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Vectron (locomotive)

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Vectron
Siemens Vectron at Innotrans 2016
Type and origin
DesignerSiemens Mobility
BuilderSiemens Mobility
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARB-B
 • UICBo′Bo′
Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in)
1,524 mm (5 ft)
Wheel diameter1.250–1.170 m
(49.21–46.06 in) (new–worn)
Length18.980 m (62 ft 3+1⁄4 in)
Width3.012 m (9 ft 10+5⁄8 in)
Axle load22.5 t (22.1 long tons; 24.8 short tons) (maximum)
Loco weight~80–90 t (79–89 long tons; 88–99 short tons)
Electric system/sCatenary:
Any of 1.5 kV DC, 3 kV DC, 25 kV 50 Hz AC, 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC
Current pickup(s)Pantograph
Performance figures
Maximum speed160, 200 or 230 km/h (100, 125, or 145 mph)
Power output5.2 or 6.4 MW
(7,000 or 8,600 hp)
Tractive effort300 kN (67,000 lbf) (starting)
Data refers to electric versions,[1] except where noted

The Vectron is a locomotive series made by Siemens Mobility, introduced at the 2010 InnoTrans trade fair in four prototype versions: diesel, multi-system, and both AC and DC electric power. The diesel version has been replaced in 2018 by a dual mode locomotive which is powered by electricity on electrified sections of the track and can be switched to diesel mode on non-electrified sections.[2] The Vectron series is reconfigurable and modular, with a Bo'Bo' wheel arrangement, and is intended as the successor to the EuroSprinter family of locomotives. A more affordable, basic version called Smartron was introduced in 2018.[3][4][5]

Background and design

[edit]

Around the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century Siemens successfully produced freight and passenger/universal versions of its EuroSprinter locomotive platform; initially made as single voltage machines for European state railways (Austria, Germany), later as multivoltage locomotives for cross border working; this design resulted in numerous orders from both state and private railways, as well as rail leasing companies, primarily in the European Union area.

Siemens identified the potential for further growth in the market, particularly in trans-Alpine freight (Northern Europe to Italy), railfreight from northern European ports into Europe and from Baltic ports into Russia, as well as the potential for growth in newer members of the European Union (Poland, Hungary etc.).[6]

The design incorporates elements from previous Siemens locomotives—the train control package and traction control system are from the ES64F4 and ES64U4 Eurosprinter models respectively, whilst traction system is derived from the ER20 Eurorunner. The cab and replaceable front end (buffer-bar) derives from the latest Eurosprinter model[7] i.e. locomotives such as the Portuguese CP Class 4700 or Belgian SNCB Class 18.

Design

[edit]

The Vectron is designed to be easily reconfigurable to a variety of country or work specific configurations; reconfiguration to different safety systems is simplified with pre-designed mounting points for track equipment, modular safety equipment cabinets in the locomotive body[8] and a driver's desk designed for a wide variety of information equipment.[6]

The locomotives are also available in a medium power (5.2 MW or 7,000 hp) version for regional passenger and medium freight work as well as a high power (6.4 MW or 8,600 hp) version. DC only versions are only available in medium power.[1] The standard design speed is 160 km/h (99 mph), which can be upgraded to 200 km/h (120 mph) with the addition of semi-active yaw dampers incorporating a bogie–bogie steering mechanism.[6] Since 2022, the locomotive can also be ordered with a top speed of 230 km/h.[9]

The main body of the vehicle is self-supporting, consisting of an underframe of three longitudinal sill plates (centre and sides), side walls, transverse support members for the bogie pivots and for the transformer, and end sill plates. The roof is in three sections and is removable, and the two driver's cabins also have a replaceable front end. The buffer beam section is also a separate part, which allows replacement if it is damaged in a collision.[6]

The main compartment of the locomotive contains the electrical equipment except the main transformer and batteries which are located below the frame. All electrical components are placed in predefined locations on either side of a central aisle connecting the two cabins with each mounting position being reserved for a single type of equipment.[6]

