |text = lipoprotein biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045332 |text = phospholipid translocation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 19
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000165029
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005493
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005502
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 106583104
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 106730339
| Hs_Uniprot = O95477
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11303
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000015243
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013454
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038482
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 53051888
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 53180992
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8BPY1
}}
}}
'''ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1''', also known as '''ABCA1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. With cholesterol as its substrate, this protein functions as a cholesteral efflux pump in the cellular lipid removal pathway. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Tangier's disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ABCA1 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=19| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Oram JF |title=ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and cholesterol trafficking. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=13 |issue= 4 |pages= 373-81 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12151852 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hong SH, Rhyne J, Zeller K, Miller M |title=ABCA1(Alabama): a novel variant associated with HDL deficiency and premature coronary artery disease. |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=164 |issue= 2 |pages= 245-50 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12204794 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kozak M |title=Emerging links between initiation of translation and human diseases. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=13 |issue= 8 |pages= 401-10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12226704 |doi= 10.1007/s00335-002-4002-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Joyce C, Freeman L, Brewer HB, Santamarina-Fojo S |title=Study of ABCA1 function in transgenic mice. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 6 |pages= 965-71 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12615681 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000055194.85073.FF }}
*{{cite journal | author=Singaraja RR, Brunham LR, Visscher H, ''et al.'' |title=Efflux and atherosclerosis: the clinical and biochemical impact of variations in the ABCA1 gene. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 8 |pages= 1322-32 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12763760 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000078520.89539.77 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nofer JR, Remaley AT |title=Tangier disease: still more questions than answers. |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=62 |issue= 19-20 |pages= 2150-60 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16235041 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-005-5125-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yokoyama S |title=ABCA1 and biogenesis of HDL. |journal=J. Atheroscler. Thromb. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-15 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16505586 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schmitz G, Schambeck CM |title=Molecular defects in the ABCA1 pathway affect platelet function. |journal=Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. |volume=35 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 166-74 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16855366 |doi= 10.1159/000093563 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on ACTB... {October 29, 2007 5:29:32 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:32:21 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1atn}}, {{PDB2|1c0f}}, {{PDB2|1c0g}}, {{PDB2|1d4x}}, {{PDB2|1dej}}, {{PDB2|1eqy}}, {{PDB2|1esv}}, {{PDB2|1h1v}}, {{PDB2|1hlu}}, {{PDB2|1ijj}}, {{PDB2|1j6z}}, {{PDB2|1kxp}}, {{PDB2|1lcu}}, {{PDB2|1lot}}, {{PDB2|1m8q}}, {{PDB2|1ma9}}, {{PDB2|1mdu}}, {{PDB2|1mvw}}, {{PDB2|1nlv}}, {{PDB2|1nm1}}, {{PDB2|1nmd}}, {{PDB2|1nwk}}, {{PDB2|1o18}}, {{PDB2|1o19}}, {{PDB2|1o1a}}, {{PDB2|1o1b}}, {{PDB2|1o1c}}, {{PDB2|1o1d}}, {{PDB2|1o1e}}, {{PDB2|1o1f}}, {{PDB2|1o1g}}, {{PDB2|1p8z}}, {{PDB2|1qz5}}, {{PDB2|1qz6}}, {{PDB2|1rdw}}, {{PDB2|1rfq}}, {{PDB2|1rgi}}, {{PDB2|1s22}}, {{PDB2|1sqk}}, {{PDB2|1t44}}, {{PDB2|1wua}}, {{PDB2|1y64}}, {{PDB2|1yxq}}, {{PDB2|2a3z}}, {{PDB2|2a40}}, {{PDB2|2a41}}, {{PDB2|2a42}}, {{PDB2|2a5x}}, {{PDB2|2asm}}, {{PDB2|2aso}}, {{PDB2|2asp}}, {{PDB2|2btf}}, {{PDB2|2d1k}}, {{PDB2|2ff3}}, {{PDB2|2ff6}}, {{PDB2|2fxu}}, {{PDB2|2gwj}}, {{PDB2|2gwk}}, {{PDB2|2hf3}}, {{PDB2|2hf4}}, {{PDB2|2hmp}}, {{PDB2|2oan}}, {{PDB2|2q1n}}, {{PDB2|2q31}}, {{PDB2|2q36}}
| Name = Actin, beta
| HGNCid = 132
| Symbol = ACTB
| AltSymbols =; PS1TP5BP1
| OMIM = 102630
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 74383
| MGIid = 87904
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ACTB_200801_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_ACTB_213867_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_ACTB_AFFX-HSAC07/X00351_3_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005200 |text = structural constituent of cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035267 |text = NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 60
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000075624
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001092
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001101
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 5533313
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 5535814
| Hs_Uniprot = P60709
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11461
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029580
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007393
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031419
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 143168256
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 143171864
| Mm_Uniprot = A1E281
}}
}}
'''Actin, beta''', also known as '''ACTB''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Beta actin is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. ACTB is one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTB actin, beta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=60| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Snásel J, Pichová I |title=The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease. |journal=Folia Biol. (Praha) |volume=42 |issue= 5 |pages= 227-30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8997639 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gunning P, Weinberger R, Jeffrey P |title=Actin and tropomyosin isoforms in morphogenesis. |journal=Anat. Embryol. |volume=195 |issue= 4 |pages= 311-5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9108196 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kimura T, Hashimoto I, Nishikawa M, Fujisawa JI |title=A role for Rev in the association of HIV-1 gag mRNA with cytoskeletal beta-actin and viral protein expression. |journal=Biochimie |volume=78 |issue= 11-12 |pages= 1075-80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9150887 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Szentirmay MN, Sawadogo M |title=Spatial organization of RNA polymerase II transcription in the nucleus. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=28 |issue= 10 |pages= 2019-25 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10773068 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anderson JL, Hope TJ |title=HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell. |journal=Current HIV/AIDS reports |volume=1 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-53 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16091223 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pederson T, Aebi U |title=Nuclear actin extends, with no contraction in sight. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=16 |issue= 11 |pages= 5055-60 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16148048 |doi= 10.1091/mbc.E05-07-0656 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on ADRB2... {October 29, 2007 5:32:21 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:36:24 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Adrenergic, beta-2-, receptor, surface
| HGNCid = 286
| Symbol = ADRB2
| AltSymbols =; ADRB2R; ADRBR; B2AR; BAR; BETA2AR
| OMIM = 109690
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30948
| MGIid = 87938
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ADRB2_206170_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004941 |text = beta2-adrenergic receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051380 |text = norepinephrine binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005764 |text = lysosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005768 |text = endosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016324 |text = apical plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043235 |text = receptor complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002024 |text = diet induced thermogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002025 |text = norepinephrine-epinephrine vasodilation during regulation of blood pressure}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002028 |text = regulation of sodium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002032 |text = arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006898 |text = receptor-mediated endocytosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007171 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation (dimerization)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007190 |text = adenylate cyclase activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007243 |text = protein kinase cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008333 |text = endosome to lysosome transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009409 |text = response to cold}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030501 |text = positive regulation of bone mineralization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031649 |text = heat generation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040015 |text = negative regulation of body size}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043410 |text = positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045453 |text = bone resorption}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045986 |text = negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050873 |text = brown fat cell differentiation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 154
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000169252
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000015
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000024
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 148185001
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 148188447
| Hs_Uniprot = P07550
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11555
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000045730
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007420
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031446
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 62303865
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 62305121
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8BH38
}}
}}
'''Adrenergic, beta-2-, receptor, surface''', also known as '''ADRB2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes beta-2-adrenergic receptor which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This receptor is directly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca(V)1.2. This receptor-channel complex also contains a G protein, an adenylyl cyclase, cAMP-dependent kinase, and the counterbalancing phosphatase, PP2A. The assembly of the signaling complex provides a mechanism that ensures specific and rapid signaling by this G protein-coupled receptor. This gene is intronless. Different polymorphic forms, point mutations, and/or downregulation of this gene are associated with nocturnal asthma, obesity and type 2 diabetes.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ADRB2 adrenergic, beta-2-, receptor, surface| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=154| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Frielle T, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ |title=Properties of the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes revealed by molecular cloning. |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=35 |issue= 5 |pages= 721-5 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2541947 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Taylor DR, Kennedy MA |title=Genetic variation of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor: its functional and clinical importance in bronchial asthma. |journal=American journal of pharmacogenomics : genomics-related research in drug development and clinical practice |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 165-74 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12083965 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Thibonnier M, Coles P, Thibonnier A, Shoham M |title=Molecular pharmacology and modeling of vasopressin receptors. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=139 |issue= |pages= 179-96 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12436935 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ge D, Huang J, He J, ''et al.'' |title=beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene variations associated with stage-2 hypertension in northern Han Chinese. |journal=Ann. Hum. Genet. |volume=69 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 36-44 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638826 |doi= 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00093.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on AGT... {October 29, 2007 5:36:24 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:48:07 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)
| HGNCid = 333
| Symbol = AGT
| AltSymbols =; ANHU; SERPINA8
| OMIM = 106150
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 14
| MGIid = 87963
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_AGT_202834_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004867 |text = serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031702 |text = type 1 angiotensin receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031703 |text = type 2 angiotensin receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001543 |text = ovarian follicle rupture}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001568 |text = blood vessel development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001658 |text = ureteric bud branching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001822 |text = kidney development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001998 |text = angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during regulation of blood pressure}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001999 |text = renal response to blood flow during renin-angiotensin regulation of blood pressure}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002018 |text = renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002019 |text = angiotensin mediated regulation of renal output}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002035 |text = brain renin-angiotensin system}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007160 |text = cell-matrix adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007565 |text = female pregnancy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008065 |text = establishment of blood-nerve barrier}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008217 |text = blood pressure regulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009409 |text = response to cold}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030198 |text = extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030432 |text = peristalsis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040018 |text = positive regulation of body size}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042445 |text = hormone metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042756 |text = drinking behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043410 |text = positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043524 |text = negative regulation of neuron apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045723 |text = positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046622 |text = positive regulation of organ size}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048143 |text = astrocyte activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048659 |text = smooth muscle cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051145 |text = smooth muscle cell differentiation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 183
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000135744
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000020
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000029
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 228904892
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 228916666
| Hs_Uniprot = P01019
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11606
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031980
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007428
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031454
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 127442678
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 127462983
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UTR7
}}
}}
'''Angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)''', also known as '''AGT''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. The protein is involved in maintaining blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and preeclampsia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=183| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lees KR, MacFadyen RJ, Doig JK, Reid JL |title=Role of angiotensin in the extravascular system. |journal=Journal of human hypertension |volume=7 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages= S7-12 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8230088 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Weir MR, Dzau VJ |title=The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. |journal=Am. J. Hypertens. |volume=12 |issue= 12 Pt 3 |pages= 205S-213S |year= 2000 |pmid= 10619573 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, ''et al.'' |title=Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. |volume=281 |issue= 6 |pages= H2337-65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11709400 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sernia C |title=A critical appraisal of the intrinsic pancreatic angiotensin-generating system. |journal=JOP |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 50-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11862023 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Varagic J, Frohlich ED |title=Local cardiac renin-angiotensin system: hypertension and cardiac failure. |journal=J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. |volume=34 |issue= 11 |pages= 1435-42 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12431442 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wolf G |title=Role of reactive oxygen species in angiotensin II-mediated renal growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. |journal=Antioxid. Redox Signal. |volume=7 |issue= 9-10 |pages= 1337-45 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16115039 |doi= 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1337 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cazaubon S, Deshayes F, Couraud PO, Nahmias C |title=[Endothelin-1, angiotensin II and cancer] |journal=Med Sci (Paris) |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 416-22 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16597412 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ariza AC, Bobadilla NA, Halhali A |title=[Endothelin 1 and angiotensin II in preeeclampsia] |journal=Rev. Invest. Clin. |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 48-56 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17569300 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on AGTR1... {October 29, 2007 5:48:07 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 5:50:11 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: AGTR1 {October 29, 2007 5:50:20 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on APC... {October 29, 2007 5:50:20 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:51:05 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1deb}}, {{PDB2|1m5i}}, {{PDB2|1th1}}, {{PDB2|1v18}}
| Name = Adenomatosis polyposis coli
| HGNCid = 583
| Symbol = APC
| AltSymbols =; DP2; DP2.5; DP3; FAP; FPC; GS
| OMIM = 175100
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30950
| MGIid = 88039
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_APC_216933_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008013 |text = beta-catenin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008017 |text = microtubule binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016328 |text = lateral plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009798 |text = axis specification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009952 |text = anterior/posterior pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009953 |text = dorsal/ventral pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016055 |text = Wnt receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 324
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000134982
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000029
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000038
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 112101483
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 112209834
| Hs_Uniprot = P25054
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11789
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000005871
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_622559
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_622559
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 34345794
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 34443382
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8C9I9
}}
}}
'''Adenomatosis polyposis coli''', also known as '''APC''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that includes among its many intracellular functions one of nuclear export. Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: APC adenomatosis polyposis coli| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=324| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Nagase H, Nakamura Y |title=Mutations of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=2 |issue= 6 |pages= 425-34 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8111410 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380020602 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Narayan S, Roy D |title=Role of APC and DNA mismatch repair genes in the development of colorectal cancers. |journal=Mol. Cancer |volume=2 |issue= |pages= 41 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14672538 |doi= 10.1186/1476-4598-2-41 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kauh J, Umbreit J |title=Colorectal cancer prevention. |journal=Current problems in cancer |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 240-64 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15375803 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Merg A, Lynch HT, Lynch JF, Howe JR |title=Hereditary colon cancer--part I. |journal=Current problems in surgery |volume=42 |issue= 4 |pages= 195-256 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15821699 |doi= 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2005.01.004 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tejpar S, Michils G, Denys H, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of Wnt/Beta catenin signalling in desmoid tumors. |journal=Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. |volume=68 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15832580 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Akiyama T, Kawasaki Y |title=Wnt signalling and the actin cytoskeleton. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 57 |pages= 7538-44 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17143298 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1210063 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Senda T, Iizuka-Kogo A, Onouchi T, Shimomura A |title=Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) plays multiple roles in the intestinal and colorectal epithelia. |journal=Medical molecular morphology |volume=40 |issue= 2 |pages= 68-81 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17572842 |doi= 10.1007/s00795-006-0352-5 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on BCL2L1... {October 29, 2007 5:51:05 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:53:59 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1af3}}, {{PDB2|1bxl}}, {{PDB2|1lxl}}, {{PDB2|1maz}}, {{PDB2|1pq0}}, {{PDB2|1pq1}}, {{PDB2|1r2d}}, {{PDB2|1r2e}}, {{PDB2|1r2g}}, {{PDB2|1r2h}}, {{PDB2|1r2i}}, {{PDB2|2b48}}, {{PDB2|2bzw}}
| Name = BCL2-like 1
| HGNCid = 992
| Symbol = BCL2L1
| AltSymbols =; BCL-XL/S; BCL2L; BCLX; Bcl-X; DKFZp781P2092; bcl-xL; bcl-xS
| OMIM = 600039
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7639
| MGIid = 88139
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BCL2L1_212312_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_BCL2L1_206665_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_BCL2L1_215037_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005739 |text = mitochondrion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005741 |text = mitochondrial outer membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008634 |text = negative regulation of survival gene product activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008637 |text = apoptotic mitochondrial changes}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009314 |text = response to radiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045768 |text = positive regulation of anti-apoptosis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 598
