Jump to content

User:PrecipiceofDuck/sandbox 19

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Corridor as designated by the Federal Railroad Administration

The Southeast High-Speed Rail Corridor (SEHSR) or Southeast Corridor (SEC) is a proposed passenger rail transportation project to increase the frequency, reliability and speed of intercity rail services along multiple routes in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. The primary segment spans approximately 448 miles (721 km) from Washington, D.C. through Richmond, Virginia and Raleigh to Charlotte, North Carolina, largely paralleling Interstates 85 and 95.[1][2] Additional segments on the corridor extend from Richmond to Virginia's Hampton Roads region; Charlotte to Atlanta; Atlanta to Macon, Georgia and Jacksonville, Florida, and Raleigh to Jacksonville via Columbia, South Carolina and Savannah.[3][4][5][6][7][8] Amtrak provides intercity rail service to most cities along the corridor (with the exception of Macon), using tracks primarily owned or operated by freight railroads CSX and Norfolk Southern. Virginia Railway Express (VRE) also provides commuter rail service between Washington D.C. and the suburbs of Northern Virginia. Slower freight train operations, as well as the typical maximum speed of 79 mph (127 km/h) along these tracks are described as contributing to delays among passenger trains in the region and travel times not competitive with airlines or driving.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The city of Washington D.C. and the states of Virginia and North Carolina will incrementally upgrade this segment to support top speeds between 90–110 mph (140–180 km/h), known as higher-speed rail, through improvements to existing railroad rights-of-way such as additional tracks, straightening curves and improving or eliminating grade-crossings with the goal of reducing trip times between Washington and Charlotte from 9.5 to 7.25 hours,[16] at a cost of several billion dollars[note 1]. The states of Virginia and North Carolina created an Interstate High-Speed Rail Compact Commission consisting of leaders from both states to review planning for the initial segment.[16][17]

Projects over the additional segments of the corridor are in various stages of planning and environmental review undertaken by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and the respective states. Despite the project name, the proposed train speeds of 90–110 mph (140–180 km/h) over the Washington D.C.-Charlotte segment will not meet commonly-held international standards for high-speed rail, leading to the North Carolina Department of Transportation rebranding the project as the higher-speed "Southeast Corridor". However, other corridor segments are studying options comparable to international high-speed rail.[11][12] Most Amtrak routes on the Southeast Corridor continue onto the existing high-speed Northeast Corridor between Washington D.C., New York City and Boston, reaching speeds of up to 125 mph (201 km/h).[18][19]

History

[edit]
An Amtrak train at Alexandria Union Station

Interest in high-speed rail services in the United States dates back to the High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) called for designation of five federal high-speed rail corridors. On October 20, 1992, United States Secretary of Transportation Andrew Card announced the Charlotte to Washington D.C. Southeast Corridor (via Richmond, Virginia and Raleigh, North Carolina as one of the chosen corridors.[20][21] A segment between Richmond and the Hampton Roads region of Virginia was added to the corridor in 1995; additional Charlotte-Greenville-Atlanta, Atlanta-Macon-Jacksonville and Raleigh-Columbia-Jacksonville segments were added in 1998 and 2000.[6][7]

Deemed one of the most economically viable high-speed rail projects in the country, the states of North Carolina, Virginia and the federal government prepared a Tier I environmental impact statement for the Washington D.C.-Charlotte corridor, which was completed in 2002.[1][22][2] The study suggested incrementally improving existing railroad rights-of-way and using conventional diesel-powered locomotives with top speeds of 110 mph (180 km/h) (as opposed to constructing new rights-of-way or pursuing electrification and electric locomotives were relatively cheaper ways of improving intercity rail service that would minimize disruption to the environment and surrounding neighborhoods. By raising speeds along the corridor and reactivating the partially-abandoned CSX S Line (the former mainline of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad), travel times between Washington D.C. and Charlotte could be reduced from 10 hours to approximately 6 hours, 15 minutes, at a cost of roughly $3 billion. Additionally, the study proposed a spur from Greensboro station along the corridor to serve the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, which lacks rail service.[23][2] Following the first phase of study, the states of North Carolina and Virginia studied portions of the Washington D.C.-Charlotte corridor in greater detail. In 2002, higher-speed service on this segment was projected to begin in 2010, depending on availability of funding.[24] By 2006, this projected date had slipped to 2012, and by 2010, to between 2018 and 2022.[25][26] As of 2020, however, service on the Carolinian route between Washington and Charlotte, via Richmond and Raleigh, was still scheduled for nearly 10 hours.[27]

Route

[edit]

Washington D.C.–Richmond

[edit]
A Virginia Railway Express (VRE) train crosses the Long Bridge between Washington D.C. and Virginia. As part of SEHSR, the bridge would be expanded from two to four tracks.

Description

[edit]
Figure 1.5-4 Richmond Area Alternatives
Map of routes used or studied by Amtrak in the Richmond area. As part of SEHSR, most Amtrak services would be rerouted from the A-line to the S-line, increasing service to downtown Richmond.

