List of high-speed trains
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2011) |
The following is a list of high-speed trains that have been, are, or will be in commercial service.
A high-speed train is generally defined as one which operates at or over 125 mph (200 km/h) in regular passenger service, with a high level of service, and often comprising multi-powered elements.
In these tables, two or three maximum speeds are given: the column "Operated" refers to the maximum speed reached by the train in commercial operations, while the column "Design" refers to the theoretical maximum speed in commercial operations as announced by the manufacturer. Finally, a third "Record" speed may also be listed if there is an independently verified speed record.
Multiple units
[edit]High-speed trains currently or soon in service
[edit]| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power distribution |
Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated | Designed | Record | ||||||||
| Acela Express (1st generation) |
 Amtrak
|
TGV & LRC derived | Alstom Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
240 (150 mph) | 266 (165 mph) | 266 (165 mph) | 2000 | .jpg)
|
| Afrosiyob |  Uzbekistan Railways
|
Talgo 250 | Talgo | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2011 | .jpg)
| |
| AGV 575 |  NTV
|
AGV | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
300 | 360 | 2012 | .jpg)
| |
| Alfa Pendular |  CP
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria Adtranz Siemens |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 220[1] | 250 | 1999[1] | _at_Santa_Apol%C3%B3nia_train_station_(49562641467).jpg)
| |
| American Pioneer 220 | Brightline West
|
Velaro | Siemens Mobility | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 380 (240 mph) | 2027 | |||
| Alvia Class 120, 121 (variable gauge) |
 Renfe
|
CAF Alstom |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2004 | 
| ||
| Alvia Class 130 (variable gauge) | Talgo 250 | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2007 | 
| ||
| Alvia Class 730 (variable gauge) |
concentrated (2 electric power cars, 2 diesel-generator trailers) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC Diesel (electric transmission) |
2012 | 
| ||||||
| Avant Class 104 | Pendolino | Alstom CAF |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2003 | 
| ||
| Avant Class 114 | New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2009 | 
| ||
| AVE Class 100 | TGV | GEC-Alstom CAF |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
300 | 300 | 357 | 1992 | 
| |
| AVE Class 102, 112 | Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 365 | 2005 | 
| |
| AVE Class 103 | Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 380 | 403.7[2] | 2006 | 
| |
| AVE Class 106 | Talgo AVRIL | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
310 | 380 | 363 | 2024 | 
| |
| Avelia Horizon |  Proxima
|
Alstom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
350 | 2028 | ||||
| Avelia Liberty | Amtrak
|
TGV & New Pendolino derived | Alstom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
350 (220 mph)[3] | 2024 | 
| ||
| Bely Krechet |  RZD
|
Ural Locomotives | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 400 | 2028 | 
| |||
| BR Class 43 (InterCity 125) |
 Abellio ScotRail Great Western Railway Network Rail Tren Interoceánico
|
HST | BREL | concentrated (2 power cars) | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 238 (148 mph) | 1976 | 
|
| BR Class 180 Alstom Coradia | Grand Central
|
Coradia | Alstom | distributed | Diesel (hydraulic transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2002 | 
| |
| BR Class 220 | CrossCountry
|
Voyager | Bombardier | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2001 | 
| |
| BR Class 221 Bombardier Voyager | CrossCountry Avanti West Coast Grand Central
|
Bombardier | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2002 | 
| ||
| BR Class 222 | East Midlands Railway
|
Bombardier | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2004 | 
| ||
| BR Class 390 Alstom Pendolino | Avanti West Coast
|
Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 248 (154 mph) | 2002 | 
|
| BR Class 395 Javelin Hitachi AT300 | Southeastern
|
A-train | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 750 V DC (3rd rail) |
225 (140 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 252 (157 mph)[4] | 2009 | 
|
| BR Class 397 | TransPennine Express
|
CAF Civity | CAF | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2019 | 
| |
| BR Class 800 | Great Western Railway London North Eastern Railway
|
A-train | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2017 | 
| |
| BR Class 801 | London North Eastern Railway
|
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2019 | 
| ||
| BR Class 802 | Great Western Railway Hull Trains TransPennine Express
|
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2018 | 