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000171552
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001182
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001191
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 29715916
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 29774366
| Hs_Uniprot = Q07817
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12048
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000007659
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009743
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033873
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 152458757
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 152523123
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3T9W4
}}
}}
'''BCL2-like 1''', also known as '''BCL2L1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The proteins encoded by this gene are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and have been shown to regulate outer mitochondrial membrane channel (VDAC) opening. VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported. The longer isoform acts as an apoptotic inhibitor and the shorter form acts as an apoptotic activator.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BCL2L1 BCL2-like 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=598| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ogata Y, Takahashi M |title=Bcl-xL as an antiapoptotic molecule for cardiomyocytes. |journal=Drug News Perspect. |volume=16 |issue= 7 |pages= 446-52 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14668940 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on BRAF... {October 29, 2007 5:53:59 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:55:36 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1uwh}}, {{PDB2|1uwj}}, {{PDB2|2fb8}}
| Name = V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1
| HGNCid = 1097
| Symbol = BRAF
| AltSymbols =; B-raf 1; BRAF1; MGC126806; MGC138284; RAFB1
| OMIM = 164757
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3197
| MGIid =
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BRAF_206044_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005057 |text = receptor signaling protein activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019992 |text = diacylglycerol binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 673
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000157764
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004324
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004333
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 140080754
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 140271033
| Hs_Uniprot = P15056
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1''', also known as '''BRAF''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Sithanandam G, Kolch W, Duh FM, Rapp UR |title=Complete coding sequence of a human B-raf cDNA and detection of B-raf protein kinase with isozyme specific antibodies. |journal=Oncogene |volume=5 |issue= 12 |pages= 1775-80 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2284096 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Garnett MJ, Marais R |title=Guilty as charged: B-RAF is a human oncogene. |journal=Cancer Cell |volume=6 |issue= 4 |pages= 313-9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15488754 |doi= 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.022 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Quiros RM, Ding HG, Gattuso P, ''et al.'' |title=Evidence that one subset of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are derived from papillary carcinomas due to BRAF and p53 mutations. |journal=Cancer |volume=103 |issue= 11 |pages= 2261-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15880523 |doi= 10.1002/cncr.21073 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Karbowniczek M, Henske EP |title=The role of tuberin in cellular differentiation: are B-Raf and MAPK involved? |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1059 |issue= |pages= 168-73 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16382052 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1339.045 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ciampi R, Nikiforov YE |title=RET/PTC rearrangements and BRAF mutations in thyroid tumorigenesis. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=148 |issue= 3 |pages= 936-41 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16946010 |doi= 10.1210/en.2006-0921 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Espinosa AV, Porchia L, Ringel MD |title=Targeting BRAF in thyroid cancer. |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=96 |issue= 1 |pages= 16-20 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17179987 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603520 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on BRCA2... {October 29, 2007 5:55:36 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:57:16 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1n0w}}
| Name = Breast cancer 2, early onset
| HGNCid = 1101
| Symbol = BRCA2
| AltSymbols =; BRCC2; FACD; FAD; FAD1; FANCB; FANCD; FANCD1
| OMIM = 600185
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 41
| MGIid = 109337
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BRCA2_208368_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003697 |text = single-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004402 |text = histone acetyltransferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016563 |text = transcription activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030141 |text = secretory granule}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000724 |text = double-strand break repair via homologous recombination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006325 |text = establishment and/or maintenance of chromatin architecture}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006338 |text = chromatin remodeling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007090 |text = regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007093 |text = mitotic cell cycle checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045449 |text = regulation of transcription}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 675
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000139618
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000050
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000059
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 31787617
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 31871806
| Hs_Uniprot = P51587
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12190
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000041147
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001081001
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001074470
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 150791023
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 150838107
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TN53
}}
}}
'''Breast cancer 2, early onset''', also known as '''BRCA2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been linked to an elevated risk of young onset breast cancer which has been demonstrated to be due to the inheritance of dominant susceptibility genes conferring a high risk of the disease. Unlike BRCA1, BRCA2 has not been linked to ovarian cancer. While BRCA1 mutations are typically microinsertions and point mutations, BRCA2 mutations are typically microdeletions. BRCA2 putatively functions as a tumor suppressor gene; however, its exact function has not been well characterized. The similarity and functional analysis of BRCA2 and BRCA1 proteins suggests that these proteins function in the same genetic pathway. BRCA1 and BRCA2 have transcriptional activation potential and the two proteins are associated with the activation of double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination. The two proteins have been shown to coexist and colocalize in a biochemical complex.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BRCA2 breast cancer 2, early onset| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=675| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Venkitaraman AR |title=Chromosome stability, DNA recombination and the BRCA2 tumour suppressor. |journal=Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 3 |pages= 338-43 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11343905 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Orelli BJ, Bishop DK |title=BRCA2 and homologous recombination. |journal=Breast Cancer Res. |volume=3 |issue= 5 |pages= 294-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11597317 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Daniel DC |title=Highlight: BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer. |journal=Microsc. Res. Tech. |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 68-83 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12242698 |doi= 10.1002/jemt.10178 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tutt A, Ashworth A |title=The relationship between the roles of BRCA genes in DNA repair and cancer predisposition. |journal=Trends in molecular medicine |volume=8 |issue= 12 |pages= 571-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12470990 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gonçalves A, Viens P, Sobol H, ''et al.'' |title=[Molecular alterations in breast cancer: clinical implications and new analytical tools] |journal=La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne |volume=26 |issue= 6 |pages= 470-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15936476 |doi= 10.1016/j.revmed.2004.11.012 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hay T, Clarke AR |title=DNA damage hypersensitivity in cells lacking BRCA2: a review of in vitro and in vivo data. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=33 |issue= Pt 4 |pages= 715-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16042582 |doi= 10.1042/BST0330715 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Domchek SM, Weber BL |title=Clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 43 |pages= 5825-31 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16998496 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209881 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Honrado E, Osorio A, Palacios J, Benitez J |title=Pathology and gene expression of hereditary breast tumors associated with BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 gene mutations. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 43 |pages= 5837-45 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16998498 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209875 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CAV1... {October 29, 2007 5:57:17 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 5:58:26 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa
| HGNCid = 1527
| Symbol = CAV1
| AltSymbols =; CAV; MSTP085; VIP21
| OMIM = 601047
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1330
| MGIid = 102709
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CAV1_203065_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CAV1_212097_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005198 |text = structural molecule activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015485 |text = cholesterol binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000139 |text = Golgi membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000299 |text = integral to membrane of membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016599 |text = caveolar membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045121 |text = lipid raft}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048471 |text = perinuclear region of cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000188 |text = inactivation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001937 |text = negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006641 |text = triacylglycerol metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009968 |text = negative regulation of signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019217 |text = regulation of fatty acid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019915 |text = sequestering of lipid}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030301 |text = cholesterol transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042632 |text = cholesterol homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045019 |text = negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045907 |text = positive regulation of vasoconstriction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045908 |text = negative regulation of vasodilation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051260 |text = protein homooligomerization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 857
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000105974
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001744
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001753
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 115952075
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 115988466
| Hs_Uniprot = Q03135
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12389
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000007655
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007616
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031642
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 17256370
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 17291324
| Mm_Uniprot = P49817
}}
}}
'''Caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa''', also known as '''CAV1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The scaffolding protein encoded by this gene is the main component of the caveolae plasma membranes found in most cell types. The protein links integrin subunits to the tyrosine kinase FYN, an initiating step in coupling integrins to the Ras-ERK pathway and promoting cell cycle progression. The gene is a tumor suppressor gene candidate and a negative regulator of the Ras-p42/44 MAP kinase cascade. CAV1 and CAV2 are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex. By using alternative initiation codons in the same reading frame, two isoforms (alpha and beta) are encoded by a single transcript from this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CAV1 caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=857| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Engelman JA, Zhang X, Galbiati F, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular genetics of the caveolin gene family: implications for human cancers, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and muscular dystrophy. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=63 |issue= 6 |pages= 1578-87 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9837809 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Razani B, Schlegel A, Liu J, Lisanti MP |title=Caveolin-1, a putative tumour suppressor gene. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=29 |issue= Pt 4 |pages= 494-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11498016 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fujimoto T, Kogo H, Nakamura N, Ozeki S |title=[Microdomains and caveolin] |journal=Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso |volume=47 |issue= 4 Suppl |pages= 326-32 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11915322 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shatz M, Liscovitch M |title=Caveolin-1 and cancer multidrug resistance: coordinate regulation of pro-survival proteins? |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=28 |issue= 9 |pages= 907-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15234566 |doi= 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.03.013 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Frank PG, Lisanti MP |title=Caveolin-1 and liver regeneration: role in proliferation and lipogenesis. |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 115-6 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17314510 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CD40... {October 29, 2007 5:58:26 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:00:08 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5
| HGNCid = 11919
| Symbol = CD40
| AltSymbols =; Bp50; CDW40; MGC9013; TNFRSF5; p50
| OMIM = 109535
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 954
| MGIid = 88336
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD40_35150_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CD40_205153_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_CD40_215346_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019899 |text = enzyme binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009897 |text = external side of plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030168 |text = platelet activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030890 |text = positive regulation of B cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042100 |text = B cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048304 |text = positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050776 |text = regulation of immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051023 |text = regulation of immunoglobulin secretion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 958
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000101017
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001241
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001250
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 44180318
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 44366257
| Hs_Uniprot = P25942
| Mm_EntrezGene = 21939
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000017652
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011611
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035741
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 164746841
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 164762859
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TS33
}}
}}
'''CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5''', also known as '''CD40''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor has been found to be essential in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. AT-hook transcription factor AKNA is reported to coordinately regulate the expression of this receptor and its ligand, which may be important for homotypic cell interactions. Adaptor protein TNFR2 interacts with this receptor and serves as a mediator of the signal transduction. The interaction of this receptor and its ligand is found to be necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD40 CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=958| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Clark EA |title=CD40: a cytokine receptor in search of a ligand. |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 33-6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1701063 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Banchereau J, Bazan F, Blanchard D, ''et al.'' |title=The CD40 antigen and its ligand. |journal=Annu. Rev. Immunol. |volume=12 |issue= |pages= 881-922 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7516669 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.004313 }}
*{{cite journal | author=van Kooten C, Banchereau J |title=CD40-CD40 ligand. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=67 |issue= 1 |pages= 2-17 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647992 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schattner EJ |title=CD40 ligand in CLL pathogenesis and therapy. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=37 |issue= 5-6 |pages= 461-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11042507 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bhushan A, Covey LR |title=CD40:CD40L interactions in X-linked and non-X-linked hyper-IgM syndromes. |journal=Immunol. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 311-24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11817328 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cheng G, Schoenberger SP |title=CD40 signaling and autoimmunity. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue= |pages= 51-61 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826760 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dallman C, Johnson PW, Packham G |title=Differential regulation of cell survival by CD40. |journal=Apoptosis |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 45-53 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12510151 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=O'Sullivan B, Thomas R |title=Recent advances on the role of CD40 and dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance. |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=10 |issue= 4 |pages= 272-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12799532 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Benveniste EN, Nguyen VT, Wesemann DR |title=Molecular regulation of CD40 gene expression in macrophages and microglia. |journal=Brain Behav. Immun. |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 7-12 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14651941 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xu Y, Song G |title=The role of CD40-CD154 interaction in cell immunoregulation. |journal=J. Biomed. Sci. |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 426-38 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15153777 |doi= 10.1159/000077892 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Contin C, Couzi L, Moreau JF, ''et al.'' |title=[Immune dysfuntion of uremic patients: potential role for the soluble form of CD40] |journal=Néphrologie |volume=25 |issue= 4 |pages= 119-26 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15291139 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CDC42... {October 29, 2007 6:00:08 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:03:48 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a4r}}, {{PDB2|1aje}}, {{PDB2|1am4}}, {{PDB2|1an0}}, {{PDB2|1cee}}, {{PDB2|1cf4}}, {{PDB2|1doa}}, {{PDB2|1e0a}}, {{PDB2|1ees}}, {{PDB2|1grn}}, {{PDB2|1gzs}}, {{PDB2|1ki1}}, {{PDB2|1kz7}}, {{PDB2|1kzg}}, {{PDB2|1nf3}}, {{PDB2|2ase}}, {{PDB2|2dfk}}, {{PDB2|2ngr}}, {{PDB2|2odb}}
| Name = Cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa)
| HGNCid = 1736
| Symbol = CDC42
| AltSymbols =; CDC42Hs; G25K
| OMIM = 116952
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1357
| MGIid = 106211
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CDC42_208728_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CDC42_208727_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_CDC42_210232_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003924 |text = GTPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005525 |text = GTP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030175 |text = filopodium}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001558 |text = regulation of cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007163 |text = establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007264 |text = small GTPase mediated signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030036 |text = actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030225 |text = macrophage differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031274 |text = positive regulation of pseudopodium formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031333 |text = negative regulation of protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051301 |text = cell division}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051318 |text = G1 phase}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 998
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000070831
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001034891
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001039802
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 22235157
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 22292024
| Hs_Uniprot = P60953
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12540
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000006699
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009861
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033991
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 136591778
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 136629755
| Mm_Uniprot = Q99JI7
}}
}}
'''Cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa)''', also known as '''CDC42''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDC42 cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=998| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ramakers GJ |title=Rho proteins, mental retardation and the cellular basis of cognition. |journal=Trends Neurosci. |volume=25 |issue= 4 |pages= 191-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11998687 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CTLA4... {October 29, 2007 6:03:48 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:05:30 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ah1}}, {{PDB2|1i85}}, {{PDB2|1i8l}}
| Name = Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
| HGNCid = 2505
| Symbol = CTLA4
| AltSymbols =; CD152; CELIAC3; CTLA-4; GSE; IDDM12
| OMIM = 123890
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3820
| MGIid = 88556
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CTLA4_221331_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function =
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1493
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000163599
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001129541
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001129541
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 204440756
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 204446928
| Hs_Uniprot = P16410
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12477
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026011
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009843
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033973
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 60853571
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 60860377
| Mm_Uniprot = Q6GTR6
}}
}}