The Washington D.C.-to-Richmond segment begins at Washington Union Station. South of the station, all Amtrak and VRE trains using the Southeast Corridor between Washington D.C. and Virginia - including Amtrak's Northeast Regional trips to Virginia (with branches to Roanoke, Richmond Staples Mill Road station, Newport News, and Norfolk), the Carolinian, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Cardinal and Crescent, as well as VRE's Fredericksburg Line and Manassas Line pass through the First Street Tunnel before connecting to the CSX-owned RF&P Subdivision, which was previously the main line of the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad.[28][29] The line crosses the Potomac River on the Long Bridge into Virginia, passing through Alexandria. The two-tracked Long Bridge sees the most passenger traffic of any point in the Southeast, and lacks capacity for new services during peak hours, creating a bottleneck.[17] At Alexandria, some Amtrak trains (including Northeast Regional trips to Roanoke, the Cardinal and Crescent), VRE's Manassas Line and Norfolk Southern freight trains branch off onto Norfolk Southern's Main Line. The remaining Amtrak and VRE services on the Southeast Corridor continue using the RF&P through Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania, the terminus of VRE's Fredericksburg Line, reaching Richmond. Amtrak's Auto Train uses this segment, but makes no intermediate stops along its route between Lorton and Sanford. South of Richmond Staples Mill Road station, at CSX's Acca Yard, Amtrak trains branch onto two different CSX-owned lines. The A-line (the former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad) passes through the western side of Richmond, bypassing downtown; the S-line (the former Seaboard Air Line Railroad) passes directly through downtown Richmond, serving Main Street station; the two lines meet in Centralia, several miles south of Richmond, where the A-line continues south to Petersburg while the S-line is partially abandoned. Historically, most Amtrak trains in Richmond used the A-line; due to congestion on CSX's Bellwood Subdivision, service on the S-line, and to Main Street station, was limited to two Northeast Regional daily round trips that terminate at Newport News in the Hampton Roads region.[29][30][31][32][33], with a third Regional trip extended to Main Street in 2021.[34][35] Staples Mill Road serves as the primary train station for the Greater Richmond Region and has the highest ridership of Amtrak stations in Virginia and the Southeast, despite being located outside the city limits in suburban Henrico County.[36][28]

Infrastructure Improvements

[edit]

USDOT and the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DPRT) conducted a Tier II environmental impact statement for the approximately 123-mile segment between Arlington, Virginia, immediately outside Washington D.C., and Centralia as part of the "DC2RVA" project,[37][38] which the federal government approved in September 2019.[19][39][40][41] The project recommended expanding CSX's railroad to increase service along this segment, by expanding the RF&P line to four tracks between Washington D.C. and Alexandria, and expanding most of the line between Alexandria and Richmond from two to three tracks. However, the line is proposed to remain two-tracked in downtown Ashland, following opposition by the town and surrounding Hanover County to an expanded right-of-way as well as proposals for a bypass west of town.[37][42][43][44] Washington D.C. and the Commonwealth of Virginia will also expand the Long Bridge from two to four tracks, building a new two-track span over the Potomac River adjacent to the existing one. Unlike the existing bridge, the new bridge would be owned by Virginia and used exclusively for passenger service, eliminating a bottleneck for rail service between Washington D.C. and the Southeast.[17][32][36] Additionally, raising the top speed on the corridor from 70 to 90 mph (110 to 140 km/h), straightening curves and the partial separation of passenger and freight traffic enabled by constructing additional tracks would help speed up trips.[42][37] Travel times between Washington D.C. and Richmond Staples Mill Road station would decrease by five to eleven minutes compared to June 2017 schedules (down to as little as 1 hour, 55 minutes) and decrease by ten to 21 minutes between Washington D.C. and Main Street station (down to as little as 2 hours, 21 minutes).[45]

Amtrak service between Washington D.C. and Richmond would increase from a current ten round trips per day to nineteen - including five new Northeast Regional round trips, one of which would terminate at Richmond-Main Street, with four continuing to the Norfolk and Newport News in the Hampton Roads region; four other trips would continue south to Raleigh Union Station and Charlotte in North Carolina, similar to the Carolinian route; altogether, service between Washington and Richmond would be provided about once per hour.[19][44][46] Additionally, Amtrak service to downtown Richmond would be dramatically increased by rerouting all trains that stop in Richmond - including the Carolinian, Palmetto, Silver Meteor, Silver Star and Northeast Regional trips terminating at Staples Mill Road and in Norfolk - over CSX's S-Line's Bellwood Subdivision between Richmond and Centralia, allowing them to serve Main Street station. VRE service, currently limited to 38 trips per day,[47] would also increase, with expanded off-peak frequencies, and weekend service offered for the first time. A third Northeast Regional round trip was extended from Staples Mill Road station to terminate at Main Street station in 2021.[34][35]