| ||
| BR Class 803 | Lumo
|
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2021 | 
| ||
| BR Class 805 | Avanti West Coast
|
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
177 (110 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2024 | 
| ||
| BR Class 807 | Avanti West Coast
|
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 225 (140 mph) | 2025 | 
| |||
| BR Class 810 | East Midlands Railway
|
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
225 (140 mph) | 2025 | 
| |||
| CRH1A & CRH1B |  China Railway
|
Regina | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 278 | 2007 | 
|
| CRH1E | Zefiro | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2009 | 
| ||
| CRH1A-A CRH1E-250 |
CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2016 | 
| |||
| CRH2A CRH2B CRH2E |
Shinkansen | Kawasaki CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2007 | 
| ||
| CRH2C | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 350 | 350 | 2008 | 
| ||
| CRH2E (New Batch, sleeper) | Shinkansen derived | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | .jpg)
| ||
| CRH2G | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | _Train_Approaching_Pingyao_Ancient_City_Railway_Station,_Oct_5_2023.png)
| |||
| CRH3A | Pendolino & Velaro derived | CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | .jpg)
| ||
| CRH3C | Velaro | Siemens CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 350 | 394.2 | 2008 | 
| |
| CRH5A | New Pendolino | Alstom CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2007 | 
| ||
| CRH5G | New Pendolino derived | CNR Changchun | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | .jpg)
| ||
| CRH5E | CNR Changchun | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2019 | .jpg)
| |||
| CRH6A | Hexie | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 220 | 2014 | .jpg)
| ||
| CRH380A & AL | Shinkansen | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 380 | 486.1 | 2010 | 
| |
| CRH380B, BL & CL | Velaro | Siemens CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 380 | 487.3 | 2011 | 
| |
| CRH380D | Zefiro | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 380 | 483 | 2012 | 
| |
| CR300AF | Fuxing | CRRC Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 2019 | 
| ||
| CR300BF | CRRC Changchun | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 2019 | 
| |||
| CR400AF, -A & -B | CRRC Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[5] | 400 | 420 | 2017 | .jpg)
| ||
| CR400BF, -A & -B | CRRC Tangshan CRRC Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[5] | 400 | 420 | 2017 | .jpg)
| ||
| DSB IC5 |  DSB
|
Coradia Stream | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 2027 | |||
| ED250 |  PKP Intercity
|
New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 3 kV DC | 200 | 250 | 291[6] | 2014 | 
|
| ČD Class 680 |  ČD
|
Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC, 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC and 3 kV DC | 160 | 230 | 237 | 2006 | .jpg)
|
| ETR 460 | Trenitalia
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria | distributed | 3 kV DC | 250 | 250 | 1994 | 
| |
| ETR 470 |  SBB
|
distributed | 3 kV DC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 250 | 1996–2014 | .jpg)
| |||
| Trenitalia
|
1996–2021 | |||||||||
 Hellenic Train
|
2022 | |||||||||
| ETR 480 / ETR 485 | Trenitalia
|
distributed | 3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250 | 250 | 1997 | .jpg)
| |||
| ETR 500 (2nd gen) | Alstom Bombardier AnsaldoBreda |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC (500F) |
300 | 300 | 362[7] | 2000 | 
| ||
| ETR 600 | New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2008 | .jpg)
| ||
| ETR 610 | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2008 | .jpg)
| |||
| ETR 675 | NTV
|
Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2017 | 
| ||
| ETR 700 (Previously known as V250) | Trenitalia (Previously  NS SNCB)
|
AnsaldoBreda | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2012 - 2013 2019 |
| ||
| ETR 1000 (Frecciarossa 1000) | Trenitalia Iryo
|
Zefiro | Bombardier AnsaldoBreda |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
300 | 360 | 393.8[8] | 2015 | 
|
| BR Class 373 Eurostar e300 Alstom TGV TMST (initially known as BR Class 373 or TGV TMST) |
Eurostar IZY
|
TGV | GEC-Alstom | concentrated with additional distributed traction (2 power cars, 2 pass. semi-motor cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC 750 V DC (3rd rail, no longer in use) |
300 (190 mph) | 300 (190 mph) | 334.7 (208.0 mph) | 1993 | _(cropped).JPG)
|
| Eurostar e320 Siemens Velaro | Eurostar
|
Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
300 (190 mph) | 320 (200 mph) | 352 (219 mph) | 2015 | 
|
| Flytoget Class 78 |  Flytoget
|
Oaris | CAF | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 250 | 2021 | 
| |
