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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria.[1] Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[1] The largest city by population using the city proper definition, which is the area under the administrative boundaries of a local government, is Chongqing, China. The largest city by population using the metropolitan area definition, which is a loose term referring to urban area and its primary commuter areas, is Tokyo, Japan. The largest city by population using the urban area definition, which is a loose term referring to a contiguous area with a certain population density, is also Tokyo, Japan.

Common city definitions

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City proper (administrative)

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Main article: City proper
Map
The municipality of Chongqing, China, whose administrative area is around the size of Austria, has the largest population for a city proper. However, more than 70% of its residents live in rural areas.

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries (city proper). UNICEF[1] defines city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[2][3][4] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[5]

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[5] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas.[6] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which claims the largest city proper in the world, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting.[7][8]

Metropolitan area

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Main article: Metropolitan area

A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF[1] defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for statistical purposes.[9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) which manages Manila metropolitan area.[10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.[11]

Urban area

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Main article: Urban area
See also: Number of urban areas by country
Tokyo is considered the world's largest city, with its urbanisation exceeding its city limits.

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF[1] defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.[12]

List

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There are 81 cities with a population over 5 million people according to the United Nations 2018 estimates. The UN figures are a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area. Several cities such as Jakarta and Seoul have significantly larger metropolitan/urban population figures which are excluded on the UN data.[13]