Improvements to the Washington D.C.-Richmond segment are estimated to cost approximately $5.62 billion,[48][49][50] not including the Long Bridge expansion, itself estimated to cost $1.9 billion.[19][17][36][44] A portion of the work would be facilitated as part of a $3.7 billion agreement between Virginia and CSX in December 2019, which included the Commonwealth purchasing 350 miles of right of way from CSX at a cost of $525 million, covering half of CSX's right-of-way between Washington and Richmond and other trackage outside the corridor, as well as rights for trains that currently do not do so to operate on the Bellwood Subdivision to serve Main Street.[17][32][36][44][51][48] The $3.7 billion sum also includes the cost of the Long Bridge expansion, and the construction of 37 miles of additional track between Washington D.C. and Virginia. Approximately one-third of the cost would be paid by Virginia, another third by the federal government, and the remaining third from Maryland, Washington D.C. and other regional agencies and partners. Under the plan, the new Long Bridge, and 37 miles of track would be constructed by 2027 to 2030. Likewise, the additional VRE service, and new Northeast Regional trips, both funded by Virginia, would be phased in incrementally between 2020 and 2030, as would increased service to Main Street.[17][32][36][44][51]

Prior to the completion of the SEHSR environmental studies, several other improvements to the corridor were underway. Main Street station reopened in 2002 (albeit only for Amtrak trains terminating at Newport News) after closing in 1975, following a flood.[36] $75 million in federal funding issued in September 2012 paid for construction of a third main track in Stafford and Prince William counties,[52] while Virginia's Atlantic Gateway infrastructure project funded additional main tracks in two segments in Fairfax County along with initial design work on the Long Bridge.[53] Additionally, a series of improvements to CSX's congested Acca Yard primarily funded by Virginia and completed in 2009 and 2019 reduced conflicts between CSX freight trains and Amtrak trains on the western side of the yard, allowing for the extension of Amtrak service from Staples-Mill Road to Norfolk in the Hampton Roads region via the A-line, as well as reduced travel times for trains traveling between Staples-Mill Road and Main Street on the S-line.[54][55][56][57][58][59] However, these improvements did not allow for increased service on the S-line to Main Street, for which another round of improvements to the eastern side of Acca Yard and the Bellwood Sub are planned as part of the "DC2RVA" project.[48][36]

Richmond–Norfolk (Hampton Roads spur)

[edit]

Description

[edit]
Main Street Station in downtown Richmond

Amtrak operates two branches of the Northeast Regional service from Richmond and points north to Virginia's Hampton Roads region. One branch operates to Newport News on the north side of the peninsula, and the other to Norfolk on the peninsula's south side.[28][60][49][61][62] From Richmond Staples Mill Road station, the Newport News branch uses CSX's Bellwood Subdivision to serve Main Street station in downtown Richmond - currently the only Amtrak service to do so prior to 2021[30][36] - then uses CSX's Peninsula Extension, formerly of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, to serve Williamsburg Transportation Center and Newport News station paralleling Interstate 64. The Norfolk branch uses CSX's A-line from Staples Mill Road south to Petersburg station, then using Norfolk Southern trackage to Norfolk, paralleling U.S. Route 460. Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach service connects Newport News and Norfolk to Virginia Beach.[63]

Infrastructure Improvements

[edit]

In 1995, USDOT added a branch running east from Richmond to Virginia's Hampton Roads region to the main Southeast High-Speed Rail Corridor.[6][7] USDOT and Virginia DRPT conducted a Tier I EIS for this segment of the corridor, which USDOT approved in 2012.[61][64] Though stakeholders on both sides of the peninsula desired high/higher-speed service[65][66], the environmental study ultimately recommended maintaining existing conventional 79 mph (127 km/h) service to Newport News, while establishing higher-speed 90 mph (140 km/h) service along Norfolk Southern's trackage to Norfolk; a 110 mph (180 km/h) alternative was rejected due to the proposed higher cost and Norfolk Southern opposition, citing impacts on its freight operations.

Amtrak service to Norfolk was restored in December 2012, providing the city's first rail service since the discontinuation of the Mountaineer in 1977.[67][68][69][70] Initially limited to a maximum speed of 79 MPH, the service was facilitated by Virginia-funded infrastructure upgrades to CSX and Norfolk Southern's lines, funded by Virginia, including previously-mentioned upgrades to CSX's Acca Yard in Richmond.[71][58] A second weekdays-only Northeast Regional round trip was extended to Norfolk in 2019.[72][63] The environmental impact statements for the Southeast Corridor call for a total of nine daily round trips - three to Newport News (up from the current two trips) and six round trips to Norfolk by 2045.[49][48][64] Virginia proposes to phase in additional trips to the Hampton Roads region starting in 2022, with six round trips by 2026, following negotiations with CSX and Norfolk Southern.[63] Additionally, Norfolk trips would be rerouted along CSX's Bellwood Subdivision to serve Main Street station in downtown Richmond.[32][36]

A new replacement train station in Newport News is currently under-construction, located adjacent to the Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport, as part of a multi-modal transportation hub.[73][74][49] Following several years of delays, the new station is expected to open in 2022, at a cost of $47 million.[75][76] The environmental impact statement also studied proposals for an intermediate station between Petersburg and Norfolk in Suffolk[62], though as of 2020, said station remains only a proposal.[77]

Richmond–Raleigh

[edit]
CSX's main "A" (red) and "S" (blue) lines between Richmond, Virginia and Tampa, Florida. Note the removed track between Centralia, Virginia and Norlina, North Carolina, indicated by the dashed line.