The bogies transmit tractive force through a central pivot. The traction motors are flexibly supported by the bogie frame, and are connected to the wheelset mounted reduction gears by a multiple disc coupling. A full hollow shaft (folded cardan) drive system is also optional. Mechanical braking is via wheel-mounted disc brakes. Electrical regenerative braking is also used.[6]

The locomotives can work in double, multiple and push-pull formation with other Vectron, Eurosprinter and Eurorunner locomotives as well as some other locomotives fitted with the same multiple working equipment.[6] The design also allows single cab version for use in permanent double coupled locomotive working or for use with passenger trains with a blanking module replacing one of the cab ends.[10]

Diesel engined versions

[edit]
Siemens Vectron Dual Mode

A fully diesel powered version was launched in 2010. The design uses a 2.4 MW (3,200 hp), MTU 16V 4000 84R engine.[11]

An electric locomotive design with 180 kW diesel engine for shunting operations was presented at the 2012 InnoTrans trade fair.[10]

In 2018, a dual mode locomotive was presented as a combination of electric and diesel locomotive. The new locomotive weighs 90 metric tons. The locomotive is designed to operate on a 15-kV AC electrical system and is equipped with the PZB train protection system. Regardless of its operating mode, the locomotive develops a rating of 2,000 kW at the wheel rim. The Vectron's diesel tank holds 2,500 liters of fuel. The locomotive's top speed is 160 km/h.[12]

Operations

[edit]

Introduction and testing

[edit]

The first locomotives of the type were AC and multisystem locomotives presented at the Wegberg-Wildenrath Test and Validation Centre in June 2010.[13] AC, DC, multivoltage electric system and a diesel engined version were officially launched at the 2010 InnoTrans trade fair.[11]

The Vectron design received certification to operate in Romania in 2012,[14] the DC Vectron version also was homologated for use in Poland in 2012,[15] and the design received European community certification for inter-operability on high-speed rail systems.[16] (EC Decisions 2002/735/EC and 2008/232/CE)

Certification for use of the AC version in Germany was obtained in December 2012, as part of a joint certification procedure between Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands.[17]

Over the night of 25–26 January 2013, a modified Vectron locomotive was tested in the Channel Tunnel.[18]

Certification for use in Austria was obtained in early 2013.[19] Full certification for use in Sweden was obtained in April 2013, replacing a temporary certificate.[20]

The AC version received certification for Hungary in late 2013.[21] In January 2014 the Vectron locomotive class received certification under the EU 'Technical specification for interoperability for Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock' (Decision 2011/291/EU),[22] and in July 2014 the AC version was certified for use in Norway.[23]

The locomotives were released for operation in Turkey in November 2014.[24] Preliminary certifications for some multisystem locomotives in the Czech Republic[25] and Slovakia[26] followed. A preliminary certification for some DC version locomotives in the Czech Republic was reported shortly after.[27] The permanent authorizations for the MS and AC versions were granted in March 2015 for the Czech Republic[28] and in May 2015 for Slovakia.[29] In July 2015, the DC version was homologated for Italy.[30] Since August 2015, the MS version is homologated for Poland.[31] The homologation for Croatia and Slovenia was published in September 2015.[32] Since February 2017, the MS version is homologated for Italy.[33]

A Siemens press release on the occasion of 500 sold locomotives[34] revealed that homologations also exist for Bulgaria, Serbia and Switzerland. The MS version was homologated for the Netherlands in September 2017.[35]

The diesel engined version Vectron DE is homologated for use in Germany since September 2014,[36] for use in Turkey since November 2014[24] and for use in Austria since August 2015.

Homologation overview

[edit]

Homologations which cannot be clearly assigned to the locomotive's electric system were assumed on the basis of neighboring countries and current systems and are given in brackets in the following table.

Country MS AC DC Diesel Dual Mode
Austria x x x x
Belgium x (x) (x)
Bulgaria (x) (x)
Croatia x x
Czech Republic x x x
Denmark x
Finland x [a]
Germany x x x x
Hungary x x
Italy x x
Netherlands x
Norway x
Poland x x
Romania x x
Serbia (x) (x)
Slovakia x x
Slovenia x
Sweden x
Switzerland (x) (x)
Turkey x x x x
  1. ^ Two "Last mile" APU's only.