City[a] Country Skyline UN 2018 population estimates[b] City proper[c] Metropolitan area[d] Urban area
(Demographia)[12]
Definition Population Area
(km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Coastal or Lacustrine
Tokyo  Japan 37,400,068 Metropolis prefecture 13,515,271[14] 2,191[14] 37,274,000[15] 13,452[15] 37,977,000 8,230[e] Yes
Delhi  India 28,514,000 Capital City 16,753,235[16] 1,484 29,000,000[17] 3,483[17] 29,617,000 2,232[f] No
Shanghai  China 25,582,000 Municipality 24,183,000[18] 6,341 — — 22,120,000 4,068[g] Yes
São Paulo  Brazil 21,650,000 Municipality 12,252,023[19] 1,521 21,734,682[20] 7,947 22,046,000 3,116[h] No
Mexico City  Mexico 21,581,000 City-state 9,209,944[21] 1,485 21,804,515[21] 7,866[22] 20,996,000 2,386 No
Cairo  Egypt 20,076,000 Urban governorate 9,500,000[23] 3,085 — — 19,372,000 2,010 Yes
Mumbai  India 19,980,000 Municipality 12,478,447[24] 603 24,400,000[25] 4,355[26] 23,355,000 944[i] Yes
Beijing  China 19,618,000 Municipality 21,707,000[18] 16,411 — — 19,433,000 4,172 No
Dhaka  Bangladesh 19,578,000 Capital city 8,906,039[27] 338[28] 14,543,124[29] 15,443,000 456 No
Osaka  Japan 19,281,000 Designated city 2,725,006[14] 225[14] 19,303,000[15] 13,228[15] 14,977,000 3,019[j] Yes
New York City  United States 18,819,000 City 8,398,748[30] 786 19,303,808[31] 17,315 20,870,000 12,093[k] Yes
Karachi  Pakistan 15,400,000 Metropolitan city 14,910,352[32] 3,530[33] 16,051,521[34] 3,780[35] 15,400,000 Yes
Buenos Aires  Argentina 14,967,000 Autonomous city 3,054,300[36] 203 12,806,866[37] 16,157,000 3,221 Yes
Chongqing  China 14,838,000 Municipality 30,165,500[38] 82,403 — — 7,739,000 1,537 No
Istanbul  Turkey 14,751,000 Metropolitan municipality 15,519,267[39] 5,196 — — 15,154,000 1,375 Yes
Kolkata  India 14,681,000 Municipality 4,496,694[40] 205 14,035,959[41] 1,851[42] 17,560,000 1,351 No
Manila  Philippines 13,482,000 Capital city 1,780,148[43] 43 12,877,253[43] 620 23,088,000 1,873[l] Yes
Lagos  Nigeria 13,463,000 —[m] — — 21,000,000[44] 1,171[44] 15,279,000 1,965 Yes
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil 13,293,000 Municipality 6,520,000[45] 1,221 12,644,321[46] 5,327 12,272,000 1,912 Yes
Tianjin  China 13,215,000 Municipality 15,569,000[18] 11,920 — — 10,800,000 2,813 Yes
Kinshasa  DR Congo 13,171,000 City-province 11,462,000[47] 9,965 13,528,000 473 No
Guangzhou  China 12,638,000 City (sub-provincial) 14,498,400[18] 7,434 — — 20,902,000 4,342[n] Yes
Los Angeles  United States 12,458,000 City 3,990,456[30] 1,214 13,291,486[48] 12,559 15,402,000 6,351 Yes
Moscow  Russia 12,410,000 Federal city 13,200,000[49] 2,511[50] 20,004,462[51] — 17,125,000 5,891 No
Shenzhen  China 11,908,000 City (sub-provincial) 12,528,300[18] 2,050 — — 15,929,000 1,803 Yes
Lahore  Pakistan 11,738,000 Metropolitan city 11,126,000[32] 1,772 11,021,000 853 No
Bangalore  India 11,440,000 Municipality 8,443,675[52] 709 13,707,000 1,205 No
Paris  France 10,901,000 Commune 2,148,271[53] 105 12,244,807[54] 11,020,000 2,509 No
Bogotá  Colombia 10,574,000 Capital District 7,963,000[55] 1,587 12,545,272[56] 5,934 9,464,000 584 No
Jakarta  Indonesia 10,517,000 Special capital region 10,154,134[57] 664[57] 33,430,285[58] 7,063[58] 34,540,000 3,540[o] Yes
Chennai  India 10,456,000 Municipality 6,727,000[59] 426[60] 11,324,000 1,049 Yes
Lima  Peru 10,391,000 Metropolitan municipality 8,894,000[61] 2,672 9,569,468[62] 2,819 9,848,000 890 Yes
Bangkok  Thailand 10,156,000 Special administrative area 5,782,000[63] 1,569 16,255,900[64] 7,762[65] 17,066,000 3,199 Yes
Seoul  South Korea 9,963,000 Special city 9,806,000[66] 605 25,514,000[67] 11,704 21,794,000 2,768[p] Yes
Nagoya  Japan 9,507,000 Designated city 2,320,361[14] 326[14] 9,363,000[15] 7,271[15] 9,113,000 3,704 Yes
Hyderabad  India 9,482,000 Municipality 6,993,262[68] 650[69] 9,746,000 1,273 No
London  United Kingdom 9,046,000 Capital city 8,825,001[70] 1,572 14,372,596[54] 10,979,000 1,739 Yes
Tehran  Iran 8,896,000 Capital city 9,033,003[71] 751[72] 13,633,000 1,704 No
Chicago  United States 8,864,000 City 2,705,994[30] 589 9,498,716[73] 18,640 9,014,000 7,006 Yes
Chengdu  China 8,813,000 City (sub-provincial) 16,044,700[18] 14,378 — — 11,309,000 1,828 No
Nanjing  China 8,245,000 City (sub-provincial) 7,260,000[74] 6,582 — — 7,496,000 1,613 No
Wuhan  China 8,176,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,892,900[18] 8,494 — — 8,962,000 1,646 No
Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam 8,145,000 Municipality 7,431,000[75] 2,061 13,312,000 1,638 Yes
Luanda  Angola 7,774,000 Municipality 2,165,867[76] 116[76] 8,417,000 1,023 Yes
Ahmedabad  India 7,681,000 Municipality 5,570,585[77] 464 6,300,000[78] 7,410,000 359 No
Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 7,564,000 City 1,768,000[79] 243 7,200,000[80] 2,793[80] 8,285,000 2,162 No
Xi'an  China 7,444,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,989,000[18] 10,135 — — 7,135,000 1,088 Yes
Hong Kong  China 7,429,000 Special administrative region 7,298,600[81] 1,104[82] — — 7,347,000 291 Yes
Dongguan  China 7,360,000 Prefecture-level city 8,342,500[18] 2,465 — — 7,981,000 1,755 Yes
Hangzhou  China 7,236,000 City (sub-provincial) 9,468,000[18] 16,596 — — 6,446,000 1,446 Yes
Foshan  China 7,236,000 City (sub-provincial) 7,197,394[18] 3,848 — — — — Yes
Shenyang  China 6,921,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,294,000[18] 12,980 — — 7,105,000 1,515[q] No
Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 6,907,000 Municipality 6,694,000[83] 1,913 — — 6,881,000 1,672 No
Baghdad  Iraq 6,812,000 Urban governorate 8,126,755[84] 5,200[84] — — 5,796,000 693 No
Santiago  Chile 6,680,000 City (commune) 236,453[85] 22[85] 7,112,808[86] 15,403[86] 7,007,000 1,148 No
Surat  India 6,564,000 Municipality 4,466,826[87] 327[87] 5,807,000 238 Yes
Madrid  Spain 6,497,000 Municipality 3,266,126[88] 606 6,641,649[54] 6,026,000 1,365 No
Suzhou  China 6,339,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,721,700[18] 8,488.42 — — 5,250,000 1,373 Yes
Pune  India 6,276,000 Municipality 3,124,458[89] 276 7,276,000[90] 7,256[90] 7,764,000 649 No
Harbin  China 6,115,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,635,971[18] 53,068 — — 4,458,000 670 No
Houston  United States 6,115,000 City 2,325,502[30] 1,553 6,997,384[91] 21,395[91] 6,406,000 4,930 Yes
Dallas  United States 6,099,000 City 1,345,047[30] 882 7,470,158[92] 22,463[92] 6,830,000 5,279[r] No
Toronto  Canada 6,082,000 City 2,731,571[93] 630[94] 5,928,040[95] 5,906[95] 6,871,000 2,334 Yes
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 6,048,000 4,364,541 1,393 6,698,000 604 Yes
Miami  United States 6,036,000 470,914[30] 92.9 6,158,824 15,890 6,144,000 3,313 Yes
Belo Horizonte  Brazil 5,972,000 2,502,557 330.9 5,156,217 9,459.1 5,159,000 1,288 No
Singapore  Singapore 5,792,000 Country 5,638,700 725.7 — — 5,745,000 523 Yes
Philadelphia  United States 5,695,000 Consolidated city-county 1,526,006 369.59 6,096,120 5,684,000 5,430 Yes
Atlanta  United States 5,572,000 420,003 354.22 5,949,951 21,690 5,361,000 7,400 No
Fukuoka  Japan 5,551,000 Designated city 1,588,924 343.39 2,128,000 504 Yes
Khartoum  Sudan 5,534,000 639,598 22,142 5,274,321 7,282,000 1,031 No
Barcelona  Spain 5,494,000 Municipality 1,620,343[96] 101.4 5,474,482[97] 4,588,000 1,072 Yes
Johannesburg  South Africa 5,486,000 Metropolitan municipality 9,505,000 2,542 No
Saint Petersburg  Russia 5,383,000 Federal city 5,230,000 1,372 Yes
Qingdao  China 5,381,000 City (sub-provincial) 5,911,000 1,656 Yes
Dalian  China 5,300,000 City (sub-provincial) 3,776,000 988 Yes
Washington, D.C.  United States 5,207,000 Federal district 702,455[30] 177 6,263,245[98] 17,009 7,518,000 5,500[s] Yes
Yangon  Myanmar 5,157,000 City 6,314,000 603 Yes
Alexandria  Egypt 5,086,000 Urban governorate 4,318,000 292 Yes
Jinan  China 5,052,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,700,000 10,244 — — 4,026,000 797 Yes
Guadalajara  Mexico 5,023,000 Municipality 1,385,621[21] 151 5,286,642[21] 3,560[22] 5,253,000 810 Yes

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
  2. ^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.[13]
  3. ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
  4. ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
  5. ^ Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
  6. ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
  7. ^ Includes Taicang
  8. ^ Includes Francisco Morato
  9. ^ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
  10. ^ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
  11. ^ Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
  12. ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
  13. ^ Although commonly referred to as a city, Lagos is a metropolitan area consisting of 16 local government areas.
  14. ^ Includes the city of Foshan.
  15. ^ Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
  16. ^ Includes the city of Incheon.
  17. ^ Includes the city of Fushun.
  18. ^ Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
  19. ^ Includes the city of Baltimore.

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[edit]
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Category:Cities-related lists of superlatives Category:Lists of cities (worldwide) by population Category:Urban geography Category:Largest things

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