Description

[edit]

Amtrak operates two round trips per day over the 197-mile (317 km) segment between Richmond-Staples Mill Road and Raleigh - the Carolinian and Silver Star.[27] From Richmond, the routes travel south on CSX's Richmond Terminal Subdivision and the railroad's A-line, using North End Subdivision and South End Subdivision through Petersburg, Rocky Mount, Wilson, and Selma. At Selma, the Carolinian and Silver Star turn west onto the North Carolina Railroad, owned by the state of North Carolina but operated by Norfolk Southern, to Raleigh.[78][79][80]

The environmental studies for the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation in 2015, identified an alternative routing for this segment, using CSX's Bellwood Subdivision to serve Richmond-Main Street station in downtown Richmond, and using the partially abandoned CSX S line (the former Seaboard Air Line main line) between Petersburg and Raleigh, paralleling US 1.[81][10] The tracks on a portion of the S-line, between Centralia, Virginia and Norlina, North Carolina, were removed in the late 1980s, causing traffic to be shifted to the current alignment using CSX's A line and the North Carolina Railroad; the remaining segment, between Norlina and Raleigh, sees light usage by CSX freight trains. The S-line stretches approximately 132-mile (212 km) miles between Petersburg and Raleigh, over 35 miles shorter than the existing 169-mile (272 km)[27] route between those points, providing a faster, more direct routing. The full proposed route between Raleigh and Richmond-Main Street station measures 162-mile (261 km)[80].

The project proposes straightening curves, grade-separating every crossing on the reactivated part of the S-line and raising the top speed from 79 mph to 110 mph, resulting in an average speed of 85–87 mph between Petersburg and Raleigh (Additionally, the reactivated line would be built to accommodate future electrification, with speeds of up to 150 mph possible with that and tilting trainsets.)[82] These improvements would allow for a dramatic decrease in travel time, with trips between Richmond-Main Street station and Raleigh estimated to take approximately two hours, 15 minutes on the S-line between Richmond-Main Street and Raleigh, compared to existing travel times of three hours, 30 minutes to three hours, 45 minutes between Staples Mill Road and Raleigh over the existing route. Also proposed, as mentioned above, the construction of a third track between Centralia and Petersburg on the existing A-line to accommodate the increased traffic between Richmond and Petersburg. The reactivated line would potentially have two new stations, in La Crosse, Virginia and in Henderson, North Carolina, subject to planning by the municipalities.[83][84] Five daily round trips are proposed run on the line, including four trips between Penn Station in New York City or Washington Union Station and North Carolina, with one trip terminating in Raleigh while the other three continue to Charlotte, similar to the existing Carolinian, with one trip per day proposed to serve both of the new stops. The Silver Star would also be rerouted from the current routing via Rocky Mount and Selma to the S-line, as it did prior to the closing of the line in the 1980s. The Carolinian would continue to provide service on the existing route once a day.

The overall project cost for fully restoring and improving the S line, including the curve straightening and new bridges necessary to raise top speeds to 110 mph, has been estimated at roughly $4 billion. In response, the North Carolina-Virginia Interstate High-Speed Rail Compact Commission has proposed investigating a staged effort that would first restore the S line to its 79 mph max speed state from the 1980s, and pursue other improvements only after service was restored.[10] This would have the benefit of reducing the travel time between Richmond and Raleigh by nearly one hour for a much lower startup cost, though it may somewhat increase the cost of performing the later improvements. The Silver Star would also travel over a restored S line, as it did before 1986, and would also see the improvement in travel time.[85]

As part of Atlantic Gateway, Virginia sought to take control of the abandoned S Line right-of-way between Petersburg and the North Carolina border.[86] In late 2019, negotiations were concluded and CSX, Virginia, and North Carolina reached separate deals that called for the two states to acquire the portions of the S-Line within their respective boundaries. Virginia will acquire 65 miles of the S-Line between the North Carolina-Virginia line and Petersburg, while North Carolina will acquire 10 miles of the line between Ridgeway and the North Carolina-Virginia line. North Carolina officials said that the Virginia deal will boost their efforts to acquire the remainder of the S-Line to Raleigh, which remains in light service as the Norlina Subdivision of CSX carrying some freight traffic.[16]

Raleigh–Charlotte

[edit]

The segment of the corridor between Raleigh and Charlotte travels along currently operational lines of the North Carolina Railroad, roughly parallel to I-85. The portion of the route between Raleigh and Greensboro is over the H-line, while the Greensboro–Charlotte section travels along Norfolk Southern's main line. (While the lines are owned by the North Carolina Railroad, Norfolk Southern has an operational contract for trackage rights.) Both see current freight and passenger traffic (Amtrak's Carolinian and Piedmont), with freight traffic along the main line particularly heavy. However, double-tracking was removed from several sections of the Greensboro to Charlotte main line since its heyday, and significant signal upgrades, curve straightening, super-elevation, and restoration will be required to support high-speed passenger service along the corridor without interfering with freight operations.