Orders

[edit]
Company Type Number Date ordered Notes
Railpool 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 6 2010 For cross-border freight and passenger services in Germany and Austria.[37]
FuoriMuro 3 kV DC 2 2012 Italian private operator. Ordered March 2012 for delivery in late 2013.[38]
DB Cargo Polska 3 kV DC 23 2012 For freight service in Poland, with delivery from 2012 to 2015, (option for further 13 locomotives).[39] First units delivered December 2012.[40] Four of them are currently leased by PKP Intercity as temporary replacement for EP09 until July 2015.[41]
MRCE AC 15 2013 160 km/h version, prefitted for conversion to multi-system versions. Ordered by leasing company Mitsui Rail Capital Europe (MRCE), for expected use between Germany, Austria, and Hungary.[42]
BoxXpress AC 4 2013 For services between Germany and Austria.[43]
CargoServ 1 2013 For use by Cargo Service GmbH. subsidiary of Logistik Service GmbH (LogServ).[44]
Paribus Capital AC 2 2013 Acquired by Paribus Capital GmbH for lease on passenger services in Sweden.[45]
VR Group 25 kV 50 Hz AC 177 (up to) 2013 Contract of 80 Sr3 class units and €300 million with Finnish national operator to replace VR Class Sr1 on passenger and freight was finalised in early 2014, with option for 97 more.[46] Series production from 2018 to 2026. 1,524 mm (5 ft) gauge and modified for work down to −40 °C. Also fitted with 'last mile' diesel engines for unelectrifed docks and yards.[47] First unit delivered April 2015, for pre-series production testing.[48] Units are winterised, including air intakes on roof. Sr3 is taller than other Vectrons due to equipment on the roof in "a hump". Front looks also different due to missing air intakes and SA3 automatic couplers.[48] In January 2019 the application for usage in passenger trains was denied, due to problems with the STM enabling the ETCS based onboard signalling system to communicate with Finnish signals. There were random emergency brakings.[49] Permission for passenger use was obtained in spring of 2020 after problems with ETCS equipment were fixed.[50]
CFI [it] DC 2 2014 2 DC units ordered by Compagnia Ferroviaria Italiana (CFI) with 180 kW diesel shunting modules ('last mile diesel') for operations on unelectrified sections.[51][52]
ELL AC / MS 50 (up to) 2014 Ordered for leasor European Locomotive Leasing (ELL), part financed by KKR.[53] Agreement for up to 50 locomotives, with AC versions for Germany, Austria and Hungary, and multisystem versions with additional equipment for operating into Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, also fitted with ETCS.[54][55]
mgw Service 1 2014 Delivery August 2014.[56]
Railpool 5 2014 Order placed by leasing company Railpool GmbH.[57]
MRCE 15 kV AC 20 2014 June 2014; twenty 6.4 MW 200 km/h ETCS fitted locomotives ordered.[58]
BoxXpress 4 2014 Delivery starting in November 2014.[59]
Wiener Lokalbahnen Cargo GmbH (WLC) 1 2014 No further details known.[60]
BLS Cargo MS 15 2015 For operation in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands, including trans-alpine freight.[61]
ENON GmbH AC / Diesel 1 2015 ENON GmbH freight subsidiary EGP (Eisenbahngesellschaft Potsdam) ordered a locomotive for cross-border traffic between Austria and Germany. The locomotive is equipped with a diesel engine for shunting or railway siding trips.[62]
ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft MS 6 2015 Order for three locomotives for use in Germany, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.[63] (option for three more taken in 2016.[64]
PKP Cargo MS 15 2015 For delivery early 2016 to summer 2017. Equipped for Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, and with ETCS; 3 locos equipped for Netherlands as well. Option for five further units.[65]