| GMB Class 71 | X 2000 derived | Adtranz Strømmen |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 210 | 1998 | 
| ||
| ICE 1 |  DB
|
ICE | Siemens ABB AEG Krauss-Maffei Krupp Thyssen Henschel |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 280 | 280 | 310 | 1991 | 
|
| ICE 2 | Siemens Adtranz |
concentrated (1 power car) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 280 | 280 | 316 | 1996 | 
| ||
| ICE 3 Class 403, 406 | DB NS
|
Velaro | Siemens Bombardier |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC [N 1] 1.5 kV DC [N 2] 3 kV DC [N 2] |
320 | 330 | 368 | 2000 | 
|
| ICE 3 Class 407 | DB
|
Siemens | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 352[9] | 2013 | 
| |
| ICE 3 Class 408 | DB
|
Velaro Neo | Siemens | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 352 | 2022[10] | .jpg)
|
| ICE T | DB ÖBB
|
ICE (contains Pendolino technology) | Siemens Duewag Fiat Ferroviaria |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 230 | 230 | 255 | 2005 | 
|
| ICE 4 | DB
|
ICE | Siemens Bombardier (now Alstom) |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 265 | 265 | 292[11] | 2017 | .jpg)
|
| IC2 | DB
|
KISS | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2020 | 
| |
| Stadler KISS | WESTbahn
|
2011 | 
| |||||||
| SOKO |  Srbija Voz
|
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 2022 | .jpg)
| ||||||
| Intercity Nieuwe Generatie | NS
|
Coradia Stream | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2023 | 
| |
| KCIC400AF |  KCIC
|
Fuxing | CRRC Qingdao Sifang | distributed | 27.5 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[12] | 400 | 420 | 2023 | .jpg)
|
| KTX-I |  Korail
|
TGV | Alstom Hyundai Rotem |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 330 | 2004 | .jpg)
| |
| KTX-Sancheon | KTX | Hyundai Rotem | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 330 | 2010 | 
| ||
| KTX-Eum | Hyundai Rotem | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 286 | 2020 | 
| |||
| KTX-Cheongryong | Hyundai Rotem | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 352 | 2024 | 
| |||
| NSB Class 73 | Go-Ahead Norge SJ Norge Vy
|
X 2000 derived | Adtranz Strømmen |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 210 | 1999 | 
| |
| NSB Class 74/75 | Vy
|
FLIRT | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200[13] | 200 | 2012 | _75-39_i_Vy-dekor,_Sundhaugen,_Drammen.jpg)
| |
| Oxygène | SNCF
|
CAF | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 2027 | 
| |||
| RABDe 500 | SBB
|
ICN | Alstom Bombardier |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2000 | 
| |
| RABe 501 | SMILE | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 275 | 2019 | .jpg)
| |
| RABe 502 | TWINDEXX | Bombardier | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200[14] | 200 | 2018 | 
| ||
| RABe 503 | New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2008 | 
| ||
| Regio 2N (Z 56500) |
SNCF
|
Omneo | Bombardier | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2017 | .JPG)
| |
| EVS1/EVS2 Sapsan | RZD
|
Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250 | 350 | 290 | 2009 | 
|
| SAR push-pull train |  SAR
|
CAF | concentrated (1 power car) | Diesel (electric transmission) | 200 | 200 | 2017 | 
| ||
| 500 Series Shinkansen |  JR West
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 320 | 1997 | 
| |
| 700 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 285 | 285 | 1999 | 
| |||
| N700 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR Kyushu JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 332[15] | 2007 | 
| ||
| N700A Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 2013 | 
| |||
| N700S Series Shinkansen | JR Central
|
Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 362[16] | 2020 | 
| ||
| N700S Series Shinkansen | JR Kyushu
|
Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 360 | 2022 | 
| |||
| N700S Series Shinkansen |  THSR
|
Hitachi Rail Toshiba |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 360 | 2026 | |||||
| 800 Series Shinkansen | JR Kyushu
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 285 | 2004 | 
| |||
| E2 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 275 | 275 | 362 | 1997 | 
| ||
| E3 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Kawasaki Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 275[17] | 275 | 1997 | 
| |||
| E5 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320[17] | 360 | 2011 | 
| |||
| E5 Series Shinkansen |  NHSRCL
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 2026 | 
| ||||
| H5 Series Shinkansen | JR Hokkaido
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320 | 360 | 2016 | 
| |||
| E6 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320[18] | 360 | 2013 | 
| |||
| E7 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki J-TREC |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260[19] | 275[19] | 2014 | 