NCDOT has worked with NS, CSX, and the NCRR to restore the double-tracking and make other incremental upgrades, a process that reduced the travel time between Raleigh and Charlotte by 35 minutes from 2001 to 2010. Additional work began in 2010 under the Piedmont Improvement Project, funded by a $520 million grant under the 2009 ARRA stimulus.[87] The PIP projects included restoring complete double-track between Greensboro and Charlotte, adding passing sidings between Raleigh and Greensboro, straightening several curves, closing crossings, and building bridges to separate train and highway movements, all of which were completed by January 2018.[88] The ARRA funds, along with funds from the City of Raleigh and NC DOT, also constructed Raleigh Union Station, a replacement train station located at the Boylan Wye intersection of the H and S lines. The station opened in July 2018 with a concourse and platform along the H line only, but space is reserved for future construction of a northern concourse and platform along the S-line for future SEHSR trains.

Charlotte–Atlanta

[edit]

Added to the SEHSR Corridor in 1998, a feasibility study was completed in August 2008 on the further extension from Charlotte through Spartanburg and Greenville, South Carolina to Atlanta and then Macon, Georgia.[89] Further extensions to Savannah, Georgia, along with an extension from Raleigh through Columbia, South Carolina to Savannah and on to Jacksonville, Florida are also part of the federally designated SEHSR corridor, but those extensions have not yet been studied. All feasibility studies have suggested that synergy between parts of SEHSR and the neighboring Northeast Corridor is important. The Charlotte to Raleigh portion is predicted to be much more profitable with the corridor connected to D.C. and the Northeast Corridor. Similarly, the feasibility study found it much easier to justify the Charlotte to Atlanta and Macon route if the Charlotte to D.C. portion was completed. Atlanta is also the connecting point between SEHSR and federally designated Gulf Coast Corridor.[90]

In May 2013, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT), initiated a Tier I Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for passenger rail service between Charlotte and Atlanta. During the scoping phase, the six possible routes from the feasibility study were reduced to the following three:

  • Alternative 1: Southern Crescent
Using the existing Norfolk Southern right-of-way, coextensive with the middle leg of Amtrak's Crescent. The estimated 237-mile (381 km) route would have an estimated travel time of 4:35~5:34 hours, train speed between 79 mph (127 km/h) to 110 mph (177 km/h), with four round trips per day. The route has the lowest capital expenditure cost at $2 billion to $2.3 billion, but is also the least competitive compared to auto and air travel.
Potential stations would be at: Charlotte Gateway → Charlotte Airport → Gastonia → Spartanburg → Greenville → Clemson → Toccoa → Gainesville → Suwanee → Doraville → Atlanta MMPT → Atlanta Airport.[91][12]
  • Alternative 2: Interstate 85
Using the existing Interstate 85 right-of-way. The estimated 244-mile (393 km) route would have an estimated travel time of 2:42~2:50 hours, train speed between 125 mph (201 km/h) to 180 mph (290 km/h), with 14 round trips per day. The route has the highest capital expenditure cost at $13.3 billion to $15.4 billion, but would be competitive against auto travel.
Potential stations would at: Charlotte Gateway → Charlotte Airport → Gastonia → Spartanburg → Greenville → Anderson → Commerce → Suwanee → Doraville → Atlanta MMPT → Atlanta Airport.[91][12]
  • Alternative 3: Greenfield
The Greenfield alternative is a dedicated-use alternative primarily on new right-of-way. The estimated 267-mile (430 km) route would have an estimated travel time of 2:06~2:44 hours, train speed between 125 mph (201 km/h) to 220 mph (354 km/h), with 16-22 round trips per day. The route would have a capital expenditure cost at $6.2 billion to $8.4 billion, but would be competitive against both auto and air travel, when access and security clearance times are included.
Potential stations would at: Charlotte Gateway → Charlotte Airport → South Gastonia → Greenville–Spartanburg Airport → Anderson → Athens → Suwanee → Doraville → Atlanta MMPT → Atlanta Airport.[91][12]

In September 2019, the Tier I EIS was completed. Final selection of a preferred route and approach into Atlanta will be deferred to the Tier II EIS, currently unfunded.[92]

Atlanta and further south

[edit]

There are three routes out of Atlanta being considered for high/higher speed rail. In 2012, during the study for the Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement, two main alternatives for higher speed rail have been considered. The first alternative is called Shared Use with top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h) to 110 mph (177 km/h). The second alternative is called Hybrid High Performance with top speeds of 130 mph (209 km/h). There are also high-speed rail alternatives in the same study with top speeds of 180 mph (290 km/h) to 220 mph (354 km/h) or higher.[93]

The three routes are:

For the Louisville route, a feasibility study indicated that the high-speed trains for this link would be economically feasible. The stations along the route could include Cartersville and Dalton in Georgia; Chattanooga, Murfreesboro and Nashville in Tennessee; and Bowling Green and Elizabethtown in Kentucky.[94] Although the Atlanta-Louisville high-speed rail link is not federally designated, the link will connect two federally designated corridors, SEHSR and Chicago Hub Network. The same route has been included in the US High Speed Rail Network of the US High Speed Rail Association, a non-profit advocacy group.[95]