MRCE MS / 15 kV AC 21 2015 October 2015; 10 locomotives for use in Germany and Austria, 11 for use in Germany, Austria and Italy. All fitted with relevant national safety systems as well as ETCS.[66][67]
Railpool 3 2015 Order placed by leasing company Railpool GmbH.[68]
Unicredit Leasing GmbH DC 8 2015 Locomotives leased by DB Cargo. Delivery from the end of 2016, 5.2 MW, 160 km/h.[69][70]
EP Cargo MS 1 2015 Delivery in February 2016. Locomotive homologated for Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Romania.[71]
Prvá Slovenská Železnicná (PSŽ) MS 1 2015 Locomotive homologated for Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.[72]
Lokomotion MS 8 2016 ETCS equipped. For operations in Germany, Austria and Italy.[73]
TX Logistik MS 10 2016 Purchased by Alpha Trains for lease to TX Logistik. For use between Germany, Austria and Italy, with ETCS fitted.[74]
ČD Cargo MS 5 2016 The multisystem locomotives can be operated in all countries neighboring the Czech Republic as well as in Hungary and Romania. All locomotives will be equipped with train control systems for these countries as well as the European Train Control System (ETCS). The locomotives have a maximum output of 6,400 kW and a top speed of 160 km/h.[75]
PIMK AC 2 2016 Two units ordered by PIMK (Bulgaria), one of which is former 5.6MW test locomotive 192 962.[76]
Railpool AC / MS 5 2016 Five locomotives ordered with an option for a further ten, for use in Germany, Austria, Hungary and Romania.[77]
ELL 50 (up to) 2016 Up to 50 further locomotives for European Locomotive Leasing from Netherlands or Germany to Italy and central European countries.[78]
MRCE MS 10 2016 For use between Germany, Austria and Italy.[79]
Hector Rail AC 20 2016 5 locomotives ordered in 2016. Option for 15 additional locomotives changed to order in 2017.[80]
mgw Service 1 2016 Delivery in October 2016.[81]
Railcare AC 7 2016 6.4 MW 15 kV AC with last mile diesel for use in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany.[82]
Infraleuna GmbH DE 1 2016 Infraleuna is the first external customer for the diesel-electric Vectron DE. Delivery in the first half of 2017.[83]
DB Cargo DE 4 2017 DB Cargo Deutschland operated the Vectron DE locomotives on long-term hire from Siemens. After the end of the hire, two locomotives were sold by Siemens to RTS - Rail Transport Service GmbH, the other two to ENON GmbH.[84]
LokRoll AG MS 18 2017 Locomotives leased by SBB Cargo.[85]
ÖBB MS / AC 200 (up to) 2017 Framework contract for the delivery of up to 100 alternating current (AC) locomotives, 50 alternating current (AC) locomotives with diesel power modules and 50 multisystem (MS) locomotives. A firm order for 30 MS locomotives was placed at the signing.[86] Till 2024, 178 of the locomotives were ordered.[87]
GySEV AC 9 2017 Two alternating current (AC) locomotives with diesel power modules and 3 multisystem (MS) locomotives ordered,[88] four AC locomotives[89]
Unipetrol Transport MS 3 2017 6.4MW, for use in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Poland and Slovakia[90]
ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft MS 6 2017 Three locomotives for use in Germany, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary, three more additionally also homologated for the Netherlands.[91]
ČD Cargo MS 3 2017 The multisystem locomotives can be operated in all countries neighboring the Czech Republic as well as in Hungary, Slovenia and Romania.[92]
Hupac MS 8 2017 6.4MW, for use in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands.[93]
InRail DC 3 2017 DC locomotives for use in Italy.[94]
Deutsche Bahn MS 100 (up to) 2017 60 locomotives from framework agreement ordered. For use in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Netherlands and (from 2020) Belgium.[95]
