User:Peryalacoirea/sandbox

sandbox

Nachzehrer

Sources

Bard, Kathryn A. Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. 

Bard, Kathryn A., and Steven Blake Shubert. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London: Routledge, 1999. 

Wendorf, Fred, and Romuald Schild. Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Dordrecht: Kluwer , 2001. 

Gautier, Achilles. "The Early to Late Neolithic Archeofaunas from Nabta and Bir Kiseiba." Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara, 2001, 609-35. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0653-9_23. 

Bir Kiseiba

Bir Kiseiba is a Neolithic site that lies approximately 250 km west of the Nile in Lower Nubia. Excavated by Fred Wendorf, Romauld Schild, and Angela Close, Bir Kiseiba, along with Nabta Playa, has some of the earliest evidence for subsistence, permanent settlement, and more diverse technology from that of the Late Pleistocene. Wendorf and associates argue that cattle and pottery were here as early as any other place.

During the Late Neolithic period (ca. 5100-4700 b.c.), smooth ceramic ware appeared at Bir Kiseiba, some of which was black-topped, similar to the characteristic ware of the early Predynastic period in the Nile Valley.

Controversy

Twenty two cattle bones were found in the Nabta Playa-Bir Kiseiba area. Excavators argue that these bones are from domesticated cattle, basing their claims on the reconstruction of the ecology showing conditions that were too poor to support large animals without human intervention, forming the basis of the Wendorf-Schild Model. Others have countered that an environment capable of sustaining gazelles and hares would have enough vegetation to support large animals like rhino and elephant, thus being able to support wild cattle as well. There is also no known ecological zone that contains only hares and gazelle, which suggests that faunal records of the area are fragmentary and incomplete.

Measurements of the bones from Nabta Playa and Bir Kiseiba morphologically have fallen within the range of aurochs.

Mitochondrial DNA has also done little to support the Wendorf-Schild Model beyond showing that the wild Bos primigenius could be the primary source for early domesticated cattle.

Comments from your prof

Good start! You are absolutely going to have to get this reference: Wendorf, Fred, Romuald Schild, and Angela E. Close, eds. Cattle-keepers of the eastern Sahara: the neolithic of Bir Kiseiba. Department of Anthropology [and] Institute for the Study of Earth and Man, Southern Methodist University, 1984. You'll also need to talk about some of the controversy about Nabta Playa and Bir Kiseiba in terms of early cattle domestication - here's one review you could start with: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3783853/. Keep going, I think this can be a really great article! Let me know how else I can help. You'll also need a map, but we can talk about how to add those in class. Ninafundisha (talk) 03:03, 28 October 2016 (UTC)