| |||
| W7 Series Shinkansen | JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260[19] | 275[19] | 2015 | 
| |||
| E8 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Kawasaki | 20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 300 | 2024 | 
| |||
| Sm3 |  VR
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria Rautaruukki Transtech |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 242 | 1995 | 
|
| Talgo 350 SRO | SRO
|
Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 2018[20] | 
| |
| Talgo AVRIL | Le Train
|
Talgo AVRIL | Talgo | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
330 | 2025[21] | |||
| TCDD HT65000 |  TCDD Taşımacılık
|
CAF | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2009 | 
| ||
| TCDD HT80000 | Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 2015 | 
| ||
| TGV Atlantique | SNCF
|
TGV | Alsthom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
300 | 300 | 515.3 | 1989 | 
|
| TGV Réseau | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 1993 | .jpg)
| ||||
| TGV Duplex | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 1995 | .jpg)
| ||||
| TGV Oceane | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 2017 | .jpg)
| ||||
| TGV POS | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
320 | 320 | 574.8 | 2006 | .jpg)
| |||
| TGV Euroduplex | SNCF TGV Lyria ONCF Ouigo España
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 2011 | 
| |||
| TGV M (Horizon) | SNCF
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
350[22] | 2025 | _(cropped).jpg)
| ||||
| PBA | Eurostar
|
GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
300 | 320 | 1996 | 
| |||
| PBKA | Eurostar
|
GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
300 | 320 | 1997 | 
| |||
| THSR 700T | THSR
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 315 | 315[23] | 2007 | 
|
| Vibrant Express |  MTR Corporation[24]
|
CRH380A | CRRC Qingdao Sifang[25] | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 2018[26][27] | .jpg)
| |
| X2 |  SJ
|
X 2000 | Adtranz ABB |
concentrated (1 power car) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 210 | 276 | 1989 | 
|
| X3 | Arlanda Express
|
Coradia | GEC-Alsthom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 205 | 1998 | 
| |
| X40 | SJ
|
Alstom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2006 | 
| ||
| X50 - 55 | SJ Vy Tåg Västtrafik Veolia Transport
|
Regina | Bombardier | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 250 | 303 | 2000 | 
|
| X74 | VR Sverige
|
Stadler FLIRT | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2015 | 
| |
| ER1 | Tåg i Bergslagen (TiB)
|
Stadler Dosto | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2019 | 
| |
| X80 | Västtrafik
|
Zefiro | Bombardier | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 2025 | 
| ||
| Zefiro Express | SJ
|
Zefiro | Alstom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 250 | 2026 | |||
| Z-TER | SNCF
|
Alstom Bombardier |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2003 | 
| ||
High-speed trains no longer in service
[edit]| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power distribution |
Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated | Designed | Record | ||||||||
| BR Class 370 | InterCity
|
APT | BREL | concentrated (2 intermediate power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 250 (160 mph) | 261 (162 mph)[28] | 1980—1986 | 
|
| DJJ1 "Blue Arrow" | Guangshen Railway
|
Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co | concentrated (1 power car) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 210 | 235.6 | 2000—2012 | 
| |
| DJJ2 "China Star" | Qinshen railway
|
Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 270 | 321.5 | 2002—2006 | 
| |
| DB Class 403 (1973) | DB
|
AEG BBC Siemens |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 220 | 225 | 1972—1993 | .jpg)
| |
| ER200 |  RZD
|
RVR | distributed | 3 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 220 | 1984—2009 | 
| |
| ETR 450 | Trenitalia
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria | distributed | 3 kV DC | 250 | 280 | 1988—2015 | 
| |
| ETR 500 (1st series) | Trenitalia
|
AnsaldoBreda Fiat Ferroviaria Tecnomasio Firema Trasporti |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 3 kV DC | 250 | 300 | 321 | 1992—2007 | 
| |
| ICE TD | DB DSB
|
Siemens | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 200 | 200 | 222 | 2001—2017 | 
| |
| RENFE Class 490 | Renfe
|
Pendolino | GEC-Alsthom Fiat Ferrovaria |
distributed | 3 kV DC | 220 | 220 | 1998—2014 | 
| |
| Sm6 Allegro | Karelian Trains
|
Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
220 | 220 | 2010 — 2022 | 
| |
| TGV Sud-Est | SNCF
|
TGV | Alsthom | concentrated with additional distributed traction (2 power cars, 2 pass. semi-motor cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
300 | 300 | 380 | 1980—2020 | 
|