MRCE MS 10 2017 For use between Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland and the Netherlands.[96]
MRCE DC 40 (up to) 2017 20 ordered for use in Italy, option for further 20.[96]
ZSSK, leased from S Rail Lease MS 10 2017 For use between Bratislava and Košice.[97]
RDC Autozug Sylt GmbH DE 2 2017 For car shuttle trains to the island of Sylt.
Stern und Hafferl Verkehr DE 1 2017 Locomotive 247 905 was previously used by Siemens for tests and presentation.[98]
ENON GmbH AC 1 2017 For use in Austria and Germany.[99]
Adria Transport MS 1 2018 Locomotive 193 822.[100]
DMV Cargo Rail AC 2 2018 Locomotives 192 961 and 193 972.[101]
Industrial Division MS 1 2018 For use in Poland, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary.[102]
DSB 25 & 15 kV AC 42 2018 / 2020 For use in Denmark (from 2021) and eventually Denmark-Germany cross border services (Possibly Sweden and Norway in the future, as these countries utilize same electrification as Germany). Original contract was for 26 units with option for additional 18.[103] In 2020 Siemens Mobility and DSB released a press release announcing that the DSB order was raised to 42 locomotives, bringing the total number of Vectron locomotives sold to 1003.[104]
MRCE MS / 15 kV AC 25 2018 20 MS locomotives, 5 AC locomotives[105]
Srbija Kargo MS 16 2018 For use in Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, Austria and Germany[106][107]
LocoItalia DC 4 2018 Option for 15 more[108]
EP Cargo MS 1 2018 [109]
Eisenbahngesellschaft Potsdam Smartron 4 2018 [110]
RTB Cargo MS 3 2018 [111]
ČD Cargo MS 4 2018 [112]
EP Cargo MS 3 2018 Option for seven more[113]
Infraleuna Smartron 2 2018 [114]
e.g.o.o. Smartron 1 2019 [115]
Deutsche Bahn MS 100 (up to) 2019 40 locomotives ordered with signing of framework agreement.[116]
Slovenská plavba a prístavy (SPAP) MS 1 2019 [117]
Advanced World Transport (AWT) MS 3 2019 [118]
Metrans Rail MS 10 2019 [119]
Paribus Smartron 22 2019 to 2024 Orders from a framework contract over 25 locomotives in total[120][121][122]
Budamar MS 5 2019 [123]
Industrial Division MS 5 2019 [124]
BBL Logistik Smartron 1 2019 [125]
Spitzke Logistik Smartron 1 2019 [126]
Eisenbahnen und Verkehrsbetriebe Elbe-Weser Smartron 1 2019 [126]
SüdLeasing MS 20 2019 Locomotives leased by SBB Cargo. Option for 20 more.[127]
PIMK Smartron 3 2019 [128]
E-P Rail Smartron 5 2019 [128]
BLS Cargo MS 25 2019 [129]
Laude MS 1 2019 [130]
Railtrans International MS 2 2019 [131]
GySEV Cargo MS 1 2019 Former Siemens test locomotive[132]
Railsystems RP GmbH Dual Mode 2 2019 First order for dual mode locomotive[133]
RTB Cargo MS 2 2019 [134]
Widmer Rail Services AG MS 2 2019 [135]
GTS Rail DC 3 2020 [136]
Mindener Kreisbahnen Dual Mode 2 2020 [137]
Bulmarket Smartron 2 2020 [138]
Bulgarian State Railways Smartron 15 2020 [139]
Unicom Tranzit Smartron 2 2020 [140]
MMV Rail Smartron 1 2020 [141]
Unipetrol Transport MS 4 2020 [142]
DB Cargo Dual Mode 100 2020 Option for 250 more[143]
RheinCargo Smartron 8 2020 / 2023 Locomotives numbered 91 80 6 192 031−034, 045[144][145]
PCW Dual Mode 1 2020 [146]
Stern und Hafferl Verkehr Dual Mode 1 2020 Order number undisclosed[146]
Lotos Kolej MS 1 2020 [147]
FOXrail AC 1 2021 Option for one more[148]
Stern und Hafferl Verkehr Dual Mode 3 2021 [149]
DB Cargo Polska MS 4 2021 [150]
LTE Logistik- und Transport MS 6 2021 [151][152]
Raaberbahn Cargo MS 1 2021 [153]
ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft Dual Mode 2 2021 [154]
Paribus Capital Dual Mode 30 2021 / 2022 [155][121][156][157]
ELL MS 2 2021 Former Siemens-owned stock locomotives.[158]
Railpool MS 20 2021 [159]
Správa železnic MS 1 2021 Use for diagnostics of the Czech and foreign railway networks[160]
Cargounit MS 30 2021 / 2022 / 2023 [161][162][163][164]
ČD Cargo AC 2 2021 [165]
