User:Mr Serjeant Buzfuz/Electoral history of Tommy Douglas

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**Tommy Douglas**
**Seventh Premier of Saskatchewan**
**1944 to 1961**

This article is the Electoral history of Tommy Douglas, the seventh Premier of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. He was the longest-serving Premier of Saskatchewan, from 1944 to 1961.

Douglas led the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in five provincial elections, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, and 1960, winning majority governments each time. He was the first of two CCF premiers.

He stood for election to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan six times. He was defeated in his first try, in 1934, but then was elected five times from 1944 to 1960.

In addition to his time in provincial politics, he was a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Canada from 1935 to 1944, and again from 1962 to 1968, and then from 1969 to 1979.

In 1961, Douglas was elected leader of the newly formed federal New Democratic Party, successor to the CCF. He resigned as Premier to re-enter federal politics, and was succeeded as Premier and leader of the CCF by Woodrow Lloyd.

Douglas led the federal NDP in four federal elections, in 1962, 1963, 1965, and 1968. The NDP remained a third party after each election.

Douglas stood for election to the House of Commons ten times in eight general elections and in two by-elections. He was elected eight times and defeated twice. After retiring from the NDP leadership in 1971, he remained in the Commons until 1979, when he retired from politics, after over forty years of electoral service, both federally and provincially.

Summary

Tommy Douglas as leader of the federal NDP, 1971

Douglas was the longest serving Premier of Saskatchewan, with one consecutive term, from July 10, 1944 to November 7, 1961.^[1] He was in office for a total of 17 years, 120 days. He led the CCF in five provincial elections, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, and 1960, winning majority governments each time. He is one of only four Saskatchewan premiers to win three or more majority governments, the others being Walter Scott, Allan Blakeney, and Brad Wall.

Prior to entering Saskatchewan provincial politics, Douglas had been a Member of Parliament in the federal Parliament, as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). He was elected twice, in 1935 and 1940, for the federal riding of Weyburn.^[2]

In 1942, Douglas contested the leadership of the Saskatchewan Section of the CCF, defeating the incumbent leader, George Hara Williams. He remained a Member of Parliament until May 31, 1944, when he resigned his seat in the House of Commons to enter provincial politics.^[3] In the provincial general election of 1944, he led the CCF to a major electoral victory, defeating the Liberal government of Premier Patterson. The CCF won forty-seven of the fifty-two seats in the Legislative Assembly, with the Liberals reduced to only five seats.^[4] As Premier, he led the first socialist government in Canada. He led the CCF in five provincial general elections, winning a majority government each time: 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960. He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly for over seventeen years.

In 1961, Douglas resigned as Premier and was suceeded as Premier and CCF leader by Woodrow Lloyd. Douglas returned to federal politics, becoming the first leader of the newly formed New Democratic Party (NDP), the successor to the CCF. He was leader of the NDP from 1961 to 1971, contesting four general elections. The NDP retained third party status after each general election. Douglas was personally defeated in two elections, in 1962 and 1968, but each time was later re-elected via by-elections. After resigning from the leadership in 1971, he remained in Parliament until 1979. In total, he stood for election in ten federal constituency elections, winning eight and being defeated in two. He was a Member of Parliament for 24 years, 6 months, 30 days.

Douglas retired from politics in 1979, at the age of 74, after over forty years of electoral service both provincially and federally.

Saskatchewan general elections, 1944 to 1960

Douglas led the CCF in five general elections: 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960. He won a majority government each time.

1944 General election

The 1944 election was one of the most lopsided in Saskatchewan history. The CCF won 47 seats in the Legislative Assembly, with the Liberals reduced to only five seats.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 15, 1944
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote	Popular Vote Percentage
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas¹	47	211,364	53.13%
	Liberal	William John Patterson²	5	140,901	35.42%
	Progressive Conservative	Rupert Ramsay	0	42,511	10.69%
	Labour Progressive	–	0	2,067	0.52%
	Independent	–	0	705	0.18%
	Social Credit	Joseph Needham	0	249	0.06%
	Independent Liberal	–	0	5	0.00%³
Total			52	397,802	100.0%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1944

¹ Member of the federal Parliament until shortly before the election was called; Premier after election.
² Premier when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.
³ Rounds to zero.