In June 2012, a feasibility study report presented to the State Transportation Board of Georgia indicated that a high-speed rail between Atlanta and Jacksonville would be economically feasible. Fares between Atlanta and Jacksonville would range between $119.41 and $152.24. The construction for that route would cost from $5 billion to $16 billion.[96]

Western Virginia

[edit]

Another proposed rail project, known as the Transdominion Express, would connect to SEHSR and extend from Richmond west to Lynchburg and from Washington, D.C. (Alexandria) south via an existing Virginia Railway Express route to Manassas, extending on south to Charlottesville, Lynchburg, Roanoke and Bristol on the Tennessee border.[97]

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Stimulus)

[edit]

On January 28, 2010, the White House announced that Southeast Corridor would receive $620 Million of its request.[98] This money is primarily for capacity upgrades along the Raleigh–Charlotte portion of the corridor (aka the Piedmont Improvement Program), along with some money for the Richmond–D.C. portion, as the Tier II Environmental Impact Statement for the important Raleigh–Richmond portion is not expected to be complete until 2015.

See also

[edit]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The estimated costs for the Washington D.C.-Charlotte segment include a projected $1.9 billion cost for the construction of the Long Bridge expansion, $5.6 billion cost for the remainder of improvements to the Washington D.C.-Richmond segment, an approximately $4 billion estimated cost for the Richmond-Raleigh segment and ~$500 million spent between Raleigh and Charlotte/