| TGV Postal | SNCF (on behalf of La Poste) |
Alsthom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270 | 270 | 1984—2015 | .JPG)
| ||
| 0 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR Central JR West
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Kisha Seizo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 1964—2008 | 
| |
| 100 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 230 | 230 | 277.2 | 1985—2012 | 
| ||
| 200 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 (275 H sets) |
275 | 276.2[29] | 1982—2013 | .jpg)
| ||
| 300 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 270 | 270 | 325.7 | 1992—2012 | 
| ||
| 400 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 345 | 1992—2010 | .jpg)
| ||
| E1 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 1994—2012 | .jpg)
| |||
| E4 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 1997—2021 | 
| |||
Experimental or modified
[edit]| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power distribution |
Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designed | Record | ||||||||
| 300X | JR Central
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 350 | 443[30] | 1994–2002 | 
|
| ALFA-X | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 400 | 400[31] | 2019- | 
| ||
| Class 951 | JNR
|
Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 250 | 286[32] | 1969—1973 | 
| ||
| Class 961 | JNR
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260 | 319[33] | 1973–1981 | 
| ||
| Class 962 | JNR
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 210 | 1979—2003 | 
| |||
| Class 1000 | JNR
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Kisha Seizo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 200 | 256[34] | 1962–1976 | 
| ||
| Fastech 360S | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 405[35] | 2005—2009 | _arrow-line.jpg){kind=icon}
| ||
| Fastech 360Z | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 405[35] | 2005—2009 | _at_Sendai.jpg)
| ||
| STAR21 | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 425[36] | 1992–1998 | 
| ||
| WIN350 | JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 350 | 350[37] | 1992–1995 | .jpg)
| ||
| GCT01 (1st generation) |
JR Kyushu
|
Kawasaki, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50/60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
300 | 246[38] | 1998–2006 | 
| ||
| GCT01 (2nd generation) |
JR Kyushu
|
Kawasaki, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270[39] | ? | 2006–2013 | 
| ||
| FGT9000 | JR Kyushu
|
Kawasaki, Hitachi |
20/25 kV 60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270[40] | ? | 2014- | 
| ||
| HSR-350x | Korail
|
KTX | Hyundai Rotem | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 385 | 352[41] | 2002—2008 | 
|
| HEMU-430X | Korail
|
Hyundai Rotem | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 430 | 421[42] | 2012—2017 | 
| |
| BR APT-E | British Rail
|
APT | British Rail Research Division | concentrated (2 power cars) | Gas turbine (electric transmission) | 250 (160 mph) | 245 (152 mph)[43] | 1972—1976 | 
|
| ICE S | DB
|
ICE | Siemens Adtranz AEG DWA |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 393[44] | 1996 | _24.2.2009.JPG)
| |
| ICE V | DB
|
Siemens AEG BBC Krauss-Maffei Krupp Thyssen Henschel |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 407[45] | 1985–1998 | 
| ||
| TGV 001 | SNCF
|
TGV | Alsthom
Creusot-Loire |
concentrated (2 power cars) | Gas turbine (electric transmission) | 300 | 318 | 1972—1978 | 
|
| Modified unit 325 | SNCF
|
Alstom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
515.3 | 1990 | 
| ||
| TGV V150 | SNCF
|
Alstom | concentrated with additional distributed traction (2 power cars, 2 pass. semi-motor cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
540 | 575[46] | 2007 | .jpg)
| |
| Schienenzeppelin | Franz Kruckenberg
|
Schienenzeppelin | Franz Kruckenberg | concentrated (single railcar) | Petrol engine (with air propeller) | 230 | 1929—1939 | 
| |
| ES250 Sokol | RZD
|
ES250 Sokol | RAO VSM | distributed | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250[47] | 2000—2002 | .jpg)
| |
| Talgo XXI (Talgo BT) | ADIF
|
Talgo XXI | Talgo Krauss-Maffei |
concentrated (1 power car) | Diesel (hydraulic transmission) | 200 | 256[48] | 1999- | 
|
| Talgo 330 | ADIF
|
Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier Krauss-Maffei |
concentrated (1 power car) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 336 | 2007- | 
|
| Talgo AVRIL G3 | Renfe
|
Talgo AVRIL | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
350 | ? | 2012 — | 
|
| High speed freight train | China Railway
|
Fuxing-derived | CRRC Tangshan | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 2020 | ||
Conventionally wheeled locomotive-hauled
[edit]As trains can have multiple configurations on the same service, service name is used as an identifier.