1948 General election

Douglas led the CCF in the 1948 election, and again won a majority, but with a much reduced seat count. The Liberals made significant comeback under a new leader, Walter Tucker, but remained the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 24, 1948
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote	Popular Vote Percentage
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas¹	31	236,900	47.56%
	Liberal	Walter Tucker²	19	152,400	30.60%
	Independent	–	1	11,088	2.23%
	Conservative Liberal	–	1	5,251	1.05%
	Social Credit	–	0	40,268	8.09%
	Progressive Conservative	Rupert Ramsay	0	37,986	7.63%
	Liberal-Progressive Conservative	–	0	9,574	1.92%
	Independent Liberal	–	0	3,299	0.66%
	Labour Progressive	–	0	1,301	0.26%
Total			52	498,067	100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1948

¹ Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
² Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1952 General election

In his third general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government, with an increased seat count from the 1948 election. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 11, 1952
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote	Popular Vote Percentage
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas¹	42	291,705	54.06%
	Liberal	Walter Tucker²	11	211,882	39.27%
	Social Credit	–	0	21,045	3.90%
	Progressive Conservative	Alvin Hamilton	0	10,648	1.97%
	Independent Progressive Conservative	–	0	1,542	0.29%
	Independent	–	0	1,517	0.28%
	Labour Progressive	–	0	1,151	0.21%
	Independent Liberal	–	0	103	0.02%
Total			53	539,593	100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1952

¹ Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
² Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1956 General election

In his fourth general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government, with a reduced seat count from the 1952 election. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition, with a new leader, Alexander Hamilton McDonald.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 20, 1956
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote	Popular Vote Percentage
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas¹	36	249,634	45.25%
	Liberal	Alexander Hamilton McDonald²	14	167,427	30.34%
	Social Credit	–	3	118,491	21.48%
	Progressive Conservative	Alvin Hamilton	0	10,921	1.98%
	Independent	–	0	4,714	0.85%
	Labour Progressive	–	0	536	0.10%
Total			53	551,723	100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1956

¹ Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
² Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1960 General election

In his fifth and last general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition under a new leader, Ross Thatcher.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 20, 1960
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote	Popular Vote Percentage
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas¹	37	276,846	40.76%
	Liberal	Ross Thatcher²	17	221,932	32.67%
	Progressive Conservative	Martin Pederson	0	94,737	13.95%
	Social Credit	–	0	83,895	12.35%
	Independent	–	0	1,417	0.21%
	Communist	–	0	380	0.06%
Total			54	679,207	100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1960

¹ Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
² Leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party without seat in the Assembly when election called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

Saskatchewan constituency elections

Douglas stood for election to the Legislative Assembly in six general elections, all in the constituency of Weyburn. He was defeated in his first election, in 1934, but was elected in the five general elections from 1944 to 1960.^[5]

1934 General election: Weyburn

General Election, June 19, 1934: Weyburn
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Liberal	Hugh Elliott Eaglesham	2,281	43.89%
	Conservative	X Robert Sterritt Leslie	1,544	29.71%
	Farmer–Labour	Tommy Douglas	1,343	25.84%
	Independent	James Logan Coltart	29	0.56%
Total			5,197	100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division^[5]

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1944 General election: Weyburn

General Election, June 15, 1944: Weyburn
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas	5,605	61.63%
	Liberal	James Weyburn Adolphe	3,489	38.37%
Total			9,094	100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division^[5]

Elected.

1948 General election: Weyburn

General Election, June 24, 1948: Weyburn
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	X Tommy Douglas	6,273	56.31%
	Liberal-Progressive Conservative	Fergus Charles Eaglesham	4,228	37.96%
	Social Credit	Isabel Paxman	638	5.73%
Total			11,139	100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division^[5]

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1952 General election: Weyburn

General Election, June 11, 1952: Weyburn
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	X Tommy Douglas	6,020	59.86%
	Liberal	Donald Morrow	4,037	40.14%
Total			10,057	100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division^[5]

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1956 General election: Weyburn

General Election, June 20, 1956: Weyburn
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	X Tommy Douglas	4,930	48.17%
	Liberal	Junior Herbert Staveley	4,234	41.37%
	Social Credit	Gustav Theodore Froese	1,070	10.46%
Total			10,234	100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division^[5]

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1960 General election: Weyburn

General Election, June 8, 1960: Weyburn
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	X Tommy Douglas	5,054	48.43%
	Liberal	Junior Herbert Staveley	4,453	42.67%
	Progressive Conservative	Hugh McGillivray	621	5.95%
	Social Credit	William Tabor	307	2.94%
Total			10,435	99.99%¹
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division^[5]

Elected.
X Incumbent.
¹ Rounding error.