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Record of Decision for the Tier 1 Southeast High Speed Rail Project". United States Department of Transportation. October 1, 2002. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "High-speed trains to go through Triad cities". Bizjournals.com. American Cities Business Journals. March 22, 2002. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  3. ^ "About". North Carolina Department of Transportation. August 27, 2020.
  4. ^ "Southeast Corridor" (PDF). North Carolina Department of Transportation. August 27, 2020.
  5. ^ "High-speed rail to Hampton Roads one step closer". The Virginian-Pilot. 1 September 2012.
  6. ^ a b c "Environmental Impact Statement for the Southeast High Speed Rail Project From Washington, DC to Richmond, VA". Federal Register. October 23, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Ben Goldman (June 25, 2019). "Improving Intercity Passenger Rail Service in the United States" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 24. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  8. ^ "Amtrak System Map October 2018" (PDF). Amtrak. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  9. ^ "Host Railroad Report Card & FAQ" (PDF). Amtrak. pp. 7, 8. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  10. ^ a b c "Two states see slow start for fast trains between Raleigh and Richmond | News & Observer". Newsobserver.com. 2014-10-23. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
  11. ^ a b Siceloff, Bruce (February 8, 2016). "Road Worrier: NC rail plan not high speed, but it's better and better". Newsobserver.com. The News & Observer. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d e Henderson, Bruce (October 18, 2019). "High-speed rail could link Charlotte to Atlanta in 2 hours. Have your say next week". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  13. ^ Ted Mann (March 17, 2019). "Train War Goes Off the Rails—And Onto Twitter". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  14. ^ Lazo, Luz (4 June 2015). "Virginia bets on higher-speed rail by 2025". Washington Post. Retrieved October 4, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ Lazo, Luz (8 December 2015). "Plans for higher-speed rail between Richmond and Washington on track". Washington Post. Retrieved October 4, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ a b c Richard Stradling (December 23, 2019). "High-speed rail from Raleigh to Richmond just got a little closer to reality". The News & Observer.
  17. ^ a b c d e f Lazo, Luz (19 December 2019). "Virginia to build Long Bridge and acquire CSX right of way to expand passenger train service". Washington Post. Retrieved 19 December 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Cite error: The named reference "WaPo Dec 2019" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  18. ^ Lauren Ohnesorge (July 7, 2016). "How a $1.4B DOT plan in Virginia could boost high-speed rail in N.C." Triangle Business Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  19. ^ a b c d Jordan Pascale (September 11, 2019). "Virginia Gets Green Light To Add Railway Tracks Between D.C. And Richmond". Wamu.org. The News & Observer. Retrieved August 27, 2020. Cite error: The named reference "WAMU Sept 2019" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  20. ^ "Chronology of High-Speed Rail Corridors". Federal Railroad Administration, Department of Transportation. 7 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  21. ^ Allison L. C. de Cerreño (March 2004). "High-Speed Rail Projects in the U.S.: Identifying the Elements for Success Interim Report – Preliminary Review of Cases and Recommendations for Phase 2" (PDF). NYU Wagner Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management. p. 16. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  22. ^ "N.C., Va. take big step toward high-speed rail". ble-t.org. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. November 14, 2002. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  23. ^ "DRAFT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN for Southeast High-Speed Rail Washington, DC to Charlotte, NC" (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. October 2002. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  24. ^ "Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor". North Carolina Department of Transportation/Virginia Department of Transportation. October 29, 2002. Archived from the original on March 5, 2003. Retrieved September 1, 2020. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; November 29, 2002 suggested (help)
  25. ^ "Project History". North Carolina Department of Transportation/Virginia Department of Transportation. March 8, 2006. Archived from the original on May 1, 2006. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  26. ^ "Project History". North Carolina Department of Transportation/Virginia Department of Transportation. April 2010. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  27. ^ a b c "Atlantic Coast Effective May 1, 2020" (PDF). juckins.net. Amtrak. May 1, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  28. ^ a b c "Amtrak Fact Sheet, FY2019, Commonwealth of Virginia" (PDF). Amtrak Government Affairs. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  29. ^ a b "1 Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action" (PDF). railroads.dot.gov. pp. 5, 21–23. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  30. ^ a b "VIRGINIA SERVICE - Boston - Norfolk - March 16, 2020" (PDF). Amtrak.com. March 16, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  31. ^ Mark Robinson (October 10, 2017). "Shockoe Bottom or the Boulevard? Richmonders weigh in on high speed rail expansion". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  32. ^ a b c d e Michael Martz (December 19, 2019). "Virginia has $3.7 billion deal to expand rail service between Richmond and Washington". The Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  33. ^ Max Smith (December 6, 2016). "New Northern Va. train tracks could provide I-95 alternative right to downtown Richmond". WTOP-FM. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  34. ^ a b Kelly Avellino (September 27, 2021). "New Amtrak rail service launches from Richmond's Main St. Station to D.C." WWBT. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  35. ^ a b "Amtrak expands rail service from Main Street Station in Downtown". Richmond Free Press. September 30, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jeremy M. Lazarus (December 27, 2019). "$3.7B transportation deal to boost rail service from Richmond to D.C." Richmond Free Press. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  37. ^ a b c Max Smith (May 15, 2018). "More Amtrak and VRE service recommended in Va". WTOP-FM. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  38. ^ Rick Horner (July 23, 2019). "New rail bridge, train station envisioned in Fredericksburg". Potomac Local News. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  39. ^ "Southeast High-Speed Rail DC to Richmond: Record of Decision". railroads.dot.gov. September 5, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  40. ^ Megan Cloherty (September 12, 2019). "Virginia's DC2RVA rail project would increase trains, reliability". WTOP-FM. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  41. ^ Mechelle Hankerson (September 12, 2019). "Groups want a passenger train route from the 'Blue Ridge to the beach'". WWBT/Virginia Mercury. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  42. ^ a b Debbie Truong (February 7, 2016). "Ashland not on board with one option for high-speed railway". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  43. ^ Michael O'Connor (November 9, 2017). "DRPT recommends 3-2-3 rail option through Ashland for planned D.C.-to-Richmond service". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  44. ^ a b c d e Max Smith (December 19, 2019). "Major Amtrak, VRE expansion set under $3.7 billion Virginia-CSX deal". WTOP-FM. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  45. ^ "DC2RVA Tier II Final Environmental Impact Statement APPENDIX F REFINED OPERATIONS ANALYSIS MODELING TECHNICAL MEMOS" (PDF). railroads.dot.gov. pp. 7, 10, 19, 25–26. Retrieved September 24, 2020. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 100 (help)