Currently or soon in service
[edit]| Service Name | Operators | Hauled trailers | Locomotive(s) | Loco family | Manufacturer | Formation | Power supply | Operated | Designed | Record | In Service |
Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ComfortJet | České dráhy
|
Siemens Viaggio Comfort | 383 | Vectron | Siemens and Škoda Transportation | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
230 | 2024 | 
| ||
| InterJet | České dráhy
|
Siemens Viaggio Comfort | 383 | Vectron | Siemens and Škoda Transportation | conventional | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
160 | 200 | 2021 | 
| |
| ICE L | Deutsche Bahn
|
Talgo 230 | DB Class 105 | Travca | Talgo | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
230 | 2025 | 
| ||
| FlixTrain | Flix
|
UIC passenger coach types | DB Class 182, 383 | Taurus Vectron | Siemens and Škoda Transportation | conventional | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2017 | .jpg)
| |
| DB Intercity/ Eurocity | Deutsche Bahn
|
DB Intercity carriages | DB Class 101 (previously DB Class 103, DB Class 120) |
Adtranz | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1965 | 
| ||
| SBB IC/SBB IR | SBB
|
IC 2000 | Re 460 | SLM/ABB | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1997 | 
| ||
| Einheitswagen IV/SBB EC carriage | 1996 | .jpg)
| ||||||||||
| Eurocity | SBB EC carriage/Einheitswagen IV (restaurant only) | Depending on country: Re 460 / DB Class 101 / ÖBB Classes 1016/1116/1216 | conventional | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1989 | 
| ||||
| Premier Service | Transport for Wales Rail
|
BR Mark 4 | BR Class 67 | Alstom | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
EMD 12N-710G3B-EC Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2000 | .jpg)
| ||
| InterCity 225 | London North Eastern Railway
|
BR Mark 4 | BR Class 91 | APT | BREL Alstom |
push-pull (loco + cab car) |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 262 (163 mph) | 1988 | 
|
| DSB EuroCity | DSB
|
Litra EC | Litra EB | Vectron | Siemens | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
25 kV 50 Hz AC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200[49] | 2024 | 
| ||
| Railjet | ÖBB ČD
|
Siemens Viaggio Comfort | ES64U2 | Taurus | Siemens | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
230 | 230 | 275[50] | 2008 | 
|
| MARC Train | MARC
|
HHP-8 | HHP-8 | Bombardier Transportation | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
12 kV 25 Hz AC 12.5 kV 60 Hz AC |
201 (125 mph)[51][52] | 217 (135 mph) | 1998 | .jpg)
| ||
| SC-44 | Charger | Siemens | Cummins QSK95 Diesel | 201 (125 mph)[53][54] | 201 (125 mph) | 2018 | 
| |||||
| Northeast Corridor | Amtrak
|
Amfleet | ACS-64 | Sprinter | Siemens | conventional | 12 kV 25 Hz AC
12.5 kV 60 Hz AC 25 kV 60 Hz ACC |
201 (125 mph) | 217 (135 mph) | 2014 | 
| |
| Brightline | FECI
|
Siemens Venture | SCB-40 | Charger | Siemens | push-pull (2 single-ended locos) |
Cummins QSK95 Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2018 | 
| |
| SNCB Intercity | SNCB
|
SNCB I11 &
SNCB M6 & SNCB M7 & |
HLE 13 | Tractis | Alstom | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC 25 kV AC |
200 | 200 | 1997 | 
| |
| SNCB Intercity | SNCB
|
SNCB I11 &
SNCB M6 & |
SNCB HLE 18 & HLE 19 | EuroSprinter | Siemens | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2011 | 
| |
| HellasSprinter | Hellenic Train
|
OSE Class 120 | Eurosprinter | Siemens | conventional | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200[citation needed] | 200 | 1996 | 
| ||
| Nevsky Express (with EP20) |
RZD
|
Tver works family | EP20 | Alstom Prima derived | Transmashholding | conventional | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2012 | 
|
No longer in service
[edit]| Service Name | Type | Operators | Hauled trailers | Locomotive(s) | Loco family | Manufacturer | Formation | Power supply | Operated | Designed | Record | In Service |
Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Le Capitole | Passenger | SNCF
|
UIC-Y coaches /
Grand Confort coaches |
SNCF BB 9200 / SNCF CC 6500 | BB Jacquemin / Nez cassé | Creusot-Loire, Jeumont-Schneider and Compagnie Électro-Mécanique /
Alsthom and MTE |
conventional | 1.5 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 1967—1991 | 
| |
| MVGV (Marchandises exploitées en régime Voyageurs à Grande Vitesse) / Train Bloc Express | Freight (postal) | SERNAM (SNCF)
|
9 postal coaches (total 172 metres long, 297 tonnes) | SNCF BB 22200 | Nez cassé | Alsthom and MTE | conventional | 25 kV 50 Hz AC1500 V DC | 200 | 200 | 1998—2010 | .JPG)
| |
