User:Marialopez pabon/sandbox

Classical genetics 
 For these particular article I want to add a history section that will contained in more details how classical genetics where discovered.
 Also, the page can have a lot of information of the techniques that were use to identify or study the traits and the genetic crosses. Moreover, I want to add a section that contained the techniques, methods and updated the references.

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lead section

 Classical genetics began in the 1850s by a scientist known as Gregor Mendel. Mendel wanted to study the inheritance by using plant crossing adn traits. Mendel's Law was later discovered in the 1900s. Johannsen was one of the scientific that proof the Mendel laws by using fruit fly and after that the classic genetic begging. The discovery of classical genetics lead to and open area of research that in future centuries will lead scientific to search new alternatives and new projects. Classical genetics in these days are very useful to discover the assembly of the genes and their function in biological and genetics fields. The concept is related to Molecular genetics that will lead us to the appropriate techniques that are used to study chromosomes and genes.  

Marialopez pabon (talk) 03:01, 19 February 2017 (UTC)

Basic definitions

At the base of classical genetics is the concept of a gene, the hereditary factor tied to a particular simple feature (or character).

The set of genes for one or more characters possessed by an individual is the genotype. A diploid individual often has two alleles for the determination of a character.

Classical genetics comes from the cell division that is related to the chromosomes and inheritance that is known as genes. Every human has 46 chromosomes that are divided in 22 pair of chromosomes (autosomes) and 2 pair of chromosomes that will tell the sex that are found in the process of mitosis. The previous information has a relation with the mendel’s laws that said that every person has two alleles one from each parent. Also, the alleles will segregate and pass to other gametes.

History

  The term classical genetics comes from one of the most important fields in science that is genetics, that study the inheritance. Classical genetics begging in the 1850 when a scientist known as Gregor Mendel want to study the inheritance by using plant crossing.  Mendel law was rediscover in the beginnings of the 1900s by Thomas Morgan. He was another scientific that discover a very important function in classical genetics by using the Drosophila melanogaster to start another genetic study such as genetic traits and mapping. After this discovery in 1910 they discovery the genetic linkage and the chromosomes studies by using the crossing techniques. In 1919 Johansen was one of the scientific that proof the Mendel laws after that the classic genetic begging. Also, he introduces the concept gene in a modern genetic way. In several years, later some discoveries have been accomplished for example the creation of the genetic mapping, the theory of the chromosomes in the inheritance and years later the use of the X-ray technique for genetic analysis. The discoveries previously mention lead us to how classical genetic was born. The discovery of genetics lead to and open area of research that in future centuries will lead scientific to search new alternatives and new projects. Classical genetics in these days are very useful to discover the assembly of the genes and their function in biological and genetics fields.  

Methods and Techniques

   Since Classical genetics was discovered most of the techniques and methods used in the past years still very important and others have been improved such as: 
   * Genetic traits - Mendel’s start the crosses by looking the different shapes, appearance that the peas show after the crosses. . The genetic traits are crosses that will show the result of the crosses in parental, F1 and F2. For example: Phenotype and Genotype these terms will show the different appearance in the genes and in the characteristics.  
   * Dominant and the Recessive allele- This are the two most common ones that will tell us if it is totally express or is not express completely. This beginning of this method occur when Mendel start the study of traits using peas. Moreover, since the decades pass the model organism change the first time was use with plants and flowers and later they use the fruit fly as one of the most important organism in the classical genetics. The study of traits will also be used to linked-sex (genes in the chromosomes that will tell us the sex) or autosomal (these are genes that can tell more that the sex chromosomal). The experiments improve and know the linkage maps can be used in plants and in other organism to study the chromosomes to proof the location in which they can be found.
   * ABO blood- this method is used by applying different inheritance of blood groups of genes and also, they use the carbohydrates and the Blood group for the phenotype and genotypes. For the ABO blood groups determines the alleles and the carbohydrates that can be found in each one. For example, in the allele IA we can found the A carbohydrates. Moreover, by studying the genotypes and the phenotypes of blood we will have as a result the cell appearance of each one and the blood group that is related to each one. That will lead us to identify the type of blood and the offspring that they can produce. The inheritance of the blood groups in genes is one of the approaches that the discovery of classical genetics left. The study of this methods of classical genetics that is mention previously is known as the study of the codominance and multiple alleles. 

References

Carlson, Elof Axel (2004). Mendel's legacy : the origin of classical genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 978-0-879696-75-7.

peer review

This is nice and simple writing. One suggestion is that if you are going to add more information on the techniques used in the study of classic genetics, I recommend that you mention the various features of the different methods, to allow comparisons.