'''Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4''', also known as '''CTLA4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. The protein contains a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and other autoimmune diseases.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1493| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Liossis SN, Sfikakis PP, Tsokos GC |title=Immune cell signaling aberrations in human lupus. |journal=Immunol. Res. |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 27-39 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9724847 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chang TT, Kuchroo VK, Sharpe AH |title=Role of the B7-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in autoimmune disease. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue= |pages= 113-30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826754 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Alizadeh M, Babron MC, Birebent B, ''et al.'' |title=Genetic interaction of CTLA-4 with HLA-DR15 in multiple sclerosis patients. |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=54 |issue= 1 |pages= 119-22 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12838528 |doi= 10.1002/ana.10617 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chistiakov DA, Turakulov RI |title=CTLA-4 and its role in autoimmune thyroid disease. |journal=J. Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 21-36 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12914522 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vaidya B, Pearce S |title=The emerging role of the CTLA-4 gene in autoimmune endocrinopathies. |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=150 |issue= 5 |pages= 619-26 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15132716 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brand O, Gough S, Heward J |title=HLA , CTLA-4 and PTPN22 : the shared genetic master-key to autoimmunity? |journal=Expert reviews in molecular medicine |volume=7 |issue= 23 |pages= 1-15 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16229750 |doi= 10.1017/S1462399405009981 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kavvoura FK, Akamizu T, Awata T, ''et al.'' |title=Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease: a meta-analysis. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=92 |issue= 8 |pages= 3162-70 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17504905 |doi= 10.1210/jc.2007-0147 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CYP19A1... {October 29, 2007 6:05:30 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:08:58 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
| HGNCid = 2594
| Symbol = CYP19A1
| AltSymbols =; ARO; ARO1; CPV1; CYAR; CYP19; MGC104309; P-450AROM
| OMIM = 107910
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30955
| MGIid = 88587
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CYP19A1_203475_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004497 |text = monooxygenase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008402 |text = aromatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009055 |text = electron carrier activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019825 |text = oxygen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0020037 |text = heme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050381 |text = unspecific monooxygenase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005792 |text = microsome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006118 |text = electron transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006694 |text = steroid biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1588
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000137869
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000094
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000103
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 49288964
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 49403413
| Hs_Uniprot = P11511
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13075
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032274
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007810
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031836
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 53964894
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 53991538
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3ZAT3
}}
}}
'''Cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1''', also known as '''CYP19A1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis, three successive hydroxylations of the A ring of androgens. Mutations in this gene can result in either increased or decreased aromatase activity; the associated phenotypes suggest that estrogen functions both as a sex steroid hormone and in growth or differentiation. The gene expresses two transcript variants.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CYP19A1 cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1588| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Chen S |title=Aromatase and breast cancer. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=3 |issue= |pages= d922-33 |year= 2004 |pmid= 9696881 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strobel HW, Thompson CM, Antonovic L |title=Cytochromes P450 in brain: function and significance. |journal=Curr. Drug Metab. |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 199-214 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11469726 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Simpson ER, Clyne C, Rubin G, ''et al.'' |title=Aromatase--a brief overview. |journal=Annu. Rev. Physiol. |volume=64 |issue= |pages= 93-127 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826265 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081601.142703 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bulun SE, Yang S, Fang Z, ''et al.'' |title=Role of aromatase in endometrial disease. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=79 |issue= 1-5 |pages= 19-25 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11850203 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Balthazart J, Baillien M, Ball GF |title=Phosphorylation processes mediate rapid changes of brain aromatase activity. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=79 |issue= 1-5 |pages= 261-77 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11850233 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Richards JA, Petrel TA, Brueggemeier RW |title=Signaling pathways regulating aromatase and cyclooxygenases in normal and malignant breast cells. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=80 |issue= 2 |pages= 203-12 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11897504 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Balthazart J, Baillien M, Ball GF |title=Interactions between aromatase (estrogen synthase) and dopamine in the control of male sexual behavior in quail. |journal=Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=132 |issue= 1 |pages= 37-55 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11997208 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Meinhardt U, Mullis PE |title=The aromatase cytochrome P-450 and its clinical impact. |journal=Horm. Res. |volume=57 |issue= 5-6 |pages= 145-52 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12053085 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carreau S, Bourguiba S, Lambard S, ''et al.'' |title=Reproductive system: aromatase and estrogens. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=193 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 137-43 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12161013 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Meinhardt U, Mullis PE |title=The essential role of the aromatase/p450arom. |journal=Semin. Reprod. Med. |volume=20 |issue= 3 |pages= 277-84 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12428207 |doi= 10.1055/s-2002-35374 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carreau S, Bourguiba S, Lambard S, Galeraud-Denis I |title=[Testicular aromatase] |journal=J. Soc. Biol. |volume=196 |issue= 3 |pages= 241-4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12462076 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carani C, Fabbi M, Zirilli L, Sgarbi I |title=[Estrogen resistance and aromatase deficiency in humans] |journal=J. Soc. Biol. |volume=196 |issue= 3 |pages= 245-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12462077 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kragie L |title=Aromatase in primate pregnancy: a review. |journal=Endocr. Res. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 121-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12489562 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Simpson ER |title=Biology of aromatase in the mammary gland. |journal=Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 251-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14973387 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bulun SE, Takayama K, Suzuki T, ''et al.'' |title=Organization of the human aromatase p450 (CYP19) gene. |journal=Semin. Reprod. Med. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15083376 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-823022 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Simpson ER |title=Aromatase: biologic relevance of tissue-specific expression. |journal=Semin. Reprod. Med. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 11-23 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15083377 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-823023 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bulun SE, Fang Z, Imir G, ''et al.'' |title=Aromatase and endometriosis. |journal=Semin. Reprod. Med. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 45-50 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15083380 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-823026 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shozu M, Murakami K, Inoue M |title=Aromatase and leiomyoma of the uterus. |journal=Semin. Reprod. Med. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 51-60 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15083381 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-823027 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen S, Ye J, Kijima I, ''et al.'' |title=Positive and negative transcriptional regulation of aromatase expression in human breast cancer tissue. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=95 |issue= 1-5 |pages= 17-23 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15955695 |doi= 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lambard S, Silandre D, Delalande C, ''et al.'' |title=Aromatase in testis: expression and role in male reproduction. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=95 |issue= 1-5 |pages= 63-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16019206 |doi= 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.020 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bulun SE, Imir G, Utsunomiya H, ''et al.'' |title=Aromatase in endometriosis and uterine leiomyomata. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=95 |issue= 1-5 |pages= 57-62 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16024248 |doi= 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.012 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lambard S, Carreau S |title=Aromatase and oestrogens in human male germ cells. |journal=Int. J. Androl. |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 254-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16128984 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00546.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ellem SJ, Risbridger GP |title=Aromatase and prostate cancer. |journal=Minerva Endocrinol. |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-12 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16498360 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brueggemeier RW, Díaz-Cruz ES |title=Relationship between aromatase and cyclooxygenases in breast cancer: potential for new therapeutic approaches. |journal=Minerva Endocrinol. |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 13-26 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16498361 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jongen VH, Hollema H, Van Der Zee AG, Heineman MJ |title=Aromatase in the context of breast and endometrial cancer. A review. |journal=Minerva Endocrinol. |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-60 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16498363 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hiltunen M, Iivonen S, Soininen H |title=Aromatase enzyme and Alzheimer's disease. |journal=Minerva Endocrinol. |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 61-73 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16498364 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on DMD... {October 29, 2007 6:08:58 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:12:19 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
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| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dxx}}, {{PDB2|1eg3}}, {{PDB2|1eg4}}
| Name = Dystrophin (muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker types)
| HGNCid = 2928
| Symbol = DMD
| AltSymbols =; BMD; CMD3B; DXS142; DXS164; DXS206; DXS230; DXS239; DXS268; DXS269; DXS270; DXS272
| OMIM = 300377
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20856
| MGIid = 94909
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_DMD_203881_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_DMD_208086_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003779 |text = actin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005198 |text = structural molecule activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005200 |text = structural constituent of cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008307 |text = structural constituent of muscle}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005626 |text = insoluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005792 |text = microsome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016010 |text = dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042383 |text = sarcolemma}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043034 |text = costamere}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045202 |text = synapse}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006936 |text = muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007016 |text = cytoskeletal anchoring}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007519 |text = striated muscle development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043043 |text = peptide biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1756
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000198947
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000100
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000109
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 31047257
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 33267479
| Hs_Uniprot = P11532
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13405
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000045103
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007868
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031894
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 79389349
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 81450263
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TWL4
}}
}}
'''Dystrophin (muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker types)''', also known as '''DMD''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The dystrophin gene is the largest gene found in nature, measuring 2.4 Mb. The gene was identified through a positional cloning approach, targeted at the isolation of the gene responsible for Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) Muscular Dystrophies. DMD is a recessive, fatal, X-linked disorder occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 3,500 new-born males. BMD is a milder allelic form. In general, DMD patients carry mutations which cause premature translation termination (nonsense or frame shift mutations), while in BMD patients dystrophin is reduced either in molecular weight (derived from in-frame deletions) or in expression level. The dystrophin gene is highly complex, containing at least eight independent, tissue-specific promoters and two polyA-addition sites. Furthermore, dystrophin RNA is differentially spliced, producing a range of different transcripts, encoding a large set of protein isoforms. Dystrophin (as encoded by the Dp427 transcripts) is a large, rod-like cytoskeletal protein which is found at the inner surface of muscle fibers. Dystrophin is part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton (F-actin) and the extra-cellular matrix.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DMD dystrophin (muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker types)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1756| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Roberts RG, Gardner RJ, Bobrow M |title=Searching for the 1 in 2,400,000: a review of dystrophin gene point mutations. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7951253 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380040102 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tinsley JM, Blake DJ, Zuellig RA, Davies KE |title=Increasing complexity of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=91 |issue= 18 |pages= 8307-13 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8078878 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blake DJ, Weir A, Newey SE, Davies KE |title=Function and genetics of dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins in muscle. |journal=Physiol. Rev. |volume=82 |issue= 2 |pages= 291-329 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11917091 |doi= 10.1152/physrev.00028.2001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Röper K, Gregory SL, Brown NH |title=The 'spectraplakins': cytoskeletal giants with characteristics of both spectrin and plakin families. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=115 |issue= Pt 22 |pages= 4215-25 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12376554 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Muntoni F, Torelli S, Ferlini A |title=Dystrophin and mutations: one gene, several proteins, multiple phenotypes. |journal=Lancet neurology |volume=2 |issue= 12 |pages= 731-40 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14636778 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haenggi T, Fritschy JM |title=Role of dystrophin and utrophin for assembly and function of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in non-muscle tissue. |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=63 |issue= 14 |pages= 1614-31 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16710609 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-005-5461-0 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on E2F1... {October 29, 2007 6:12:19 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 6:19:20 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E2F1>E2F1</a> {October 29, 2007 6:19:33 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: E2F1 {October 29, 2007 6:19:47 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on EDN1... {October 29, 2007 6:19:47 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:21:13 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Endothelin 1
| HGNCid = 3176
| Symbol = EDN1
| AltSymbols =; ET1
| OMIM = 131240
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1476
| MGIid = 95283
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_EDN1_218995_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031707 |text = endothelin A receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001569 |text = patterning of blood vessels}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001666 |text = response to hypoxia}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001701 |text = in utero embryonic development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006885 |text = regulation of pH}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007205 |text = protein kinase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007507 |text = heart development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007585 |text = respiratory gaseous exchange}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007589 |text = fluid secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008217 |text = blood pressure regulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009405 |text = pathogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009953 |text = dorsal/ventral pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0014032 |text = neural crest cell development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015758 |text = glucose transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019229 |text = regulation of vasoconstriction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030146 |text = diuresis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030147 |text = natriuresis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030818 |text = negative regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031583 |text = G-protein signaling, phospholipase D activating pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042474 |text = middle ear morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043179 |text = rhythmic excitation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045987 |text = positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048514 |text = blood vessel morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051216 |text = cartilage development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051482 |text = elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1906
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000078401
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001946
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001955
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 12398582
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 12405413
| Hs_Uniprot = P05305
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13614
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021367
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010104
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034234
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 42312448
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 42318962
| Mm_Uniprot = Q544E0
}}
}}
'''Endothelin 1''', also known as '''EDN1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Bruno CM, Neri S, Di Prima P, Sciacca C |title=Pathophysiology of endothelin and medical emergencies. |journal=Panminerva medica |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 151-4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12855940 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Doggrell SA |title=The endothelin system and its role in acute myocardial infarction. |journal=Expert Opin. Ther. Targets |volume=8 |issue= 3 |pages= 191-201 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15161426 |doi= 10.1517/14728222.8.3.191 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beghetti M, Black SM, Fineman JR |title=Endothelin-1 in congenital heart disease. |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=57 |issue= 5 Pt 2 |pages= 16R-20R |year= 2005 |pmid= 15817494 |doi= 10.1203/01.PDR.0000160447.83332.13 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cazaubon S, Deshayes F, Couraud PO, Nahmias C |title=[Endothelin-1, angiotensin II and cancer] |journal=Med Sci (Paris) |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 416-22 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16597412 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ariza AC, Bobadilla NA, Halhali A |title=[Endothelin 1 and angiotensin II in preeeclampsia] |journal=Rev. Invest. Clin. |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 48-56 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17569300 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on F5... {October 29, 2007 6:21:13 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:25:10 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1czs}}, {{PDB2|1czt}}, {{PDB2|1czv}}
| Name = Coagulation factor V (proaccelerin, labile factor)
| HGNCid = 3542
| Symbol = F5
| AltSymbols =; FVL; PCCF; factor V
| OMIM = 227400
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 104
| MGIid = 88382
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_F5_204714_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_F5_204713_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016491 |text = oxidoreductase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2153
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000198734
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000121
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000130
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 167750028
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 167822450
| Hs_Uniprot = P12259
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14067
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026579
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007976
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032002
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 165988633
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 166056227