Akiem MS 20 2021 Out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[166]
Cargounit Smartron 2 2021 [167]
Railpool MS 70 2022 Out of a framework contract over 100 locomotives[168]
DB Cargo Dual Mode 50 2022 Orders from the framework contract from 2020, four of them for DB Bahnbau Gruppe[169]
Alpha Trains AC
Dual Mode 		? 2022 Framework contract with undisclosed number of locomotives, undisclosed number already ordered[170]
České dráhy MS 50 2022 First Vectron locomotives with top speed of 230 km/h[9]
National Authority for Tunnels AC 41 2021 / 2022 For use in Egypt[171]
SüdLeasing MS 20 2022 Locomotives leased by SBB Cargo[172]
Hector Rail AC 4 2022 [173]
LokRoll 3 AG AC 35 2022 Locomotives leased by SBB Cargo[174]
ČD Cargo MS 10 2022 [175]
MRCE MS 14 2022 [176]
Akiem AC
MS 		65 2022 Out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[177]
DB Fernverkehr Dual Mode 21 2022 Ordered from the framework contract with DB Cargo from 2020[178]
ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft Dual Mode 8 2022 [179]
Press Dual Mode 1 2022 [180]
Alpha Trains MS 15 2022 Out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[181]
Fenniarail AC 3 2022 / 2024 Option for four more locomotives,[182] two of which were oredered in 2024[183]
Alpha Trains AC
MS 		15 2022 Out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[184]
Cargounit Smartron 2 2022 [185]
Eisenbahngesellschaft Potsdam Dual Mode 2 2022 [186]
Alpha Trains Dual Mode 1 2022 Leased to e.g.o.o., out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[187]
RheinCargo Dual Mode 7 2023 [145]
Cargounit Smartron 2 2023 [188]
Railtrans International MS 2 2023 [189]
TX Logistik MS 40 2023 [190]
Alpha Trains Dual Mode 1 2023 Leased to Holzlogistik und Güterbahn GmbH (HLG), out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[191]
DPB MS 6 2023 [192]
Medway MS 15 2023 [193]
Akiem AC
MS 		15 2023 Out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[194]
BLS Cargo MS 10 2023 [195]
Beacon Rail MS 10 2023 [196]
European Locomotive Leasing MS / Dual Mode 60 2023 Out of a new framework contract over 200 locomotives[197]
Northrail Dual Mode 15 2023 [198]
Bulgarian State Railways Smartron 10 2024 [199]
Unipetrol Transport MS 4 2024 [200]
Railpool AC
MS 		46
24 		2024 Out of a framework contract over 250 locomotives[201]
Cargounit Smartron 10 2024 [202]
Cargounit MS 30 2024 Out of a framework contract over 90 locomotives[202]
InRail MS 2 2024 [203]
Rail Traction Company MS 4 2024 [203]
Raaberbahn Cargo MS 1 2024 [204]
SüdLeasing MS 20 2024 Locomotives leased by SBB Cargo[205]
Alpha Trains MS
Dual Mode 		35 2024 Framework contract, with option for 35 more. Among the order are the first Vectron MS locomotives for use in France.[206]
RS Lease MS 30 2024 Framework contract, with option for 35 more MS and Dual Mode locomotives.[207]
Beacon Rail MS 25 2024 Out of a framework contract over an undisclosed number of locomotives[208]
Green Mobility Partners MS 8 2024 Framework contract, with option for 42 additional locomotives.[209]
DPB Dual Mode
MS 		2
1 		2024 Out of a framework contract with options for 6 more locomotives[210]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Vectron : A universal locomotive for the European market Siemens Mobility
  2. ^ "Siemens Mobility presents new Vectron Dual Mode locomotive" (Press release). Siemens Mobility. 28 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Smartron". Siemens Mobility. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Siemens offers one-price locomotive". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Smartron freight locomotive launched". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "The Vectron – Siemens' new generation of locomotives for rail transportation in Europe" (PDF) (Press release). Siemens Mobility. 29 June 2010.