  46. ^ Scott Shenk (August 11, 2019). "GETTING THERE: Will rail expansion ease congestion on Interstate 95?". The Free-Lance Star. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  47. ^ Scott McCaffrey (July 12, 2017). "VRE getting closer to decision on future of Crystal City station". InsideNOVA. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  48. ^ a b c d "DC2RVA Tier II Final Environmental Impact Statement Chapter 4 Selection of the Preferred Alternative" (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. May 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  49. ^ a b c d Julia Marsigliano (September 19, 2019). "More Amtrak trains are coming to Hampton Roads, but not any time soon". WYDaily. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  50. ^ Michael Martz (November 30, 2018). "New report highlights 'clear disparities' by income and race in Richmond-area access to transportation". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  51. ^ a b Lazo, Luz (11 January 2020). "Virginia's $3.7 billion rail plan called a 'game changer.' Here's what we know about it". Washington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ^ "FRA funds third track for northern Virginia". Railway Age. September 18, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  53. ^ "Virginia seeks project manager for Atlantic Gateway". Railway Age. February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  54. ^ Robert Zullo (March 20, 2016). "$132 million reworking of CSX's Acca yard proceeding step by step". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  55. ^ Chris Suarez (March 5, 2019). "State transportation officials announce completion of bypass designed to alleviate Acca Yard bottleneck". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  56. ^ Robert Zullo (March 19, 2018). "CSX maintenance means major service interruptions for Amtrak travelers next week". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  57. ^ Robert Zullo (April 16, 2018). "More delays coming at Staples Mill Amtrak station next week". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  58. ^ a b Laris, Michael (2 March 2019). "Virginia's public rail strategy calls for funding private rail fixes". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  59. ^ "Virginia Capacity Projects". CSX Transportation. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  60. ^ Kimberly Pierceall (September 22, 2020). "Amtrak, which shrank service to 2 roundtrips in Norfolk and Newport News, has revived routes". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  61. ^ a b Jordan Pascale (August 14, 2017). "Whatever happened to "high speed" passenger rail service from Norfolk to Washington". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  62. ^ a b Jeff Sheler (January 6, 2011). "Plans are on track, but will train stop in Suffolk?". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved January 16, 2021. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  63. ^ a b c Robyn Sidersky (January 30, 2020). "Norfolk to get third Amtrak train as part of landmark transportation deal". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  64. ^ a b "Richmond-Hampton Roads Passenger Rail Project: Tier I EIS Record of Decision". United States Department of Transportation. December 7, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  65. ^ Debbie Messina; Harry Minium (May 27, 2009). "Schism grows over regional high-speed rail route". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  66. ^ Debbie Messina; Harry Minium (August 7, 2009). "Rail backers press for service for Hampton Roads". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved February 7, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  67. ^ Dave Forster (August 30, 2012). "Amtrak rolls out ticket prices for Norfolk". The Virginian-Pilot. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  68. ^ Dave Forster (December 10, 2012). "Ready to ride on Amtrak in Norfolk? Here's a guide". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  69. ^ Dave Forster (December 13, 2012). "From Norfolk to D.C. and back - on an Amtrak train". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  70. ^ Ashley Halsey III (August 30, 2012). "After 35-year hiatus, passenger rail returns to Norfolk". Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  71. ^ Tracy Agnew (October 5, 2012). "Passenger trains to start running soon". Suffolk News-Herald. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  72. ^ Julia Marsigliano (September 19, 2019). "Amtrak will begin additional service to Hampton Roads in March". WYDaily. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  73. ^ "New train stations could be coming to Newport News". Newport News Daily Press. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  74. ^ Diane McFarland (September 18, 2014). "Transportation center slated for Newport News". dailypress.com. Newport News Daily Press. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  75. ^ "Newport News transportation project delayed again, completion goal set for 2021". dailypress.com. March 11, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2021. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name= ignored (help)
  76. ^ Josh Reyes (July 22, 2020). "Long-awaited transportation hub, Amtrak station in Newport News slated to open in two years". dailypress.com. Newport News Daily Press. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  77. ^ Jimmy LaRoue (November 2, 2020). "Selling a vision of Peanut Crossing". Suffolk News-Herald. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  78. ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, FY2019, State of North Carolina" (PDF). Amtrak Government Affairs. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  79. ^ Philip Newswanger (August 10, 2012). "Norfolk Southern extends its lease in N.C." The Virginian-Pilot Hampton Roads Business Journal Inside Business. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  80. ^ a b John Ramsey (September 15, 2018). "Richmond-to-Raleigh high-speed rail plan approved". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  81. ^ "Southeast High Speed Rail, Richmond, VA, to Raleigh, NC - TIER II Final Environmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(F) Evaluation". Federal Railroad Administration. September 18, 2015. pp. 14, 18–23, 37, 87–105, 108–118, 119–125, 127–144, 150–151. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  82. ^ Virginia – North Carolina High Speed Rail Compact (January 9, 2012). "Intercity Higher Speed Rail in Virginia and North Carolina: A high-performance linkage to the Northeast Corridor (NEC)" (PDF). Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  83. ^ Susan Kyte (July 18, 2016). "High speed rail service in Southside moves ahead". SoVaNow.com. South Boston News & Record and Mecklenburg Sun. Retrieved September 5, 2021. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |publisher= at position 27 (help)
  84. ^ "Rail agreement points to future of high speed travel in La Crosse". SoVaNow.com. South Boston News & Record and Mecklenburg Sun. March 31, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  85. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  86. ^ "What to expect from Virginia's Atlantic Gateway projects". The Washington Post. July 8, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  87. ^ "NCDOT: Piedmont Improvement Program". NCDOT.gov. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  88. ^ "NCDOT: Largest Program of Improvements to State's Rail Infrastructure Complete". NCDOT.gov. 2018-01-10. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  89. ^ "Atlanta to Charlotte". Georgia Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  90. ^ "Evaluation of High-Speed Rail Options in the Macon-Atlanta-Greenville-Charlotte Rail Corridor" (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. August 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  91. ^ a b c "Atlanta to Charlotte Passenger Rail Corridor Investment Plan - Alternatives Development Report" (PDF). Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Department of Transportation. October 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  92. ^ "Southeast High-Speed Rail: Atlanta to Charlotte Passenger Rail Corridor - Federal Railroad Administration". Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  93. ^ "Executive Summary: Atlanta Birmingham Corridor" (PDF). Tier 1 EIS. Georgia Department of Transportation. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  94. ^ "Study: High-speed trains across South are feasible". The Miami Herald. June 21, 2012.
  95. ^ "US High Speed Rail Network Map". US High Speed Rail Association. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
  96. ^ "High-speed rail from Atlanta to Jacksonville feasible, study says". The Florida Times Union. June 20, 2012.
  97. ^ Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (2011). "Amtrak Virginia". Virginia.gov.
  98. ^ "Fact Sheet: High Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program: Charlotte - Raleigh - Richmond - Washington, D.C." Whitehouse.gov. 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
[edit]

Category:High-speed railway lines in the United States Category:Passenger rail transportation in Virginia Category:Passenger rail transportation in North Carolina Category:Transport corridors

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PrecipiceofDuck/sandbox_19&oldid=1238289784"