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Coagulation factor V (proaccelerin, labile factor)''', also known as '''F5''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes coagulation factor V which is an essential factor of the blood coagulation cascade. This factor circulates in plasma, and is converted to the active form by the release of the activation peptide by thrombin during coagulation. This generates a heavy chain and a light chain which are held together by calcium ions. The active factor V is a cofactor that participates with activated coagulation factor X to activate prothrombin to thrombin. Defects in this gene result in either an autosomal recessive hemorrhagic diathesis or an autosomal dominant form of thrombophilia, which is known as activated protein C resistance.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: F5 coagulation factor V (proaccelerin, labile factor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2153| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Hooper WC, De Staercke C |title=The relationship between FV Leiden and pulmonary embolism. |journal=Respir. Res. |volume=3 |issue= |pages= 8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 11806843 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schrijver I, Houissa-Kastally R, Jones CD, ''et al.'' |title=Novel factor V C2-domain mutation (R2074H) in two families with factor V deficiency and bleeding. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=87 |issue= 2 |pages= 294-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11858490 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mann KG, Kalafatis M |title=Factor V: a combination of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. |journal=Blood |volume=101 |issue= 1 |pages= 20-30 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12393635 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0290 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Duga S, Asselta R, Tenchini ML |title=Coagulation factor V. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=36 |issue= 8 |pages= 1393-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15147718 |doi= 10.1016/j.biocel.2003.08.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Andreassi MG, Botto N, Maffei S |title=Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A substitution and hormone therapy: indications for molecular screening. |journal=Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. |volume=44 |issue= 5 |pages= 514-21 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16681418 |doi= 10.1515/CCLM.2006.103 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Du X |title=Signaling and regulation of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex. |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=14 |issue= 3 |pages= 262-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17414217 |doi= 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280dce51a }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on F8... {October 29, 2007 6:25:10 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:27:29 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1d7p}}, {{PDB2|1iqd}}
| Name = Coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component (hemophilia A)
| HGNCid = 3546
| Symbol = F8
| AltSymbols =; AHF; DXS1253E; F8 protein; F8B; F8C; FVIII; HEMA
| OMIM = 306700
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 49153
| MGIid = 88383
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_F8_205756_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016491 |text = oxidoreductase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006953 |text = acute-phase response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2157
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000185010
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000123
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000132
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 153717263
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 153904192
| Hs_Uniprot = P00451
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14069
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031196
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007977
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032003
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 71425575
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 71635036
| Mm_Uniprot = Q684Q7
}}
}}
'''Coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component (hemophilia A)''', also known as '''F8''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes coagulation factor VIII, which participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation; factor VIII is a cofactor for factor IXa which, in the presence of Ca+2 and phospholipids, converts factor X to the activated form Xa. This gene produces two alternatively spliced transcripts. Transcript variant 1 encodes a large glycoprotein, isoform a, which circulates in plasma and associates with von Willebrand factor in a noncovalent complex. This protein undergoes multiple cleavage events. Transcript variant 2 encodes a putative small protein, isoform b, which consists primarily of the phospholipid binding domain of factor VIIIc. This binding domain is essential for coagulant activity. Defects in this gene results in hemophilia A, a common recessive X-linked coagulation disorder.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: F8 coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component (hemophilia A)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2157| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Gitschier J |title=The molecular basis of hemophilia A. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=614 |issue= |pages= 89-96 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1902642 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=White GC, Shoemaker CB |title=Factor VIII gene and hemophilia A. |journal=Blood |volume=73 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-12 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2491949 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Antonarakis SE, Kazazian HH, Tuddenham EG |title=Molecular etiology of factor VIII deficiency in hemophilia A. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=5 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-22 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7728145 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380050102 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lenting PJ, van Mourik JA, Mertens K |title=The life cycle of coagulation factor VIII in view of its structure and function. |journal=Blood |volume=92 |issue= 11 |pages= 3983-96 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9834200 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Saenko EL, Ananyeva N, Kouiavskaia D, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular defects in coagulation Factor VIII and their impact on Factor VIII function. |journal=Vox Sang. |volume=83 |issue= 2 |pages= 89-96 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12201837 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lollar P |title=Molecular characterization of the immune response to factor VIII. |journal=Vox Sang. |volume=83 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages= 403-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12617176 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fay PJ |title=Activation of factor VIII and mechanisms of cofactor action. |journal=Blood Rev. |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14684146 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lavigne-Lissalde G, Schved JF, Granier C, Villard S |title=Anti-factor VIII antibodies: a 2005 update. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=94 |issue= 4 |pages= 760-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16270627 |doi= 10.1160/TH05-04-0760 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fang H, Wang L, Wang H |title=The protein structure and effect of factor VIII. |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=119 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-13 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16487577 |doi= 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.12.015 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on FGF2... {October 29, 2007 6:27:29 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:28:41 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bas}}, {{PDB2|1bfb}}, {{PDB2|1bfc}}, {{PDB2|1bff}}, {{PDB2|1bfg}}, {{PDB2|1bla}}, {{PDB2|1bld}}, {{PDB2|1cvs}}, {{PDB2|1ev2}}, {{PDB2|1fga}}, {{PDB2|1fq9}}, {{PDB2|1ii4}}, {{PDB2|1iil}}, {{PDB2|2bfh}}, {{PDB2|2fgf}}, {{PDB2|4fgf}}
| Name = Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)
| HGNCid = 3676
| Symbol = FGF2
| AltSymbols =; BFGF; FGFB; HBGH-2
| OMIM = 134920
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1521
| MGIid = 95516
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FGF2_204422_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_FGF2_204421_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000186 |text = activation of MAPKK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001525 |text = angiogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001759 |text = induction of an organ}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001934 |text = positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007265 |text = Ras protein signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007517 |text = muscle development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010001 |text = glial cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030324 |text = lung development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045597 |text = positive regulation of cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046668 |text = regulation of retinal programmed cell death}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2247
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000138685
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001997
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002006
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 123967313
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 124038840
| Hs_Uniprot = P09038
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14173
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000037225
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008006
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032032
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 37540399
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 37596346
| Mm_Uniprot = Q541T2
}}
}}
'''Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)''', also known as '''FGF2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members bind heparin and possess broad mitogenic and angiogenic activities. This protein has been implicated in diverse biological processes, such as limb and nervous system development, wound healing, and tumor growth. The mRNA for this gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites, and is alternatively translated from AUG and non-AUG (CUG) initiation codons resulting in five different isoforms with distinct properties. The CUG-initiated isoforms are localized in the nucleus and are responsible for the intracrine effect, whereas, the AUG-initiated form is mostly cytosolic and is responsible for the paracrine and autocrine effects of this FGF.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2247| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ornitz DM, Itoh N |title=Fibroblast growth factors. |journal=Genome Biol. |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= REVIEWS3005 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11276432 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Orpana A, Salven P |title=Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic molecules in hematological malignancies. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=43 |issue= 2 |pages= 219-24 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11999550 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marie PJ, Debiais F, Haÿ E |title=Regulation of human cranial osteoblast phenotype by FGF-2, FGFR-2 and BMP-2 signaling. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=17 |issue= 3 |pages= 877-85 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168799 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vincent T, Saklatvala J |title=Basic fibroblast growth factor: an extracellular mechanotransducer in articular cartilage? |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=34 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 456-7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16709186 |doi= 10.1042/BST0340456 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ribatti D, Vacca A, Rusnati M, Presta M |title=The discovery of basic fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor-2 and its role in haematological malignancies. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=18 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 327-34 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17537668 |doi= 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.011 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on GHRL... {October 29, 2007 8:16:18 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:16:33 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Ghrelin/obestatin preprohormone
| HGNCid = 18129
| Symbol = GHRL
| AltSymbols =; MTLRP; ghrelin; obestatin
| OMIM = 605353
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 9487
| MGIid = 1930008
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016608 |text = growth hormone-releasing hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031768 |text = ghrelin receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008343 |text = adult feeding behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009755 |text = hormone-mediated signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030252 |text = growth hormone secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032100 |text = positive regulation of appetite}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040018 |text = positive regulation of body size}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 51738
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000157017
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_057446
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_016362
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 10302434
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 10307535
| Hs_Uniprot = Q9UBU3
| Mm_EntrezGene = 58991
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000064177
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_021488
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_067463
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 113681896
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 113685657
| Mm_Uniprot = Q9EQX0
}}
}}
'''Ghrelin/obestatin preprohormone''', also known as '''GHRL''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR; MIM 601898) and is involved in regulating growth hormone (GH; MIM 139250) release. Ghrelin is derived from a preprohormone called preproghrelin, which also generates a second peptide called obestatin. Obestatin is an endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 (MIM 602886) and is involved in satiety and decreased food intake.[supplied by OMIM]<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GHRL ghrelin/obestatin preprohormone| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51738| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kojima M, Hosoda H, Matsuo H, Kangawa K |title=Ghrelin: discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. |journal=Trends Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=12 |issue= 3 |pages= 118-22 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11306336 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gualillo O, Lago F, Gómez-Reino J, ''et al.'' |title=Ghrelin, a widespread hormone: insights into molecular and cellular regulation of its expression and mechanism of action. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=552 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 105-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14527669 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stenvinkel P, Pecoits-Filho R, Lindholm B |title=Leptin, ghrelin, and proinflammatory cytokines: compounds with nutritional impact in chronic kidney disease? |journal=Advances in renal replacement therapy |volume=10 |issue= 4 |pages= 332-45 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14681862 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Seoane LM, Lage M, Al-Massadi O, ''et al.'' |title=[Role of ghrelin in the pathophysiology of eating behaviour] |journal=Revista de medicina de la Universidad de Navarra |volume=48 |issue= 2 |pages= 11-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15382608 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on GJB2... {October 29, 2007 6:28:41 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:29:36 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Gap junction protein, beta 2, 26kDa
| HGNCid = 4284
| Symbol = GJB2
| AltSymbols =; KID; CX26; DFNA3; DFNB1; HID; NSRD1; PPK
| OMIM = 121011
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 2975
| MGIid = 95720
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015285 |text = gap-junction channel activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005922 |text = connexon complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2706
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000165474
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003995
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004004
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 19659609
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 19665037
| Hs_Uniprot = P29033
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14619
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000046352
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008125
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032151
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 56052721
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 56058775
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TZE5
}}
}}
'''Gap junction protein, beta 2, 26kDa''', also known as '''GJB2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Gap junctions were first characterized by electron microscopy as regionally specialized structures on plasma membranes of contacting adherent cells. These structures were shown to consist of cell-to-cell channels. Proteins, called connexins, purified from fractions of enriched gap junctions from different tissues differ. The connexins are designated by their molecular mass. Another system of nomenclature divides gap junction proteins into 2 categories, alpha and beta, according to sequence similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. For example, CX43 (MIM 121014) is designated alpha-1 gap junction protein, whereas CX32 (GJB1; MIM 304040) and CX26 are called beta-1 and beta-2 gap junction proteins, respectively. This nomenclature emphasizes that CX32 and CX26 are more homologous to each other than either of them is to CX43.[supplied by OMIM]<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GJB2 gap junction protein, beta 2, 26kDa| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2706| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kenneson A, Van Naarden Braun K, Boyle C |title=GJB2 (connexin 26) variants and nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss: a HuGE review. |journal=Genet. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 4 |pages= 258-74 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12172392 |doi= 10.1097/01.GIM.0000020750.60733.CA }}
*{{cite journal | author=Thalmann R, Henzl MT, Killick R, ''et al.'' |title=Toward an understanding of cochlear homeostasis: the impact of location and the role of OCP1 and OCP2. |journal=Acta Otolaryngol. |volume=123 |issue= 2 |pages= 203-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12701741 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yotsumoto S, Hashiguchi T, Chen X, ''et al.'' |title=Novel mutations in GJB2 encoding connexin-26 in Japanese patients with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome. |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=148 |issue= 4 |pages= 649-53 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12752120 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Apps SA, Rankin WA, Kurmis AP |title=Connexin 26 mutations in autosomal recessive deafness disorders: a review. |journal=International journal of audiology |volume=46 |issue= 2 |pages= 75-81 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17365058 |doi= 10.1080/14992020600582190 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Welch KO, Marin RS, Pandya A, Arnos KS |title=Compound heterozygosity for dominant and recessive GJB2 mutations: effect on phenotype and review of the literature. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. A |volume=143 |issue= 14 |pages= 1567-73 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17431919 |doi= 10.1002/ajmg.a.31701 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on GSTM1... {October 29, 2007 6:29:36 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:32:08 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1gtu}}, {{PDB2|1xw6}}, {{PDB2|1xwk}}, {{PDB2|1yj6}}, {{PDB2|2f3m}}
| Name = Glutathione S-transferase M1
| HGNCid = 4632
| Symbol = GSTM1
| AltSymbols =; GST1; GSTM1-1; GSTM1a-1a; GSTM1b-1b; GTH4; GTM1; H-B; MGC26563; MU; MU-1
| OMIM = 138350
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 84561
| MGIid = 95861
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GSTM1_204418_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_GSTM1_204550_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_GSTM1_215333_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004364 |text = glutathione transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2944
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000134184
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000552
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000561
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 110031965
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 110037890
| Hs_Uniprot = P09488
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14863
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008183
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032209
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Glutathione S-transferase M1''', also known as '''GSTM1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Null mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with an increase in a number of cancers, likely due to an increased susceptibility to environmental toxins and carcinogens. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GSTM1 glutathione S-transferase M1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2944| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Engel LS, Taioli E, Pfeiffer R, ''et al.'' |title=Pooled analysis and meta-analysis of glutathione S-transferase M1 and bladder cancer: a HuGE review. |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=156 |issue= 2 |pages= 95-109 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12117698 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on GSTP1... {October 29, 2007 6:32:08 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:32:48 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|10gs}}, {{PDB2|11gs}}, {{PDB2|12gs}}, {{PDB2|13gs}}, {{PDB2|14gs}}, {{PDB2|16gs}}, {{PDB2|17gs}}, {{PDB2|18gs}}, {{PDB2|19gs}}, {{PDB2|1aqv}}, {{PDB2|1aqw}}, {{PDB2|1aqx}}, {{PDB2|1eog}}, {{PDB2|1eoh}}, {{PDB2|1gss}}, {{PDB2|1kbn}}, {{PDB2|1lbk}}, {{PDB2|1md3}}, {{PDB2|1md4}}, {{PDB2|1pgt}}, {{PDB2|1px6}}, {{PDB2|1px7}}, {{PDB2|1zgn}}, {{PDB2|20gs}}, {{PDB2|21gs}}, {{PDB2|22gs}}, {{PDB2|2a2r}}, {{PDB2|2a2s}}, {{PDB2|2gss}}, {{PDB2|2j9h}}, {{PDB2|2pgt}}, {{PDB2|3gss}}, {{PDB2|3pgt}}, {{PDB2|4gss}}, {{PDB2|4pgt}}, {{PDB2|5gss}}, {{PDB2|6gss}}, {{PDB2|7gss}}, {{PDB2|8gss}}, {{PDB2|9gss}}
| Name = Glutathione S-transferase pi
| HGNCid = 4638
| Symbol = GSTP1
| AltSymbols =; DFN7; FAEES3; GST3; PI
| OMIM = 134660
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 660
| MGIid = 95864
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GSTP1_200824_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004364 |text = glutathione transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007417 |text = central nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2950
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000084207
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000843
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000852
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 67108171
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 67110701
| Hs_Uniprot = P09211
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14869
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000038155
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_181796
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_861461
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 4040294
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 4042221
| Mm_Uniprot = P46425
}}
}}
'''Glutathione S-transferase pi''', also known as '''GSTP1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione. Based on their biochemical, immunologic, and structural properties, the soluble GSTs are categorized into 4 main classes: alpha, mu, pi, and theta. The glutathione S-transferase pi gene (GSTP1) is a polymorphic gene encoding active, functionally different GSTP1 variant proteins that are thought to function in xenobiotic metabolism and play a role in susceptibility to cancer, and other diseases.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GSTP1 glutathione S-transferase pi| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2950| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Strange RC, Fryer AA |title=The glutathione S-transferases: influence of polymorphism on cancer susceptibility. |journal=IARC Sci. Publ. |volume= |issue= 148 |pages= 231-49 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10493261 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kellen E, Hemelt M, Broberg K, ''et al.'' |title=Pooled analysis and meta-analysis of the glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile 105Val polymorphism and bladder cancer: a HuGE-GSEC review. |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=165 |issue= 11 |pages= 1221-30 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17404387 |doi= 10.1093/aje/kwm003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sekine I, Minna JD, Nishio K, ''et al.'' |title=A literature review of molecular markers predictive of clinical response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. |journal=Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer |volume=1 |issue= 1 |pages= 31-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17409824 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on HDAC1... {October 29, 2007 6:32:48 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:33:49 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Histone deacetylase 1
| HGNCid = 4852
| Symbol = HDAC1
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686H12203; GON-10; HD1; RPD3; RPD3L1
| OMIM = 601241
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 68426