  7. ^ "Siemens Vectron locomotive on test". Railway Gazette International. 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  8. ^ "Vectron – Siemens' universal locomotive for rail transportation in Europe" (PDF) (Press release). siemens.com. 29 June 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Siemens Mobility receives major order for locomotives and service from Czech Railways", mobility.siemens.com, 31 March 2022
  10. ^ a b Background paper – Vectron: extended locomotive concept (PDF), Siemens, September 2012
  11. ^ a b "Siemens unveils diesel surprise", railwaygazette.com, 23 September 2010
  12. ^ "Siemens Vectron Dual Mode authorised to operate in Germany". Global Railway Review. 6 November 2020.
  13. ^ "Siemens Vectron revealed". railcolor.net. 29 June 2010.
  14. ^ Schramke, Ellen; Rommel, Anne, eds. (22 June 2012), "Vectron: first unlimited homologation" (PDF), Rail Systems News, Siemens
  15. ^ "Lokomotywa Vectron otrzymała polski certyfikat", logistyka.wnp.pl (in Polish), 17 September 2012
  16. ^ "Vectron: First locomotive platform in Europe to receive TSI Highspeed certification", europeanrailwayreview.com, Siemens, 17 September 2012
  17. ^ "Vectron receives homologation for Germany", transportweekly.com, 7 January 2013
  18. ^ "Siemens Vectron tested in the Channel Tunnel", Railway Gazette International, 28 January 2013
  19. ^ "Vectron receives homologation for Austria", europeanrailwayreview.com, 11 March 2013
  20. ^ Siemens (7 May 2013), "Vectron receives homologation for Sweden", europeanrailwayreview.com
  21. ^ Siemens (5 December 2013), "Vectron receives authorization for Hungary", europeanrailwayreview.com
  22. ^ "Vectron meets all applicable European requirements for approval", europeanrailwayreview.com, 30 January 2014
  23. ^ "Vectron AC certified in Norway (Ref. No. SOICRL201414-01)", siemens.com (press release), 2 July 2014
  24. ^ a b Siemens Vectron is Now Registered in Turkey: E87000, 12. Dezember 2014
  25. ^ Vectron MS Approved For Czech Test Operation, 10. November 2014
  26. ^ Vectron MS Locomotives In The Czech Republic, 18. November 2014
  27. ^ Also Vectron DC locomotives get preliminary CZ approval, 20. November 2014
  28. ^ Full approval for both Vectron AC and MS, www.railcolor.net, 26 March 2015
  29. ^ Vectron locomotive receives authorization for Slovakia, www.siemens.com, 12 May 2015
  30. ^ Vectron DC officially homologated for Italy, www.railcolor.net, 13 July 2015
  31. ^ Vectron MS fully approved for Poland, www.railcolor.net, 7 August 2015
  32. ^ Siemens Vectron homologated for Slovenia and Croatia, www.railcolor.net, 29 September 2015
  33. ^ Italy authorizes Vectron MS; MRCE hands over first unit to TX Logistik, www.railcolor.net, 14 February 2017
  34. ^ "Munich-Allach plant wins order for 500th electric Vectron locomotive" (Press release). siemens.com. 26 June 2017.
  35. ^ Vectron MS certified for the Netherlands, www.siemens.com, 4 October 2017
  36. ^ Vectron DE receives authorization for Germany and TSI certificate, www.siemens.com, 24 September 2014
  37. ^ "Siemens wins first Vectron order". Railway Gazette International. 23 December 2010.
  38. ^ Market entry: Siemens sells two Vectron locomotives to Italy for the first time (PDF), Siemens, 20 March 2012
  39. ^ "DB Schenker orders 23 locomotives from Siemens", transportweekly.com, 5 December 2012
  40. ^ Siemens (20 December 2012), "Siemens hands over two Vectron locomotives to DB Schenker Rail Polska", europeanrailwayreview.com
  41. ^ Rynek Kolejowy (9 February 2015), "PKP Intercity wynajęło Vectrony DB Schenker", rynek-kolejowy.pl
  42. ^ Siemens (4 June 2013), "MRCE orders 15 Vectron locomotives", europeanrailwayreview.com