Federal general elections, 1962 to 1968

In 1961, Douglas was elected the first leader of the federal New Democratic Party (NDP). He led the NDP in four federal general elections: 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968. The NDP under his leadership was a smaller party in the House of Commons.

1962 General election

In his first general election as leader of the NDP, Douglas more than doubled the seats won by the NDP, winning nineteen seats, compared to the eight seats won by the CCF in the 1958 election. Douglas was defeated in his own bid for a seat in Regina City, but won a by-election shortly afterwards in Burnaby—Coquitlam.

Canadian Federal Election, 1962
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote
	Progressive Conservative	John Diefenbaker¹	116	37.2%
	Liberal	Lester B. Pearson²	99	37.0%
	Social Credit	Robert N. Thompson	30	11.6%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	19	13.6%
	Liberal–Labour	–	1	0.2%
Total			265	99.6%³
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1962 General Election

¹ Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
² Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
³ Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1963 General election

Less than a year after the 1962 election, Diefenbaker's minority government fell on a motion of non-confidence, triggering the dissolution of Parliament and a general election. Douglas and the NDP held steady in their seat count.

Canadian Federal Election, 1963
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote
	Liberal	Lester B. Pearson¹	128	41.5%
	Progressive Conservative	John Diefenbaker²	95	32.8%
	Social Credit	Robert N. Thompson	24	11.9%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	17	13.2%
	Liberal–Labour	–	1	0.2%
Total			265	99.6%³
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1963 General Election

¹ Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
² Prime Minister when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
³ Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1965 General election

After two years of minority government, Pearson called an election. The result was another hung parliament. The NDP came third in the seat count.

Canadian Federal Election, 1965 — Parties, Leaders, Seats Won and Popular Vote
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote
	Liberal	Lester B. Pearson¹	131	40.2%
	Progressive Conservative	John Diefenbaker²	97	32.4%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	21	17.9%
	Ralliement créditiste	Réal Caouette	9	4.7%
	Social Credit	Robert N. Thompson	5	3.7%
	Independent	–	1	0.7%
	Independent PC	–	1	0.2%
Total			265	99.8%³
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1965 General Election

¹ Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
² Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
³ Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1968 General election

In his last general election as leader, the NDP held steady in seats, but Douglas was himself defeated in his own seat. He won a by-election shortly afterward in the riding of Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands and re-entered Parliament.

Canadian Federal Election, 1968 — Parties, Leaders, Seats Won and Popular Vote
Party		Leaders	Seats Won	Popular Vote
	Liberal	Pierre Trudeau¹	154	45.4%
	Progressive Conservative	Robert L. Stanfield²	72	31.4%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	22	17.0%
	Ralliement créditiste	Réal Caouette	14	4.4%
	Independent	–	1	0.5%
	Liberal-Labour	–	1	0.1%
Total			264	98.8%³
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1968 General Election

¹ Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
² Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
³ Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

Federal constituency elections, 1935 to 1940, 1962 to 1974

Douglas stood for election to the House of Common ten times, in two different provinces (Saskatchewan and British Columbia), and in five different ridings. He was elected eight times and defeated twice.^[3]

1935 General election: Weyburn

Federal Election, 1935: Weyburn, Saskatchewan
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	Tommy Douglas	7,280	45.0%
	Liberal	X Edward James Young	6,979	43.14%
	Communist	George Beischel	1,557	9.62%
	Social Credit	Morton Allison Fletcher	362	2.24%
Total			16,178	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Weyburn

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1940 General election: Weyburn

Federal Election, 1940: Weyburn, Saskatchewan
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	X Tommy Douglas	8,509	52.10%
	Liberal	Thomas Niddrie Metheral	7,554	46.25%
	United Reform	John Harrison Hilton	269	1.65%
Total			16,332	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Weyburn

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1962 General election: Regina City

Federal Election, 1962: Regina City, Saskatchewan
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Progressive Conservative	X Ken More	22,164	50.36%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	12,736	28.94%
	Liberal	Frederick Johnson	7,529	17.11%
	Social Credit	Arthur F. Boehme	1,583	3.60%
Total			44,012	100.01%¹
Source: Library of Parliament – Regina City

Elected.
X Incumbent.
¹ Rounding error.