| MGIid = 108086
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HDAC1_201209_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004407 |text = histone deacetylase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019899 |text = enzyme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000118 |text = histone deacetylase complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016568 |text = chromatin modification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016575 |text = histone deacetylation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3065
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000116478
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004955
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004964
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 32530274
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 32571823
| Hs_Uniprot = Q13547
| Mm_EntrezGene = 433759
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008228
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032254
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Histone deacetylase 1''', also known as '''HDAC1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family and is a component of the histone deacetylase complex. It also interacts with retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein and this complex is a key element in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Together with metastasis-associated protein-2, it deacetylates p53 and modulates its effect on cell growth and apoptosis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HDAC1 histone deacetylase 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3065| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Wolffe AP |title=Histone deacetylase: a regulator of transcription. |journal=Science |volume=272 |issue= 5260 |pages= 371-2 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8602525 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ahringer J |title=NuRD and SIN3 histone deacetylase complexes in development. |journal=Trends Genet. |volume=16 |issue= 8 |pages= 351-6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10904264 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Verdin E, Dequiedt F, Kasler HG |title=Class II histone deacetylases: versatile regulators. |journal=Trends Genet. |volume=19 |issue= 5 |pages= 286-93 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12711221 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhang Y, Dufau ML |title=Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=85 |issue= 2-5 |pages= 401-14 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12943729 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on HFE... {October 29, 2007 6:33:49 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:40:16 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a6z}}, {{PDB2|1de4}}
| Name = Hemochromatosis
| HGNCid = 4886
| Symbol = HFE
| AltSymbols =; HH; HFE1; HLA-H; MGC103790; dJ221C16.10.1
| OMIM = 235200
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 88330
| MGIid = 109191
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HFE_211330_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HFE_206086_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_HFE_206087_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042612 |text = MHC class I protein complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002474 |text = antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006826 |text = iron ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006879 |text = cellular iron ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006898 |text = receptor-mediated endocytosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019882 |text = antigen processing and presentation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3077
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000010704
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000401
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000410
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 26195427
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 26205035
| Hs_Uniprot = Q30201
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15216
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000006611
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010424
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034554
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 23709504
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 23718276
| Mm_Uniprot = Q5SZ88
}}
}}
'''Hemochromatosis''', also known as '''HFE''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that is similar to MHC class I-type proteins and associates with beta2-microglobulin (beta2M). It is thought that this protein functions to regulate iron absorption by regulating the interaction of the transferrin receptor with transferrin. The iron storage disorder, hereditary haemochromatosis, is a recessive genetic disorder that results from defects in this gene. At least eleven alternatively spliced variants have been described for this gene. Additional variants have been found but their full-length nature has not been determined.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HFE hemochromatosis| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3077| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Dorak MT, Burnett AK, Worwood M |title=Hemochromatosis gene in leukemia and lymphoma. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=43 |issue= 3 |pages= 467-77 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12002748 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beutler E |title=The HFE Cys282Tyr mutation as a necessary but not sufficient cause of clinical hereditary hemochromatosis. |journal=Blood |volume=101 |issue= 9 |pages= 3347-50 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12707220 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1747 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ombiga J, Adams LA, Tang K, ''et al.'' |title=Screening for HFE and iron overload. |journal=Semin. Liver Dis. |volume=25 |issue= 4 |pages= 402-10 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16315134 |doi= 10.1055/s-2005-923312 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Distante S |title=Genetic predisposition to iron overload: prevalence and phenotypic expression of hemochromatosis-associated HFE-C282Y gene mutation. |journal=Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. |volume=66 |issue= 2 |pages= 83-100 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16537242 |doi= 10.1080/00365510500495616 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zamboni P, Gemmati D |title=Clinical implications of gene polymorphisms in venous leg ulcer: a model in tissue injury and reparative process. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=98 |issue= 1 |pages= 131-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17598005 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on HLA-G... {October 29, 2007 6:40:16 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 6:42:40 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HLA-G>HLA-G</a> {October 29, 2007 6:42:47 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: HLA-G {October 29, 2007 6:43:02 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on HMOX1... {October 29, 2007 6:43:02 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:43:37 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1n3u}}, {{PDB2|1n45}}, {{PDB2|1ni6}}, {{PDB2|1oyk}}, {{PDB2|1oyl}}, {{PDB2|1oze}}, {{PDB2|1ozl}}, {{PDB2|1ozr}}, {{PDB2|1ozw}}, {{PDB2|1s13}}, {{PDB2|1s8c}}, {{PDB2|1t5p}}, {{PDB2|1twn}}, {{PDB2|1twr}}, {{PDB2|1xjz}}, {{PDB2|1xk0}}, {{PDB2|1xk1}}, {{PDB2|1xk2}}, {{PDB2|1xk3}}
| Name = Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1
| HGNCid = 5013
| Symbol = HMOX1
| AltSymbols =; HO-1; bK286B10
| OMIM = 141250
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 31075
| MGIid = 96163
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HMOX1_203665_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004392 |text = heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016491 |text = oxidoreductase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005792 |text = microsome}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006788 |text = heme oxidation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050896 |text = response to stimulus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3162
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000100292
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002124
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002133
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 22
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 34107057
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 34120172
| Hs_Uniprot = P09601
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15368
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000005413
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010442
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034572
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 77989694
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 77996661
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3U5H8
}}
}}
'''Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1''', also known as '''HMOX1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Heme oxygenase, an essential enzyme in heme catabolism, cleaves heme to form biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase, and carbon monoxide, a putative neurotransmitter. Heme oxygenase activity is induced by its substrate heme and by various nonheme substances. Heme oxygenase occurs as 2 isozymes, an inducible heme oxygenase-1 and a constitutive heme oxygenase-2. HMOX1 and HMOX2 belong to the heme oxygenase family.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HMOX1 heme oxygenase (decycling) 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3162| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Soares MP, Brouard S, Smith RN, Bach FH |title=Heme oxygenase-1, a protective gene that prevents the rejection of transplanted organs. |journal=Immunol. Rev. |volume=184 |issue= |pages= 275-85 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12086318 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Morse D, Choi AM |title=Heme oxygenase-1: the "emerging molecule" has arrived. |journal=Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. |volume=27 |issue= 1 |pages= 8-16 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12091240 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Buelow R, Tullius SG, Volk HD |title=Protection of grafts by hemoxygenase-1 and its toxic product carbon monoxide. |journal=Am. J. Transplant. |volume=1 |issue= 4 |pages= 313-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12099373 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ishikawa K |title=Heme oxygenase-1 against vascular insufficiency: roles of atherosclerotic disorders. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=9 |issue= 30 |pages= 2489-97 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14529548 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Exner M, Minar E, Wagner O, Schillinger M |title=The role of heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphisms in human disease. |journal=Free Radic. Biol. Med. |volume=37 |issue= 8 |pages= 1097-104 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15451051 |doi= 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.07.008 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ozono R |title=New biotechnological methods to reduce oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system: focusing on the Bach1/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. |journal=Current pharmaceutical biotechnology |volume=7 |issue= 2 |pages= 87-93 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16724942 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tracz MJ, Alam J, Nath KA |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of heme: implications for kidney disease. |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=18 |issue= 2 |pages= 414-20 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17229906 |doi= 10.1681/ASN.2006080894 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hill-Kapturczak N, Agarwal A |title=Haem oxygenase-1--a culprit in vascular and renal damage? |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=22 |issue= 6 |pages= 1495-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17389623 |doi= 10.1093/ndt/gfm093 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on HSP90AA1... {October 29, 2007 6:43:37 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:45:50 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1byq}}, {{PDB2|1osf}}, {{PDB2|1uy6}}, {{PDB2|1uy7}}, {{PDB2|1uy8}}, {{PDB2|1uy9}}, {{PDB2|1uyc}}, {{PDB2|1uyd}}, {{PDB2|1uye}}, {{PDB2|1uyf}}, {{PDB2|1uyg}}, {{PDB2|1uyh}}, {{PDB2|1uyi}}, {{PDB2|1uyk}}, {{PDB2|1uyl}}, {{PDB2|1uym}}, {{PDB2|1yc1}}, {{PDB2|1yc3}}, {{PDB2|1yc4}}, {{PDB2|1yer}}, {{PDB2|1yes}}, {{PDB2|1yet}}, {{PDB2|2bsm}}, {{PDB2|2bt0}}, {{PDB2|2byh}}, {{PDB2|2byi}}, {{PDB2|2bz5}}, {{PDB2|2ccs}}, {{PDB2|2cct}}, {{PDB2|2ccu}}, {{PDB2|2cdd}}, {{PDB2|2fwy}}, {{PDB2|2fwz}}, {{PDB2|2h55}}, {{PDB2|2uwd}}
| Name = Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1
| HGNCid = 5253
| Symbol = HSP90AA1
| AltSymbols =; FLJ31884; HSP86; HSP90A; HSP90N; HSPC1; HSPCA; HSPCAL1; HSPCAL4; HSPN; Hsp89; Hsp90; LAP2
| OMIM = 140571
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 68464
| MGIid = 96250
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HSP90AA1_211969_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HSP90AA1_210211_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_HSP90AA1_211968_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030235 |text = nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030911 |text = TPR domain binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051082 |text = unfolded protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006457 |text = protein folding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006839 |text = mitochondrial transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006986 |text = response to unfolded protein}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008150 |text = biological_process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042026 |text = protein refolding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045429 |text = positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3320
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000080824
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001017963
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001017963
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 101617139
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 101675776
| Hs_Uniprot = P07900
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15519
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021270
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010480
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034610
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 111139347
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 111143487
| Mm_Uniprot = A0PJ91
}}
}}
'''Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1''', also known as '''HSP90AA1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Csermely P, Schnaider T, Soti C, ''et al.'' |title=The 90-kDa molecular chaperone family: structure, function, and clinical applications. A comprehensive review. |journal=Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=79 |issue= 2 |pages= 129-68 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9749880 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Young JC, Moarefi I, Hartl FU |title=Hsp90: a specialized but essential protein-folding tool. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=154 |issue= 2 |pages= 267-73 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11470816 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hamblin AD, Hamblin TJ |title=Functional and prognostic role of ZAP-70 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. |journal=Expert Opin. Ther. Targets |volume=9 |issue= 6 |pages= 1165-78 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16300468 |doi= 10.1517/14728222.9.6.1165 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lattouf JB, Srinivasan R, Pinto PA, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanisms of disease: the role of heat-shock protein 90 in genitourinary malignancy. |journal=Nature clinical practice. Urology |volume=3 |issue= 11 |pages= 590-601 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17088927 |doi= 10.1038/ncpuro0604 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on IGF1R... {October 29, 2007 6:45:50 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:47:23 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1igr}}, {{PDB2|1jqh}}, {{PDB2|1k3a}}, {{PDB2|1m7n}}, {{PDB2|1p4o}}, {{PDB2|2oj9}}
| Name = Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
| HGNCid = 5465
| Symbol = IGF1R
| AltSymbols =; CD221; IGFIR; JTK13; MGC142170; MGC142172; MGC18216
| OMIM = 147370
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30997
| MGIid = 96433
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IGF1R_203627_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_IGF1R_203628_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005006 |text = epidermal growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005010 |text = insulin-like growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005520 |text = insulin-like growth factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043548 |text = phosphoinositide 3-kinase binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043560 |text = insulin receptor substrate binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007420 |text = brain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008286 |text = insulin receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030238 |text = male sex determination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046777 |text = protein amino acid autophosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048009 |text = insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051262 |text = protein tetramerization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3480
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000140443
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000866
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000875
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 97010302
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 97319034
| Hs_Uniprot = P08069
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16001
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000005533
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010513
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034643
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 67826372
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 68100293
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3U1L4
}}
}}
'''Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor''', also known as '''IGF1R''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This receptor binds insulin-like growth factor with a high affinity. It has tyrosine kinase activity. The insulin-like growth factor I receptor plays a critical role in transformation events. Cleavage of the precursor generates alpha and beta subunits. It is highly overexpressed in most malignant tissues where it functions as an anti-apoptotic agent by enhancing cell survival.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IGF1R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3480| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Benito M, Valverde AM, Lorenzo M |title=IGF-I: a mitogen also involved in differentiation processes in mammalian cells. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 499-510 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8697095 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Butler AA, Yakar S, Gewolb IH, ''et al.'' |title=Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signal transduction: at the interface between physiology and cell biology. |journal=Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=121 |issue= 1 |pages= 19-26 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9972281 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhang X, Yee D |title=Tyrosine kinase signalling in breast cancer: insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in breast cancer. |journal=Breast Cancer Res. |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 170-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11250706 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gross JM, Yee D |title=The type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and breast cancer: biology and therapeutic relevance. |journal=Cancer Metastasis Rev. |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 327-36 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12884909 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Adams TE, McKern NM, Ward CW |title=Signalling by the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor: interplay with the epidermal growth factor receptor. |journal=Growth Factors |volume=22 |issue= 2 |pages= 89-95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15253384 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Surmacz E, Bartucci M |title=Role of estrogen receptor alpha in modulating IGF-I receptor signaling and function in breast cancer. |journal=J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=23 |issue= 3 |pages= 385-94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15595626 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wood AW, Duan C, Bern HA |title=Insulin-like growth factor signaling in fish. |journal=Int. Rev. Cytol. |volume=243 |issue= |pages= 215-85 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15797461 |doi= 10.1016/S0074-7696(05)43004-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sarfstein R, Maor S, Reizner N, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptional regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor gene in breast cancer. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=252 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 241-6 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16647191 |doi= 10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.018 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on IGFBP3... {October 29, 2007 6:47:24 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:49:05 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
| HGNCid = 5472
| Symbol = IGFBP3
| AltSymbols =; BP-53; IBP3
| OMIM = 146732
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 500
| MGIid = 96438
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005520 |text = insulin-like growth factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008160 |text = protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001558 |text = regulation of cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009968 |text = negative regulation of signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043065 |text = positive regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045663 |text = positive regulation of myoblast differentiation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3486
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000146674
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000589
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000598
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 45918375
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 45927396
| Hs_Uniprot = P17936
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16009
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020427
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001001532
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001001532
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 7106098
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 7113909
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UR87
}}
}}
'''Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3''', also known as '''IGFBP3''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family and encodes a protein with an IGFBP domain and a thyroglobulin type-I domain. The protein forms a ternary complex with insulin-like growth factor acid-labile subunit (IGFALS) and either insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I or II. In this form, it circulates in the plasma, prolonging the half-life of IGFs and altering their interaction with cell surface receptors. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IGFBP3 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3486| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Rajaram S, Baylink DJ, Mohan S |title=Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in serum and other biological fluids: regulation and functions. |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=18 |issue= 6 |pages= 801-31 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9408744 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ferry RJ, Cerri RW, Cohen P |title=Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: new proteins, new functions. |journal=Horm. Res. |volume=51 |issue= 2 |pages= 53-67 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10352394 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schedlich LJ, Graham LD |title=Role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in breast cancer cell growth. |journal=Microsc. Res. Tech. |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 12-22 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12242693 |doi= 10.1002/jemt.10173 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Adham IM, Agoulnik AI |title=Insulin-like 3 signalling in testicular descent. |journal=Int. J. Androl. |volume=27 |issue= 5 |pages= 257-65 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15379965 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2004.00481.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on IL18... {October 29, 2007 6:49:42 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:50:30 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1j0s}}
| Name = Interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)
| HGNCid = 5986
| Symbol = IL18
| AltSymbols =; IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4; MGC12320
| OMIM = 600953
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1200