  43. ^ Siemens (12 August 2013), "Four Vectron locomotives for boxXpress", europeanrailwayreview.com
  44. ^ "Entering the Austrian market: CargoServ orders Vectron locomotive", transportweekly.com, 12 September 2013
  45. ^ Siemens (17 October 2013), "Paribus Capital orders Vectron AC", europeanrailwayreview.com
  46. ^ Barrow, Keith (20 December 2013), "VR Group orders 80 Vectron locomotives", railjournal.com
  47. ^ "VR orders Siemens Vectron locomotives", railwaygazette.com, 20 December 2013
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  135. ^ "WRS is the next customer for the Siemens Vectron", railcolor.net, 20 January 2020
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  139. ^ "BDZ PP launches its Green Force Smartrons and orders more", Railcolornews.com, 22 December 2020
  140. ^ "In the picture: The first Smartrons for Romania have arrived", Railcolornews.com, 13 July 2020
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  149. ^ "Noch mehr umweltfreundlicher Transport für die regionale Wirtschaft", stern-verkehr.at (in German), 26 February 2021
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  154. ^ "ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft mbH erweitert Fuhrpark", captrain.de (in German), 18 May 2021
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  156. ^ "KfW IPEX-Bank und Siemens Financial Services begleiten Verkehrswende: Weitere acht "grüne" Dual Mode-Lokomotiven für RIVE", KfW IPEX-Bank (in German), 5 May 2022
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  171. ^ "Siemens Mobility finalizes contract for 2,000 km high-speed rail system in Egypt", mobility.siemens.com, 29 May 2022
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  175. ^ "ČD Cargo orders new locomotives", cdcargo.cz, 1 August 2022
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  178. ^ "Supplies - 480136-2022", ted.europa.eu (in German), 2 September 2022
  179. ^ "Güterverkehr neu aufgegleist", commerzreal.com (in German), 2022
  180. ^ "Tag der Schiene: Oberfranken fährt weiter Diesel", br.de (in German), 16 September 2022
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  182. ^ "Vectron(s) For Fenniarail", railvolution.net, 29 September 2022
  183. ^ "Fenniarail ordered more electric locomotives for its expanding operations", fenniarail.fi, 25 January 2024
  184. ^ "More Vectron locomotives for Alpha Trains", alphatrains.eu, 11 November 2022
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  186. ^ "Die EGP auf Instagram", Instagram.com (in German), 22 December 2022
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  189. ^ "RTI expands its fleet with two Vectron locomotives", Railmarket.com, 8 February 2023
  190. ^ "Siemens Mobility receives large order from TX Logistik AG (FS Italiane Group)", press.siemens.com, 10 May 2023
  191. ^ "HLG sign lease contract for Vectron Dual Mode at Transport Logistic", alphatrains.eu, 11 May 2023
  192. ^ "Vectron-Sextett für DPB Rail Infra Service", logistik-express.com (in German), 3 April 2024
  193. ^ "MSC expands rail fleet with 15 Vectron locomotives from Siemens Mobility", press.siemens.com, 26 July 2023
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  195. ^ BLS Cargo buys 10 new Vectron locomotives featuring XLoad (press release), blscargo.ch, 26 September 2023
  196. ^ "Beacon Rail orders 10 Vectron locomotives from Siemens Mobility", press.siemens.com, 9 November 2023
  197. ^ "Siemens Mobility and ELL sign framework agreement for purchase of 200 Vectrons", mobility.siemens.com, 30 November 2023
  198. ^ "Statistics: Vectron Dual Mode locomotives for Northrail (+lessees)", railcolornews.com, 16 April 2024
  199. ^ "Bulgarien: Siemens liefert zehn weitere Smartron-Lokomotiven", LOK Report (in German), 12 January 2024
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