| Guangzhou–Kowloon through train | Passenger | MTR Corporation
|
KTT | Re 460 | Re 460 | SLM ABB Kinki Sharyo |
push-pull (2 locos) |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 160 | 200 | 1998—2020 | 
| |
| Metropolitan Express Train | Passenger | DB
|
MET coaches / Grand Confort coaches | DB Class 101 | DB Class 101 | FTD Fahrzeugtechnik Dessau | push-pull (loco + cab car) |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 1998—2021 | 
| |
| Strizh | Passenger | RZD
|
Talgo 9 | EP20 | Alstom Prima derived | Transmashholding Talgo | conventional | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2015—2022 | 
| |
| Nevsky Express (with ChS200) |
Passenger | RZD
|
Tver works family | ChS200 | Škoda 66E | Škoda | conventional | 3 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 2001—2024 | .jpg)
|
Magnetically levitated
[edit]Currently or soon in service
[edit]| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated | Designed | Record | |||||||
| Shanghai Transrapid | SMTD
|
Transrapid | Siemens ThyssenKrupp |
Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 431 | 501[55] | 2004 | 
|
| L0 Series Shinkansen | JR Central
|
Shinkansen | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
Electrodynamic suspension | 505 | 603[56] | 2027[57][58] | 
| |
Experimental
[edit]| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Testing |
Picture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designed | Record | |||||||
| ML500 | JNR
|
Shinkansen | Railway Technical Research Institute | Electrodynamic suspension | 517 | 1977—1981 | 
| |
| MLU001 | JNR
|
405 | 1981—1989 | |||||
| MLU002 | JR Central
|
394 | 1987—1991 | |||||
| MLU002N | 431 | 1993—1996 | ||||||
| MLX01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
581 | 1996—2011 | 
| ||||
| Transrapid 04 | Transrapid
|
Transrapid | Siemens Krauss-Maffei |
Electrodynamic suspension | 253[59] | 1973—1977 | 
| |
| Transrapid 06 | Electromagnetic suspension | 412.6[59] | 1983—1988 | 
| ||||
| Transrapid 07 | Siemens ThyssenKrupp |
Electromagnetic suspension | 450[59] | 1987—1993 | 
| |||
| Transrapid 08 | Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 501[59] | 1999—2006 | 
| |||
| Transrapid 09 | Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 505[59] | 2006–2007 | 
| |||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Automotoras Eléctricas Série: 4000 (4001-4010 e 4051-4060) :: CP :: (Versão Portuguesa)". Série 4000: CP official website (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ^ "Ficha de 9-103-005-5" (in Spanish). Listado del Material Ferroviario Español. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Bullet train in milestone run on HS1". Railnews. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
an earlier successful 'overspeed' test to check train stability and ride on 18th April, when the train achieved a maximum speed of 252 km/h
- ^ a b "铁总：9月21日起7对复兴号京沪高铁运营 时速350公里". 腾讯财经. 20 August 2017.
- ^ 291 km/h – Pendolino sets new record by Dyspozytor
- ^ "In galleria il nuovo record di velocità italiano" (in Italian). Ferrovie.it. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ "Il Frecciarossa 1000 è ancora da record" (in Italian). Ferrovie.it. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ Volle Kraft voraus. In: como. Ausgabe 8, Mai 2012, ZDB-ID 2478309-2, S. 34–39.
- ^ Der neue ICE
- ^ "ICE 4 cleared for 265 km/h", Today's Railways Europe (in German), no. 306, p. 57, 2021, ISSN 1354-2753
- ^ Limb, Lottie (14 October 2022). "Flight-free travel around Indonesia is about to get easier thanks to its first high-speed rail line". Travel. Associated Press. euronews.
- ^ "Products". Stadler Rail. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "TWINDEXX Express Double-deck Trains, Switzerland - Switzerland - Bombardier". www.bombardier.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ 東海道新幹線、３３２キロで試験運転 各国関係者にＰＲ [Test run at 332 km/h on the Tokaido Shinkansen]. Asahi.com (in Japanese). Japan: The Asahi Shimbun Company. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ "新幹線「N700S」 最高速度362キロ記録". 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ a b "320-km/h Hayabusa matches world speed record". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ ２０１４年３月 ダイヤ改正について [March 2014 timetable revision details] (PDF). News release (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 20 December 2013. p. 1. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d "E7系新幹線電車" [E7 series shinkansen EMU]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 634. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. February 2014. pp. 9–13.