| MGIid = 107936
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL18_206295_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005149 |text = interleukin-1 receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001525 |text = angiogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008625 |text = induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030155 |text = regulation of cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030431 |text = sleep}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042033 |text = chemokine biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042088 |text = T-helper 1 type immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042092 |text = T-helper 2 type immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042094 |text = interleukin-2 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042095 |text = interferon-gamma biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042104 |text = positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042231 |text = interleukin-13 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042253 |text = granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3606
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000150782
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001553
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001562
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 111519186
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 111540050
| Hs_Uniprot = Q14116
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16173
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000039217
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008360
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032386
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 50327503
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 50334067
| Mm_Uniprot = A0PJ18
}}
}}
'''Interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)''', also known as '''IL18''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. This cytokine can induce the IFN-gamma production of T cells. The combination of this cytokine and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production, and enhance IgG2a production of B cells. IL-18 binding protein (IL18BP) can specifically interact with this cytokine, and thus negatively regulate its biological activity.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL18 interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3606| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Biet F, Locht C, Kremer L |title=Immunoregulatory functions of interleukin 18 and its role in defense against bacterial pathogens. |journal=J. Mol. Med. |volume=80 |issue= 3 |pages= 147-62 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11894141 |doi= 10.1007/s00109-001-0307-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakanishi K |title=[Regulation of Th1 and Th2 immune responses by IL-18] |journal=Kekkaku |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 87-93 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11905033 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reddy P, Ferrara JL |title=Role of interleukin-18 in acute graft-vs-host disease. |journal=J. Lab. Clin. Med. |volume=141 |issue= 6 |pages= 365-71 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12819633 |doi= 10.1016/S0022-2143(03)00028-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kanai T, Uraushihara K, Totsuka T, ''et al.'' |title=Macrophage-derived IL-18 targeting for the treatment of Crohn's disease. |journal=Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 131-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14561165 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Nakanishi K |title=Pathophysiological roles for IL-18 in inflammatory arthritis. |journal=Expert Opin. Ther. Targets |volume=7 |issue= 6 |pages= 701-24 |year= 2005 |pmid= 14640907 |doi= 10.1517/14728222.7.6.701 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K |title=Roles of IL-18 in basophils and mast cells. |journal=Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology |volume=55 |issue= 2 |pages= 105-13 |year= 2006 |pmid= 17075246 |doi= 10.2332/allergolint.55.105 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Orozco A, Gemmell E, Bickel M, Seymour GJ |title=Interleukin 18 and periodontal disease. |journal=J. Dent. Res. |volume=86 |issue= 7 |pages= 586-93 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17586702 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on IL2... {October 29, 2007 6:49:05 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 6:49:42 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1irl}}, {{PDB2|1m47}}, {{PDB2|1m48}}, {{PDB2|1m49}}, {{PDB2|1m4a}}, {{PDB2|1m4b}}, {{PDB2|1m4c}}, {{PDB2|1nbp}}, {{PDB2|1pw6}}, {{PDB2|1py2}}, {{PDB2|1qvn}}, {{PDB2|1z92}}, {{PDB2|2b5i}}, {{PDB2|2erj}}, {{PDB2|3ink}}
| Name = Interleukin 2
| HGNCid = 6001
| Symbol = IL2
| AltSymbols =; IL-2; TCGF; lymphokine
| OMIM = 147680
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 488
| MGIid = 96548
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL2_207849_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005134 |text = interleukin-2 receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019209 |text = kinase activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030101 |text = natural killer cell activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030217 |text = T cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030307 |text = positive regulation of cell growth}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3558
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000109471
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000577
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000586
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 123592080
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 123597339
| Hs_Uniprot = P60568
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16183
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008366
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032392
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Interleukin 2''', also known as '''IL2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL2 interleukin 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3558| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Waldmann TA |title=The interleukin-2 receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 5 |pages= 2681-4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1993646 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Minami Y, Kono T, Miyazaki T, Taniguchi T |title=The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes. |journal=Annu. Rev. Immunol. |volume=11 |issue= |pages= 245-68 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8476561 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001333 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nelson BH |title=Interleukin-2 signaling and the maintenance of self-tolerance. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue= |pages= 92-112 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826762 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D |title=Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 87-94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638726 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, ''et al.'' |title=Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=15 |issue= 11-12 |pages= 923-34 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16354571 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290370 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on INS... {October 29, 2007 6:50:30 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 7:50:54 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ai0}}, {{PDB2|1aiy}}, {{PDB2|1aph}}, {{PDB2|1b17}}, {{PDB2|1b18}}, {{PDB2|1b19}}, {{PDB2|1b2a}}, {{PDB2|1b2b}}, {{PDB2|1b2c}}, {{PDB2|1b2d}}, {{PDB2|1b2e}}, {{PDB2|1b2f}}, {{PDB2|1b2g}}, {{PDB2|1b9e}}, {{PDB2|1ben}}, {{PDB2|1bph}}, {{PDB2|1cph}}, {{PDB2|1dph}}, {{PDB2|1ev3}}, {{PDB2|1ev6}}, {{PDB2|1evr}}, {{PDB2|1fu2}}, {{PDB2|1fub}}, {{PDB2|1g7a}}, {{PDB2|1g7b}}, {{PDB2|1guj}}, {{PDB2|1hiq}}, {{PDB2|1hit}}, {{PDB2|1hls}}, {{PDB2|1htv}}, {{PDB2|1iza}}, {{PDB2|1izb}}, {{PDB2|1j73}}, {{PDB2|1jca}}, {{PDB2|1jco}}, {{PDB2|1lph}}, {{PDB2|1m5a}}, {{PDB2|1mhi}}, {{PDB2|1mhj}}, {{PDB2|1mpj}}, {{PDB2|1mso}}, {{PDB2|1os3}}, {{PDB2|1os4}}, {{PDB2|1q4v}}, {{PDB2|1qiy}}, {{PDB2|1qiz}}, {{PDB2|1qj0}}, {{PDB2|1rwe}}, {{PDB2|1sf1}}, {{PDB2|1t0c}}, {{PDB2|1trz}}, {{PDB2|1tyl}}, {{PDB2|1tym}}, {{PDB2|1uz9}}, {{PDB2|1w8p}}, {{PDB2|1wav}}, {{PDB2|1xda}}, {{PDB2|1xgl}}, {{PDB2|1xw7}}, {{PDB2|1zeg}}, {{PDB2|1zeh}}, {{PDB2|1zni}}, {{PDB2|1znj}}, {{PDB2|2a3g}}, {{PDB2|2aiy}}, {{PDB2|2bn1}}, {{PDB2|2bn3}}, {{PDB2|2c8q}}, {{PDB2|2c8r}}, {{PDB2|2g4m}}, {{PDB2|2g54}}, {{PDB2|2g56}}, {{PDB2|2hiu}}, {{PDB2|2ins}}, {{PDB2|2omg}}, {{PDB2|2omh}}, {{PDB2|2omi}}, {{PDB2|2tci}}, {{PDB2|3aiy}}, {{PDB2|3ins}}, {{PDB2|3mth}}, {{PDB2|4aiy}}, {{PDB2|4ins}}, {{PDB2|5aiy}}, {{PDB2|6ins}}, {{PDB2|7ins}}, {{PDB2|9ins}}
| Name = Insulin
| HGNCid = 6081
| Symbol = INS
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 176730
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 173
| MGIid = 96573
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_INS_206598_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005158 |text = insulin receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005520 |text = insulin-like growth factor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005975 |text = carbohydrate metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006006 |text = glucose metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006091 |text = generation of precursor metabolites and energy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006953 |text = acute-phase response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008219 |text = cell death}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015758 |text = glucose transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042177 |text = negative regulation of protein catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045429 |text = positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045908 |text = negative regulation of vasodilation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045909 |text = positive regulation of vasodilation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046631 |text = alpha-beta T cell activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050708 |text = regulation of protein secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050715 |text = positive regulation of cytokine secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051000 |text = positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3630
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000129965
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000198
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000207
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 2137585
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 2139147
| Hs_Uniprot = P01308
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16334
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000000215
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008387
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032413
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 142488051
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 142489098
| Mm_Uniprot = Q5EEX1
}}
}}
'''Insulin''', also known as '''INS''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into two chains (peptide A and peptide B) that are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds. Binding of this mature form of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A variety of mutant alleles with changes in the coding region have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: INS insulin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3630| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Goodge KA, Hutton JC |title=Translational regulation of proinsulin biosynthesis and proinsulin conversion in the pancreatic beta-cell. |journal=Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 235-42 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10966857 |doi= 10.1006/scdb.2000.0172 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kino T, Chrousos GP |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome? |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1024 |issue= |pages= 153-67 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15265780 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1321.013 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marques RG, Fontaine MJ, Rogers J |title=C-peptide: much more than a byproduct of insulin biosynthesis. |journal=Pancreas |volume=29 |issue= 3 |pages= 231-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15367890 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pugliese A |title=The insulin gene in type 1 diabetes. |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=57 |issue= 7 |pages= 463-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16081366 |doi= 10.1080/15216540500163301 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on ITK... {October 29, 2007 7:50:54 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 7:52:42 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1lui}}, {{PDB2|1luk}}, {{PDB2|1lum}}, {{PDB2|1lun}}, {{PDB2|1sm2}}, {{PDB2|1snu}}, {{PDB2|1snx}}, {{PDB2|2etz}}, {{PDB2|2eu0}}
| Name = IL2-inducible T-cell kinase
| HGNCid = 6171
| Symbol = ITK
| AltSymbols =; PSCTK2; EMT; LYK; MGC126257; MGC126258
| OMIM = 186973
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 4051
| MGIid = 96621
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ITK_211339_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004715 |text = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016301 |text = kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006968 |text = cellular defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3702
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000113263
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005537
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005546
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 156540432
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 156614687
| Hs_Uniprot = Q08881
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16428
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020395
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010583
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034713
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 46168576
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 46232916
| Mm_Uniprot = A1A560
}}
}}
'''IL2-inducible T-cell kinase''', also known as '''ITK''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells. The protein contains both SH2 and SH3 domains which are often found in intracellular kinases. It is thought to play a role in T-cell proliferation and differentiation.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ITK IL2-inducible T-cell kinase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3702| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kosaka Y, Felices M, Berg LJ |title=Itk and Th2 responses: action but no reaction. |journal=Trends Immunol. |volume=27 |issue= 10 |pages= 453-60 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16931156 |doi= 10.1016/j.it.2006.08.006 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on LDLR... {October 29, 2007 7:52:42 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 7:55:10 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ajj}}, {{PDB2|1d2j}}, {{PDB2|1f5y}}, {{PDB2|1f8z}}, {{PDB2|1hj7}}, {{PDB2|1hz8}}, {{PDB2|1i0u}}, {{PDB2|1ijq}}, {{PDB2|1ldl}}, {{PDB2|1ldr}}, {{PDB2|1n7d}}, {{PDB2|1xfe}}, {{PDB2|2fcw}}
| Name = Low density lipoprotein receptor (familial hypercholesterolemia)
| HGNCid = 6547
| Symbol = LDLR
| AltSymbols =; FH; FHC
| OMIM = 606945
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55469
| MGIid = 96765
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_LDLR_202068_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_LDLR_202067_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_LDLR_217173_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005041 |text = low-density lipoprotein receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005319 |text = lipid transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008034 |text = lipoprotein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005768 |text = endosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005905 |text = coated pit}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006493 |text = protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006629 |text = lipid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006869 |text = lipid transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006897 |text = endocytosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008202 |text = steroid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008203 |text = cholesterol metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030299 |text = cholesterol absorption}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030301 |text = cholesterol transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042157 |text = lipoprotein metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042632 |text = cholesterol homeostasis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3949
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000130164
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000518
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000527
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 11061155
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 11103838
| Hs_Uniprot = P01130
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16835
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032193
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_979020
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_984114
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 21474033
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 21500318
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TVR4
}}
}}
'''Low density lipoprotein receptor (familial hypercholesterolemia)''', also known as '''LDLR''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is normally bound at the cell membrane and taken into the cell ending up in lysosomes where the protein is degraded and the cholesterol is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LDLR low density lipoprotein receptor (familial hypercholesterolemia)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3949| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Brown MS, Goldstein JL |title=Receptor-mediated endocytosis: insights from the lipoprotein receptor system. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=76 |issue= 7 |pages= 3330-7 |year= 1979 |pmid= 226968 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hobbs HH, Brown MS, Goldstein JL |title=Molecular genetics of the LDL receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=1 |issue= 6 |pages= 445-66 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1301956 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380010602 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fogelman AM, Van Lenten BJ, Warden C, ''et al.'' |title=Macrophage lipoprotein receptors. |journal=J. Cell Sci. Suppl. |volume=9 |issue= |pages= 135-49 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2855802 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barrett PH, Watts GF |title=Shifting the LDL-receptor paradigm in familial hypercholesterolemia: novel insights from recent kinetic studies of apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism. |journal=Atherosclerosis. Supplements |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 1-4 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11923121 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=May P, Bock HH, Herz J |title=Integration of endocytosis and signal transduction by lipoprotein receptors. |journal=Sci. STKE |volume=2003 |issue= 176 |pages= PE12 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12671190 |doi= 10.1126/stke.2003.176.pe12 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gent J, Braakman I |title=Low-density lipoprotein receptor structure and folding. |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=61 |issue= 19-20 |pages= 2461-70 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15526154 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-004-4090-3 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on LMNA... {October 29, 2007 7:55:10 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 7:57:30 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ifr}}, {{PDB2|1ivt}}, {{PDB2|1ufg}}, {{PDB2|1x8y}}
| Name = Lamin A/C
| HGNCid = 6636
| Symbol = LMNA
| AltSymbols =; CDCD1; CDDC; CMD1A; CMT2B1; EMD2; FPL; FPLD; HGPS; IDC; LDP1; LFP; LGMD1B; LMN1; LMNC; PRO1
| OMIM = 150330
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 41321
| MGIid = 96794
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_LMNA_203411_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_LMNA_212086_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_LMNA_214213_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005198 |text = structural molecule activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005638 |text = lamin filament}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005882 |text = intermediate filament}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006998 |text = nuclear membrane organization and biogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4000
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000160789
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005563
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005572
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 154318993
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 154376504
| Hs_Uniprot = P02545
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16905
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000028063
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001002011
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001002011
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 88568249
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 88589234
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3U7I5
}}
}}
'''Lamin A/C''', also known as '''LMNA''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. Through alternate splicing, this gene encodes three type A lamin isoforms. Mutations in this gene lead to several diseases: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LMNA lamin A/C| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4000| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Gruenbaum Y, Wilson KL, Harel A, ''et al.'' |title=Review: nuclear lamins--structural proteins with fundamental functions. |journal=J. Struct. Biol. |volume=129 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 313-23 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10806082 |doi= 10.1006/jsbi.2000.4216 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Worman HJ, Courvalin JC |title=The inner nuclear membrane. |journal=J. Membr. Biol. |volume=177 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10960149 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Burke B, Mounkes LC, Stewart CL |title=The nuclear envelope in muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular diseases. |journal=Traffic |volume=2 |issue= 10 |pages= 675-83 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11576443 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mounkes LC, Burke B, Stewart CL |title=The A-type lamins: nuclear structural proteins as a focus for muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular diseases. |journal=Trends Cardiovasc. Med. |volume=11 |issue= 7 |pages= 280-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11709282 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vigouroux C, Magré J, Desbois-Mouthon C, ''et al.'' |title=[Major insulin resistance syndromes: clinical and physiopathological aspects] |journal=J. Soc. Biol. |volume=195 |issue= 3 |pages= 249-57 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11833462 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Helbling-Leclerc A, Bonne G, Schwartz K |title=Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. |journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=10 |issue= 3 |pages= 157-61 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11973618 |doi= 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200744 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Burke B, Stewart CL |title=Life at the edge: the nuclear envelope and human disease. |journal=Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. |volume=3 |issue= 8 |pages= 575-85 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12154369 |doi= 10.1038/nrm879 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Novelli G, D'Apice MR |title=The strange case of the "lumper" lamin A/C gene and human premature ageing. |journal=Trends in molecular medicine |volume=9 |issue= 9 |pages= 370-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 13129702 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pasotti M, Repetto A, Pisani A, Arbustini E |title=[Diseases associated with lamin A/C gene defects: what the clinical cardiologist ought to know] |journal=Italian heart journal. Supplement : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology |volume=5 |issue= 2 |pages= 98-111 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15080529 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Al-Shali KZ, Hegele RA |title=Laminopathies and atherosclerosis. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 9 |pages= 1591-5 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15205220 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000136392.59656.8b }}