1962 By-election: Burnaby—Coquitlam

Federal By-Election, October 22, 1962: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	16,313	50.43%
	Liberal	Warren R. Clark	8,029	24.82%
	Social Credit	René J. Gamache	5,282	16.33%
	Progressive Conservative	Eric Greenwood	2,562	7.92%
	Independent	George D. Burnham	162	0.50%
Total			32,348	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Coquitlam

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the incumbent NDP member, Erhart Regier, to allow Douglas, the party leader, to win a seat in the House of Commons.
Elected.

1963 General Election: Burnaby—Coquitlam

Federal Election, 1963: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	New Democratic Party	X Tommy Douglas	19,067	46.37%
	Liberal	Tom Kent	14,148	34.40%
	Progressive Conservative	Lyn Morrow	3,990	9.70%
	Social Credit	René J. Gamache	3,917	9.53%
Total			41,122	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Coquitlam

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1965 General Election: Burnaby—Coquitlam

Federal Election, 1965: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	New Democratic Party	X Tommy Douglas	22,553	52.92%
	Liberal	Dick Hayes	12,090	28.37%
	Social Credit	James Morris Kennedy	5,308	12.46%
	Progressive Conservative	Mike Allen	2,662	6.25%
Total			42,613	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Coquitlam

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1968 General Election: Burnaby—Seymour

Federal Election, 1968: Burnaby—Seymour, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	Liberal	Ray Perrault	17,891	45.23%
	New Democratic Party	X Tommy Douglas	17,753	44.89%
	Progressive Conservative	Charles MacLean	3,206	8.11%
	Social Credit	Ron Price	702	1.77%
Total			39,552	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Seymour

Elected.
X Incumbent (before redistribution).

1969 By-election: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

Federal By-election, February 10, 1969: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	New Democratic Party	Tommy Douglas	19,730	57.03%
	Liberal	Eric W. Winch	12,897	37.28%
	Progressive Conservative	Magdalenus Verbrugge	1,966	5.68%
Total			34,593	99.99%¹
Source: Library of Parliament – Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

By-election was triggered by the death of the incumbent NDP member, Colin Cameron, on July 28, 1968.
Elected.
¹ Rounding error.

1972 General Election: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

Federal Election, 1972: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	New Democratic Party	X Tommy Douglas	25,483	56.93%
	Progressive Conservative	George MacPherson	10,179	22.74%
	Liberal	Bill Matthews	7,107	15.88%
	Social Credit	Stockwell Day Sr.	1,868	4.17%
	Independent	Ken Hasanen	125	0.28%
Total			44,762	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

Elected.
X Incumbent.

1974 General Election: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

Federal Election, 1974: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
Party		Candidate	Popular Vote	%
	New Democratic Party	X Tommy Douglas	20,444	40.91%
	Progressive Conservative	Don L. Taylor	18,207	36.44%
	Liberal	Raymond Patrick Kane	11,028	22.07%
	Communist	Ernie Knott	288	0.58%
Total			49,967	100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

Elected.
X Incumbent

Party leadership conventions

1942 Saskatchewan CCF leadership convention

In 1942, Douglas challenged George Hara Williams, the leader of the Saskatchewan Section of the CCF for the provincial leadership. He defeated Williams and became provincial leader.

1943 Saskatchewan CCF leadership challenge

In 1943, Douglas in turn was challenged for the leadership of the Saskatchewan CCF, by John Brockelbank. Douglas defeated the challenge.

1961 Federal NDP leadership

In 1961, Douglas contested the leadership of the federal New Democratic Party, the successor to the CCF. He defeated Hazen Argue by a vote of 1,391 to 380, to become the first leader of the party.

References

External links

Elections Saskatchewan — Election Results

Saskatchewan Archives: Saskatchewan Executive and Legislative Directory

[List-1] Saskatchewan Archives: List of Saskatchewan Premiers.

[2] Library of Parliament — Parlinfo: History of Federal Ridings Since 1867 — Weyburn..

[LoP-3] Library of Parliament — Parlinfo: Thomas Clement (Tommy) Douglas.

[4] Elections Saskatchewan: Tenth Provincial General Election, June 15, 1944.

[sk-ridings-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division.

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[2]

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[5]