- ^ "Revised opening date agreed for Saudi HS project". 18 January 2017.
- ^ "Le Train selects 330 km/h Talgo trainsets for French open access services". Railway Gazette International. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "SNCF confirms TGV of the Future order".
- ^ Taiwan's High Speed Rail reaches 315 km/h in a test.
- ^ "Hong Kong High-Speed Trains Ready for Track Testing" (PDF) (Press release). 6 November 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
MTR ordered nine high-speed trains for the Express Rail Link project [...] The train design is based on China's CRH380A model.
- ^ "MTR unveils first Express Rail Link high-speed train in Hong Kong". Railway Technology. 6 November 2013.
Currently being built by CSR Qingdao Sifang [...] the trains are based on the design of China's CRH380A model.
- ^ Kuo, Lily (4 October 2018). "'This is part of the plan': new train blurs line between China and Hong Kong". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ McHugh, Fionnuala (10 October 2018). "On Hong Kong's new bullet train - the Vibrant Express". Stuff (NZ). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "Train smashes speed record". BBC News. 30 July 2003. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ 新幹線と世界のライバル [Shinkansen & High Speed Train of World]. Jtbパブリッシング. 15 July 2012. ISBN 9784533087684. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- ^ JR電車編成表 '98夏号 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 1998]. Japan: JRR. July 1998. p. 99. ISBN 4-88283-029-9.
- ^ ALFA-X(E956) 400km/h走行へ 2019.12.14-15, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 16 December 2019
- ^ プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線 [Tōhoku & Jōetsu Shinkansen]. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. pp. 171–174. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ^ プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ a b "FASTECH 360 High-Speed Shinkansen Test Train to Debut". 9 March 2005. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
- ^ Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線 [Tōhoku & Jōetsu Shinkansen]. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ^ プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. pp. 56–59. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ 軌間可変電車（フリーゲージトレイン）国内走行試験 在来線130km/h達成 [Free Gauge Train achieves 130 km/h on conventional line in Japanese testing] (in Japanese). Japan: Railway Technical Research Institute. 14 January 2002. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "新形フリーゲージトレイン" [New Gauge-changing Train]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 47, no. 556. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. August 2007. pp. 86–87.
- ^ フリーゲージトレイン新試験車両 [New experimental free gauge train]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 639. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. July 2014. pp. 84–85.
- ^ 부산에서 서울로 출퇴근하는 아빠? (PDF) (in Korean). Science Touch on Friday, KRRI. 4 January 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ "차세대 고속열차 최고시속 421km 기록" (in Korean). Yonhap News (Naver).
- ^ "To tilt or not to tilt". BBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
- ^ "15 Jahre Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr" (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2007.
- ^ Peter Jehle; René Naumann; Rainer Schach (2006). Transrapid und Rad-Schiene-Hochgeschwindigkeitsbahn: Ein gesamtheitlicher Systemvergleich (in German). Springer. p. 20. ISBN 3-540-28334-X.
- ^ "Toot Sweet! - French Train Tops 350 MPH to Break Record". National Union of Rail, Maritime, and Transport Workers (RMT) website. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ "Sokol can't fly yet". Railway Gazette International. 1 October 2001. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011.
- ^ "Talgo: History". www.talgo.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "DSB Litra EB, DSB EB lokomotiv - historie, data, tegning, billeder osv". www.jernbanen.dk. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ oe24.at - ÖBB-Zug "railjet" mit Geschwindigkeitsrekord
- ^ "APPENDIX 5 : Design Data : High Horsepower Electric Locomotive (for Amtrak, MARC)" (PDF). www.sonic.net. Bombardier Transportation.
- ^ "Caltrain Electrification Project" (PDF), sonic.net, Section 4: ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK EQUIPMENT POWER, 4.3.1.4 High Horsepower Amtrak/MARC Locomotive, August 2000
- ^ "MARC Riders Advisory Council Meeting Summary Minutes" (PDF). MTA Maryland. 18 January 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Penn Line schedule change: April 23". MTA Maryland. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- ^ "Shanghai Maglev Train (431 km/h) - High Definition Video". shanghaichina.ca.
- ^ "Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600 km/h test run". The Guardian. United Kingdom: Guardian News and Media Limited. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ Keith Barrow (17 April 2015). "Japan breaks maglev speed record". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ Ichihara, Tomohiro (22 April 2015). "Japanese rail company eyes exports to cover maglev costs". Nikkei. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Transrapid design history". maglev.net.