*{{cite journal | author=Garg A, Cogulu O, Ozkinay F, ''et al.'' |title=A novel homozygous Ala529Val LMNA mutation in Turkish patients with mandibuloacral dysplasia. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=90 |issue= 9 |pages= 5259-64 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15998779 |doi= 10.1210/jc.2004-2560 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lees-Miller SP |title=Dysfunction of lamin A triggers a DNA damage response and cellular senescence. |journal=DNA Repair (Amst.) |volume=5 |issue= 2 |pages= 286-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344005 |doi= 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.10.007 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Donadille B, Lascols O, Capeau J, Vigouroux C |title=Etiological investigations in apparent type 2 diabetes: when to search for lamin A/C mutations? |journal=Diabetes Metab. |volume=31 |issue= 6 |pages= 527-32 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16357800 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Young SG, Meta M, Yang SH, Fong LG |title=Prelamin A farnesylation and progeroid syndromes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 52 |pages= 39741-5 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17090536 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.R600033200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Halaschek-Wiener J, Brooks-Wilson A |title=Progeria of stem cells: stem cell exhaustion in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. |journal=J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. |volume=62 |issue= 1 |pages= 3-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17301031 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Wilson LC, Mohammed S, ''et al.'' |title=Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: clinical findings in three patients carrying the G608G mutation in LMNA and review of the literature. |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=156 |issue= 6 |pages= 1308-14 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17459035 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07897.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sliwińska MA |title=[The role of lamins and mutations of LMNA gene in physiological and premature aging] |journal=Postepy Biochem. |volume=53 |issue= 1 |pages= 46-52 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17718387 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on MMP1... {October 29, 2007 8:01:28 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:02:12 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ayk}}, {{PDB2|1cge}}, {{PDB2|1cgf}}, {{PDB2|1cgl}}, {{PDB2|1hfc}}, {{PDB2|1su3}}, {{PDB2|2ayk}}, {{PDB2|2clt}}, {{PDB2|2j0t}}, {{PDB2|2tcl}}, {{PDB2|3ayk}}, {{PDB2|4ayk}}, {{PDB2|966c}}
| Name = Matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase)
| HGNCid = 7155
| Symbol = MMP1
| AltSymbols =; CLGN; CLG
| OMIM = 120353
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20544
| MGIid = 1933846
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MMP1_204475_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004232 |text = interstitial collagenase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005578 |text = proteinaceous extracellular matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000270 |text = peptidoglycan metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030574 |text = collagen catabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4312
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000196611
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002412
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002421
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 102165861
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 102174099
| Hs_Uniprot = P03956
| Mm_EntrezGene = 83995
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000043089
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001000512
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001000512
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 7464141
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 7476856
| Mm_Uniprot = Q149J4
}}
}}
'''Matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase)''', also known as '''MMP1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This gene encodes a secreted enzyme which breaks down the interstitial collagens, types I, II, and III. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MMP1 matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4312| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Krane SM |title=Is collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) necessary for bone and other connective tissue remodeling? |journal=Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. |volume= |issue= 313 |pages= 47-53 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7641497 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Massova I, Kotra LP, Fridman R, Mobashery S |title=Matrix metalloproteinases: structures, evolution, and diversification. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=12 |issue= 12 |pages= 1075-95 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9737711 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nagase H, Woessner JF |title=Matrix metalloproteinases. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 31 |pages= 21491-4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10419448 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Okada Y, Hashimoto G |title=[Degradation of extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases and joint destruction] |journal=Seikagaku |volume=73 |issue= 11 |pages= 1309-21 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11831026 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Seiki M |title=Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase: a key enzyme for tumor invasion. |journal=Cancer Lett. |volume=194 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12706853 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Golubkov VS, Strongin AY |title=Proteolysis-driven oncogenesis. |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 147-50 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17245132 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on MSH2... {October 29, 2007 8:02:12 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:02:51 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|2o8b}}, {{PDB2|2o8c}}, {{PDB2|2o8d}}, {{PDB2|2o8e}}, {{PDB2|2o8f}}
| Name = MutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1 (E. coli)
| HGNCid = 7325
| Symbol = MSH2
| AltSymbols =; HNPCC; COCA1; FCC1; HNPCC1
| OMIM = 609309
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 210
| MGIid = 101816
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MSH2_209421_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000400 |text = four-way junction DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003684 |text = damaged DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003697 |text = single-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004422 |text = hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015444 |text = magnesium-importing ATPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016887 |text = ATPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019237 |text = centromeric DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032137 |text = guanine/thymine mispair binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032142 |text = single guanine insertion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032143 |text = single thymine insertion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032181 |text = dinucleotide repeat insertion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032357 |text = oxidized purine DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032405 |text = MutLalpha complex binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043531 |text = ADP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045027 |text = DNA end binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032301 |text = MutSalpha complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032302 |text = MutSbeta complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001701 |text = in utero embryonic development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006119 |text = oxidative phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006164 |text = purine nucleotide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006259 |text = DNA metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006284 |text = base-excision repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006298 |text = mismatch repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006301 |text = postreplication repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007050 |text = cell cycle arrest}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008340 |text = determination of adult life span}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010165 |text = response to X-ray}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010224 |text = response to UV-B}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016446 |text = somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016447 |text = somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019724 |text = B cell mediated immunity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030183 |text = B cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031573 |text = intra-S DNA damage checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032026 |text = response to magnesium ion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043524 |text = negative regulation of neuron apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043570 |text = maintenance of DNA repeat elements}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045190 |text = isotype switching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045910 |text = negative regulation of DNA recombination}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4436
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000095002
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000242
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000251
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 47483767
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 47563864
| Hs_Uniprot = P43246
| Mm_EntrezGene = 17685
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024151
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008628
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032654
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 87580866
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 87632038
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TZI5
}}
}}
'''MutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1 (E. coli)''', also known as '''MSH2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = MSH2 was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MSH2 mutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1 (E. coli)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4436| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Jiricny J |title=Colon cancer and DNA repair: have mismatches met their match? |journal=Trends Genet. |volume=10 |issue= 5 |pages= 164-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8036718 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fishel R, Wilson T |title=MutS homologs in mammalian cells. |journal=Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 105-13 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9024626 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lothe RA |title=Microsatellite instability in human solid tumors. |journal=Molecular medicine today |volume=3 |issue= 2 |pages= 61-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9060003 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Peltomäki P, de la Chapelle A |title=Mutations predisposing to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=71 |issue= |pages= 93-119 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9111864 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Papadopoulos N, Lindblom A |title=Molecular basis of HNPCC: mutations of MMR genes. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=10 |issue= 2 |pages= 89-99 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9259192 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)10:2<89::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-H }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kauh J, Umbreit J |title=Colorectal cancer prevention. |journal=Current problems in cancer |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 240-64 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15375803 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Warusavitarne J, Schnitzler M |title=The role of chemotherapy in microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) colorectal cancer. |journal=International journal of colorectal disease |volume=22 |issue= 7 |pages= 739-48 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17109103 |doi= 10.1007/s00384-006-0228-0 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on NOS2A... {October 29, 2007 8:02:52 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:04:02 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1nsi}}, {{PDB2|2nsi}}, {{PDB2|4nos}}
| Name = Nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)
| HGNCid = 7873
| Symbol = NOS2A
| AltSymbols =; NOS; HEP-NOS; INOS; NOS2
| OMIM = 163730
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55473
| MGIid = 97361
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_NOS2A_210037_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004517 |text = nitric-oxide synthase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005516 |text = calmodulin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009055 |text = electron carrier activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010181 |text = FMN binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0020037 |text = heme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050660 |text = FAD binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050661 |text = NADP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030863 |text = cortical cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048471 |text = perinuclear region of cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001666 |text = response to hypoxia}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006118 |text = electron transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006801 |text = superoxide metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006809 |text = nitric oxide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042742 |text = defense response to bacterium}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4843
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000007171
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000616
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000625
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 23107922
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 23151682
| Hs_Uniprot = P35228
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18126
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001001508
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001001508
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)''', also known as '''NOS2A''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. Three related pseudogenes are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NOS2A nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4843| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PCNA... {October 29, 2007 8:04:02 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:04:33 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1axc}}, {{PDB2|1u76}}, {{PDB2|1u7b}}, {{PDB2|1ul1}}, {{PDB2|1vyj}}, {{PDB2|1vym}}, {{PDB2|1w60}}
| Name = Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
| HGNCid = 8729
| Symbol = PCNA
| AltSymbols =; MGC8367
| OMIM = 176740
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1945
| MGIid = 97503
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PCNA_201202_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030337 |text = DNA polymerase processivity factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032405 |text = MutLalpha complex binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000307 |text = cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005652 |text = nuclear lamina}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005663 |text = DNA replication factor C complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043626 |text = PCNA complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006260 |text = DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006275 |text = regulation of DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006287 |text = base-excision repair, gap-filling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006886 |text = intracellular protein transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048015 |text = phosphoinositide-mediated signaling}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5111
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000132646
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002583
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002592
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 5043599
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 5055270
| Hs_Uniprot = P12004
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18538
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027342
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011045
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035175
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 131940727
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 131944621
| Mm_Uniprot = Q542J9
}}
}}
'''Proliferating cell nuclear antigen''', also known as '''PCNA''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5111| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Prosperi E |title=Multiple roles of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen: DNA replication, repair and cell cycle control. |journal=Progress in cell cycle research |volume=3 |issue= |pages= 193-210 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9552415 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miura M |title=Detection of chromatin-bound PCNA in mammalian cells and its use to study DNA excision repair. |journal=J. Radiat. Res. |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10408173 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PRKCB1... {October 29, 2007 8:04:33 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:05:14 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a25}}, {{PDB2|2i0e}}
| Name = Protein kinase C, beta 1
| HGNCid = 9395
| Symbol = PRKCB1
| AltSymbols =; MGC41878; PKC-beta; PKCB; PRKCB; PRKCB2
| OMIM = 176970
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56424
| MGIid = 97596
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004697 |text = protein kinase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019992 |text = diacylglycerol binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5579
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000166501
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002729
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002738
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 16
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 23754823
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 24139358
| Hs_Uniprot = P05771
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18751
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000052889
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008855
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032881
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 122080445
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 122419803
| Mm_Uniprot = A0JNZ5
}}
}}
'''Protein kinase C, beta 1''', also known as '''PRKCB1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This protein kinase has been reported to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as B cell activation, apoptosis induction, endothelial cell proliferation, and intestinal sugar absorption. Studies in mice also suggest that this kinase may also regulate neuronal functions and correlate fear-induced conflict behavior after stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKCB1 protein kinase C, beta 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5579| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Mochly-Rosen D |title=Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: a theme in signal transduction. |journal=Science |volume=268 |issue= 5208 |pages= 247-51 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7716516 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ali A, Hoeflich KP, Woodgett JR |title=Glycogen synthase kinase-3: properties, functions, and regulation. |journal=Chem. Rev. |volume=101 |issue= 8 |pages= 2527-40 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11749387 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Slater SJ, Ho C, Stubbs CD |title=The use of fluorescent phorbol esters in studies of protein kinase C-membrane interactions. |journal=Chem. Phys. Lipids |volume=116 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 75-91 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12093536 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PTPN6... {October 29, 2007 8:05:14 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:06:55 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1fpr}}, {{PDB2|1gwz}}, {{PDB2|1x6c}}, {{PDB2|2b3o}}
| Name = Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6
| HGNCid = 9658
| Symbol = PTPN6
| AltSymbols =; HCP; HCPH; HPTP1C; PTP-1C; SH-PTP1; SHP-1; SHP-1L; SHP1
| OMIM = 176883
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56589
| MGIid = 96055
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PTPN6_206687_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001784 |text = phosphotyrosine binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004725 |text = protein tyrosine phosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006470 |text = protein amino acid dephosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5777
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000111679
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002822
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002831
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 6930763
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 6940740
| Hs_Uniprot = P29350
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15170
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000004266
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001077705
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001071173
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 124686727
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 124698484
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TE70
}}
}}
'''Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6''', also known as '''PTPN6''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. N-terminal part of this PTP contains two tandem Src homolog (SH2) domains, which act as protein phospho-tyrosine binding domains, and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. This PTP is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells, and functions as an important regulator of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells. This PTP has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of phospho-proteins involved in hematopoietic cell signaling. Multiple alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTPN6 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5777| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Blasioli J, Goodnow CC |title=Lyn/CD22/SHP-1 and their importance in autoimmunity. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue= |pages= 151-60 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826756 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tortorella C, Simone O, Piazzolla G, ''et al.'' |title=Age-related impairment of GM-CSF-induced signalling in neutrophils: role of SHP-1 and SOCS proteins. |journal=Ageing Res. Rev. |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 81-93 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17142110 |doi= 10.1016/j.arr.2006.10.001 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on RAF1... {October 29, 2007 8:06:55 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:07:42 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1c1y}}, {{PDB2|1faq}}, {{PDB2|1far}}, {{PDB2|1gua}}, {{PDB2|1rfa}}
| Name = V-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1
| HGNCid = 9829
| Symbol = RAF1
| AltSymbols =; CRAF; Raf-1; c-Raf
| OMIM = 164760
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 48145
| MGIid = 97847
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_RAF1_201244_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005057 |text = receptor signaling protein activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019992 |text = diacylglycerol binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005741 |text = mitochondrial outer membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007010 |text = cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5894
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000132155
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002871
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002880
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 12600108
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 12680678
| Hs_Uniprot = P04049
| Mm_EntrezGene = 110157
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000000441
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_029780
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_084056
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 115584217
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 115642173
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UR68
}}
}}
'''V-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1''', also known as '''RAF1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Raf-1 is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated Raf-1 can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2 which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. [Contributed text]<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RAF1 v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5894| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Li P, Wood K, Mamon H, ''et al.'' |title=Raf-1: a kinase currently without a cause but not lacking in effects. |journal=Cell |volume=64 |issue= 3 |pages= 479-82 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1846778 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reed JC, Zha H, Aime-Sempe C, ''et al.'' |title=Structure-function analysis of Bcl-2 family proteins. Regulators of programmed cell death. |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=406 |issue= |pages= 99-112 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8910675 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM |title=Structure--function relationships in HIV-1 Nef. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=2 |issue= 7 |pages= 580-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11463741 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kve141 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dhillon AS, Kolch W |title=Untying the regulation of the Raf-1 kinase. |journal=Arch. Biochem. Biophys. |volume=404 |issue= 1 |pages= 3-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12127063 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication. |journal=J. Biosci. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 323-35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12734410 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen H, Kunnimalaiyaan M, Van Gompel JJ |title=Medullary thyroid cancer: the functions of raf-1 and human achaete-scute homologue-1. |journal=Thyroid |volume=15 |issue= 6 |pages= 511-21 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16029117 |doi= 10.1089/thy.2005.15.511 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on SHC1... {October 29, 2007 8:07:42 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:09:09 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1mil}}, {{PDB2|1n3h}}, {{PDB2|1oy2}}, {{PDB2|1shc}}, {{PDB2|1tce}}
| Name = SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1
| HGNCid = 10840
| Symbol = SHC1
| AltSymbols =; FLJ26504; SHC; SHCA; p52SHC; p66; p66SHC
| OMIM = 600560
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7934
| MGIid = 98296
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SHC1_214853_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_SHC1_201469_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005068 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor protein activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005158 |text = insulin receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005159 |text = insulin-like growth factor receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005543 |text = phospholipid binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001558 |text = regulation of cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007176 |text = regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045840 |text = positive regulation of mitosis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6464
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000160691
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003020
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003029
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 153201398
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 153213476
| Hs_Uniprot = P29353
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20416
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011368
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035498
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1''', also known as '''SHC1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Sasaoka T, Kobayashi M |title=The functional significance of Shc in insulin signaling as a substrate of the insulin receptor. |journal=Endocr. J. |volume=47 |issue= 4 |pages= 373-81 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11075717 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ravichandran KS |title=Signaling via Shc family adapter proteins. |journal=Oncogene |volume=20 |issue= 44 |pages= 6322-30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11607835 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1204776 }}
*{{cite journal | author=van der Geer P |title=Phosphorylation of LRP1: regulation of transport and signal transduction. |journal=Trends Cardiovasc. Med. |volume=12 |issue= 4 |pages= 160-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12069755 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on SMAD3... {October 29, 2007 7:57:30 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 7:59:52 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dev}}, {{PDB2|1khx}}, {{PDB2|1mhd}}, {{PDB2|1mjs}}, {{PDB2|1mk2}}, {{PDB2|1ozj}}, {{PDB2|1u7f}}, {{PDB2|1u7v}}
| Name = SMAD family member 3
| HGNCid = 6769
| Symbol = SMAD3
| AltSymbols =; DKFZP586N0721; DKFZp686J10186; HSPC193; HsT17436; JV15-2; MADH3; MGC60396; Smad 3
| OMIM = 603109
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55937
| MGIid = 1201674
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SMAD3_205396_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_SMAD3_205397_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_SMAD3_205398_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003690 |text = double-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016563 |text = transcription activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001707 |text = mesoderm formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006366 |text = transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016202 |text = regulation of striated muscle development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0017015 |text = regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042110 |text = T cell activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048340 |text = paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050678 |text = regulation of epithelial cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050776 |text = regulation of immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051098 |text = regulation of binding}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4088
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000166949
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005893
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005902
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 65145249
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 65274586
| Hs_Uniprot = P84022
| Mm_EntrezGene = 17127
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032402
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_016769
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_058049
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 63444773
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 63556000
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3V3E0
}}
}}
'''SMAD family member 3''', also known as '''SMAD3''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Massagué J |title=TGF-beta signal transduction. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=67 |issue= |pages= 753-91 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9759503 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Verschueren K, Huylebroeck D |title=Remarkable versatility of Smad proteins in the nucleus of transforming growth factor-beta activated cells. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=10 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 187-99 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647776 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wrana JL, Attisano L |title=The Smad pathway. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=11 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 5-13 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10708948 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miyazono K |title=TGF-beta signaling by Smad proteins. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=11 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 15-22 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10708949 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Matsuzaki K |title=Smad3 phosphoisoform-mediated signaling during sporadic human colorectal carcinogenesis. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=21 |issue= 6 |pages= 645-62 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16528675 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on SMAD4... {October 29, 2007 7:59:52 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:01:28 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dd1}}, {{PDB2|1g88}}, {{PDB2|1mr1}}, {{PDB2|1u7f}}, {{PDB2|1u7v}}, {{PDB2|1ygs}}
| Name = SMAD family member 4
| HGNCid = 6770
| Symbol = SMAD4
| AltSymbols =; DPC4; JIP; MADH4
| OMIM = 600993
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 31310
| MGIid = 894293
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SMAD4_202527_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_SMAD4_202526_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003712 |text = transcription cofactor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016563 |text = transcription activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005667 |text = transcription factor complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001658 |text = ureteric bud branching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001822 |text = kidney development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007183 |text = SMAD protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009952 |text = anterior/posterior pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010003 |text = gastrulation (sensu Mammalia)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051098 |text = regulation of binding}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4089
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000141646
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005350
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005359
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 46810611
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 46860142
| Hs_Uniprot = Q13485
| Mm_EntrezGene = 17128
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024515
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001001632
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001001632
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 73764378
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 73829110
| Mm_Uniprot = Q6GTP6
}}
}}
'''SMAD family member 4''', also known as '''SMAD4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Massagué J |title=TGF-beta signal transduction. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=67 |issue= |pages= 753-91 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9759503 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Verschueren K, Huylebroeck D |title=Remarkable versatility of Smad proteins in the nucleus of transforming growth factor-beta activated cells. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=10 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 187-99 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647776 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wrana JL, Attisano L |title=The Smad pathway. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=11 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 5-13 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10708948 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miyazono K |title=TGF-beta signaling by Smad proteins. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=11 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 15-22 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10708949 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on SUMO1... {October 29, 2007 8:10:44 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 8:13:04 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SUMO1>SUMO1</a> {October 29, 2007 8:13:12 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: SUMO1 {October 29, 2007 8:13:25 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TBX19... {October 29, 2007 8:15:33 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 8:16:11 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TBX19 {October 29, 2007 8:16:18 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TP73... {October 29, 2007 8:09:09 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:10:00 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1cok}}, {{PDB2|1dxs}}
| Name = Tumor protein p73
| HGNCid = 12003
| Symbol = TP73
| AltSymbols =; P73
| OMIM = 601990
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3960
| MGIid = 1336991
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TP73_220804_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006298 |text = mismatch repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008630 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030900 |text = forebrain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043066 |text = negative regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7161
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000078900
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005418
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005427
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 3558944
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 3642625
| Hs_Uniprot = O15350
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22062
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029026
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_989340
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_994434
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 152902082
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 152984008
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Tumor protein p73''', also known as '''TP73''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kaelin WG |title=The emerging p53 gene family. |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=91 |issue= 7 |pages= 594-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10203277 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Davis PK, Dowdy SF |title=p73. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=33 |issue= 10 |pages= 935-9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11470228 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP |title=The role of PML in tumor suppression. |journal=Cell |volume=108 |issue= 2 |pages= 165-70 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11832207 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Melino G |title=p73, the "assistant" guardian of the genome? |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1010 |issue= |pages= 9-15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15033688 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jacobs WB, Walsh GS, Miller FD |title=Neuronal survival and p73/p63/p53: a family affair. |journal=The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry |volume=10 |issue= 5 |pages= 443-55 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15359011 |doi= 10.1177/1073858404263456 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rossi M, Sayan AE, Terrinoni A, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanism of induction of apoptosis by p73 and its relevance to neuroblastoma biology. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1028 |issue= |pages= 143-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15650240 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1322.015 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dobbelstein M, Strano S, Roth J, Blandino G |title=p73-induced apoptosis: a question of compartments and cooperation. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=331 |issue= 3 |pages= 688-93 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15865923 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.155 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ramadan S, Terrinoni A, Catani MV, ''et al.'' |title=p73 induces apoptosis by different mechanisms. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=331 |issue= 3 |pages= 713-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15865927 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.156 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Harms KL, Chen X |title=p19ras brings a new twist to the regulation of p73 by Mdm2. |journal=Sci. STKE |volume=2006 |issue= 337 |pages= pe24 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16738062 |doi= 10.1126/stke.3372006pe24 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marabese M, Vikhanskaya F, Broggini M |title=p73: a chiaroscuro gene in cancer. |journal=Eur. J. Cancer |volume=43 |issue= 9 |pages= 1361-72 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17428654 |doi= 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.01.042 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TTR... {October 29, 2007 8:10:00 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:10:44 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bm7}}, {{PDB2|1bmz}}, {{PDB2|1bz8}}, {{PDB2|1bzd}}, {{PDB2|1bze}}, {{PDB2|1dvq}}, {{PDB2|1dvs}}, {{PDB2|1dvt}}, {{PDB2|1dvu}}, {{PDB2|1dvx}}, {{PDB2|1dvy}}, {{PDB2|1dvz}}, {{PDB2|1e3f}}, {{PDB2|1e4h}}, {{PDB2|1e5a}}, {{PDB2|1eta}}, {{PDB2|1etb}}, {{PDB2|1f41}}, {{PDB2|1f86}}, {{PDB2|1fh2}}, {{PDB2|1fhn}}, {{PDB2|1g1o}}, {{PDB2|1gko}}, {{PDB2|1ict}}, {{PDB2|1iii}}, {{PDB2|1iik}}, {{PDB2|1ijn}}, {{PDB2|1qab}}, {{PDB2|1qwh}}, {{PDB2|1rlb}}, {{PDB2|1sok}}, {{PDB2|1soq}}, {{PDB2|1tha}}, {{PDB2|1thc}}, {{PDB2|1tlm}}, {{PDB2|1tsh}}, {{PDB2|1tt6}}, {{PDB2|1tta}}, {{PDB2|1ttb}}, {{PDB2|1ttc}}, {{PDB2|1ttr}}, {{PDB2|1tyr}}, {{PDB2|1tz8}}, {{PDB2|1u21}}, {{PDB2|1x7s}}, {{PDB2|1x7t}}, {{PDB2|1y1d}}, {{PDB2|1z7j}}, {{PDB2|1zcr}}, {{PDB2|1zd6}}, {{PDB2|2b14}}, {{PDB2|2b15}}, {{PDB2|2b16}}, {{PDB2|2b77}}, {{PDB2|2b9a}}, {{PDB2|2f7i}}, {{PDB2|2f8i}}, {{PDB2|2fbr}}, {{PDB2|2flm}}, {{PDB2|2g3x}}, {{PDB2|2g3z}}, {{PDB2|2g4e}}, {{PDB2|2g4g}}, {{PDB2|2g5u}}, {{PDB2|2g9k}}, {{PDB2|2gab}}, {{PDB2|2h4e}}, {{PDB2|2noy}}, {{PDB2|2pab}}, {{PDB2|2rox}}, {{PDB2|2roy}}, {{PDB2|2trh}}, {{PDB2|2try}}, {{PDB2|5ttr}}
| Name = Transthyretin (prealbumin, amyloidosis type I)
| HGNCid = 12405
| Symbol = TTR
| AltSymbols =; HsT2651; PALB; TBPA
| OMIM = 176300
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 317
| MGIid = 98865
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TTR_209660_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005496 |text = steroid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015349 |text = thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016918 |text = retinal binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019841 |text = retinol binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006590 |text = thyroid hormone generation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7276
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000118271
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000362
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000371
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 27425838
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 27432793
| Hs_Uniprot = P02766
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22139
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000061808
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013697
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038725
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 20808423
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 20817331
| Mm_Uniprot = Q5M9K1
}}
}}
'''Transthyretin (prealbumin, amyloidosis type I)''', also known as '''TTR''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Sakaki Y, Yoshioka K, Tanahashi H, ''et al.'' |title=Human transthyretin (prealbumin) gene and molecular genetics of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. |journal=Mol. Biol. Med. |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 161-8 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2693890 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Saraiva MJ |title=Transthyretin mutations in health and disease. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 191-6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7599630 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380050302 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ingenbleek Y, Young V |title=Transthyretin (prealbumin) in health and disease: nutritional implications. |journal=Annu. Rev. Nutr. |volume=14 |issue= |pages= 495-533 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7946531 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.002431 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hesse A, Altland K, Linke RP, ''et al.'' |title=Cardiac amyloidosis: a review and report of a new transthyretin (prealbumin) variant. |journal=British heart journal |volume=70 |issue= 2 |pages= 111-5 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8038017 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blanco-Jerez CR, Jiménez-Escrig A, Gobernado JM, ''et al.'' |title=Transthyretin Tyr77 familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a clinicopathological study of a large kindred. |journal=Muscle Nerve |volume=21 |issue= 11 |pages= 1478-85 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9771673 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on VHL... {October 29, 2007 8:13:25 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 8:15:33 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1lm8}}, {{PDB2|1lqb}}, {{PDB2|1vcb}}
| Name = Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor
| HGNCid = 12687
| Symbol = VHL
| AltSymbols =; HRCA1; RCA1; VHL1
| OMIM = 608537
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 465
| MGIid = 103223
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_VHL_203844_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005739 |text = mitochondrion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000902 |text = cell morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006950 |text = response to stress}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016567 |text = protein ubiquitination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045597 |text = positive regulation of cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050821 |text = protein stabilization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7428
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000134086
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000542
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000551
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 10158319
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 10168744
| Hs_Uniprot = P40337
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22346
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000033933
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009507
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033533
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 113589799
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 113597408
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TTE7
}}
}}
'''Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor''', also known as '''VHL''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome predisposing to a variety of malignant and benign tumors. A germline mutation of this gene is the basis of familial inheritance of VHL syndrome. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the protein complex that includes elongin B, elongin C, and cullin-2, and possesses ubiquitin ligase E3 activity. This protein is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF), which is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by oxygen. RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2G/RPB7 is also reported to be a target of this protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VHL von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7428| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Neumann HP, Wiestler OD |title=Clustering of features of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: evidence for a complex genetic locus. |journal=Lancet |volume=337 |issue= 8749 |pages= 1052-4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1673491 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kamura T, Conaway JW, Conaway RC |title=Roles of SCF and VHL ubiquitin ligases in regulation of cell growth. |journal=Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. |volume=29 |issue= |pages= 1-15 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11908068 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kaelin WG |title=Molecular basis of the VHL hereditary cancer syndrome. |journal=Nat. Rev. Cancer |volume=2 |issue= 9 |pages= 673-82 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12209156 |doi= 10.1038/nrc885 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Conaway RC, Conaway JW |title=The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor complex and regulation of hypoxia-inducible transcription. |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=85 |issue= |pages= 1-12 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12374282 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Czyzyk-Krzeska MF, Meller J |title=von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor: not only HIF's executioner. |journal=Trends in molecular medicine |volume=10 |issue= 4 |pages= 146-9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15162797 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kaelin WG |title=The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene and kidney cancer. |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=10 |issue= 18 Pt 2 |pages= 6290S-5S |year= 2004 |pmid= 15448019 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-sup-040025 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kralovics R, Skoda RC |title=Molecular pathogenesis of Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disorders. |journal=Blood Rev. |volume=19 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-13 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15572213 |doi= 10.1016/j.blre.2004.02.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schipani E |title=Hypoxia and HIF-1 alpha in chondrogenesis. |journal=Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 539-46 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16144691 |doi= 10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.03.003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Russell RC, Ohh M |title=The role of VHL in the regulation of E-cadherin: a new connection in an old pathway. |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 56-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17245122 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kaelin WG |title=The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein and clear cell renal carcinoma. |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=13 |issue= 2 Pt 2 |pages= 680s-684s |year= 2007 |pmid= 17255293 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1865 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
end log.
