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How Firm a Foundation (novel)

How Firm a Foundation

File:How Firm a Foundation by David Weber.png Cover of How Firm a Foundation.
Author	David Weber
Cover artist	Stephen Youll
Language	English
Genre	Science Fiction
Publisher	Tor Books
Publication date	September 13, 2011
Publication place	United States
Media type	Print (Hardback) 6 1/8 x 9-1/4 inches
Pages	608
ISBN	978-0-7653-2154-1
OCLC	999999999
Preceded by	A Mighty Fortress
Followed by	( unknown )

How Firm a Foundation is the fifth book in the Safehold science fiction novel series by David Weber and published by Tor Books on September 13, 2011. "Snippets" or selected chapter previews are currently available at David Weber's Official web page, prior to the release date.

Plot

"Blurb" quoted from the Macmillan web site

The Charisian Empire, born in war, has always known it must fight for its very survival. What most of its subjects don’t know even now, however, is how much more it’s fighting for. Emperor Cayleb, Empress Sharleyan, Merlin Athrawes, and their innermost circle of most trusted advisers do know. And because they do, they know the penalty if they lose will be far worse than their own deaths and the destruction of all they know and love.

For five years, Charis has survived all the Church of God Awaiting and the corrupt men who control it have thrown at the island empire. The price has been high and paid in blood. Despite its chain of hard-fought naval victories, Charis is still on the defensive. It can hold its own at sea, but if it is to survive, it must defeat the Church upon its own ground. Yet how does it invade the mainland and take the war to a foe whose population outnumbers its own fifteen to one? How does it prevent that massive opponent from rebuilding its fleets and attacking yet again?

Charis has no answer to those questions, but needs to find one…quickly. The Inquisition’s brutal torture and hideous executions are claiming more and more innocent lives. Its agents are fomenting rebellion against the only mainland realms sympathetic to Charis. Religious terrorists have been dispatched to wreak havoc against the Empire’s subjects. Assassins stalk the Emperor and Empress, their allies and advisers, and an innocent young boy, not yet eleven years old, whose father has already been murdered. And Merlin Athrawes, the cybernetic avatar of a young woman a thousand years dead, has finally learned what sleeps beneath the far-off Temple in the Church of God Awaiting’s city of Zion.

The men and women fighting for human freedom and tolerance have built a foundation for their struggle in the Empire of Charis with their own blood, but will that foundation be firm enough to survive?

Audiobook (Book on CD)

• Oliver Wyman read the first two books: Off Armageddon Reef and By Schism Rent Asunder.
• The reader of the Audiobook version was switched to Jason Culp for the third and fourth books: By Heresies Distressed and A Mighty Fortress.
• As of early September there is no word on who the reader will be for the Audiobook Version of How Firm a Foundation.

Publisher: Macmillan Audio; Unabridged edition (September 13, 2011); ISBN 1427212392; ISBN 978-1427212399

References

Category:2011 novels Category:Novels by David Weber Category:American science fiction novels Category:21st-century American novels

References (for Honorverse)

Main Honor Harrington series
HH0	Ms. Midshipwoman Harrington*1*	HH7	In Enemy Hands
HH1	On Basilisk Station	HH8	Echoes of Honor
HH2	The Honor of the Queen	HH9	Ashes of Victory
HH3	The Short Victorious War	HH10	War of Honor
HH4	Field of Dishonor	HH11	At All Costs
HH5	Flag in Exile	HH12	Mission of Honor*2* (expected 2009 or 2010)
HH6	Honor Among Enemies	HH13	___
Spin off Series
Wages of Sin		Saganami Island series
WS1	Crown of Slaves	SI1	The Shadow of Saganami
WS2	_Crown_of_Slaves_2_*3* (future book, title unknown)	SI2	Storm from the Shadows (due March 2009)
WS3	___	SI3	_Storm_from_the_Shadows_2_ (future book, title unknown)*4*
Anthologies
HHA1	More Than Honor	HHA2	Worlds of Honor
HHA3	Changer of Worlds	HHA4	Service of the Sword

*1* Short story in the anthology The Warmasters (multi-author multi-universe collection) republished in Changer of Worlds.
*2* Title (and little else) referred to by the Author (David Weber) in his 4-page An Authorial Note.
*3* and *4* FFI, see the FIRST and LAST sentence in Author's May 15, 2008 quote.

*

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NFL

Division	Team	City/Area	Size of Metro Area	Stadium	Founded	Joined	Head Coach
American Football Conference
East	Buffalo Bills	Orchard Park, NY	47	Ralph Wilson Stadium 1	1959	1970	Dick Jauron
	Miami Dolphins	Miami Gardens, FL	7	Land Shark Stadium	1966	1970	Tony Sparano
	New England Patriots	Foxborough, MA	10/37/65/75/126/193/192/292	Gillette Stadium	1959	1970	Bill Belichick
	New York Jets	East Rutherford, NJ	1	Giants Stadium 2	1960	1970	Rex Ryan
North	Baltimore Ravens	Baltimore, MD	20/9/303	M&T Bank Stadium	1996 3		John Harbaugh
	Cincinnati Bengals	Cincinnati, OH	24	Paul Brown Stadium	1968	1970	Marvin Lewis
	Cleveland Browns	Cleveland, OH	26/72	Cleveland Browns Stadium	1946	1950 3	Eric Mangini
	Pittsburgh Steelers	Pittsburgh, PA	22	Heinz Field	1933		Mike Tomlin
South	Houston Texans	Houston, TX	6	Reliant Stadium	2002		Gary Kubiak
	Indianapolis Colts *	Indianapolis, IN	33/289/359	Lucas Oil Stadium	1953		Jim Caldwell
	Jacksonville Jaguars	Jacksonville, FL	40/203/232	Jacksonville Municipal Stadium	1995		Jack Del Rio
	Tennessee Titans *	Nashville, TN	38	LP Field	1960	1970	Jeff Fisher
West	Denver Broncos	Denver, CO	21/157/177	Invesco Field at Mile High	1960	1970	Josh McDaniels
	Kansas City Chiefs *	Kansas City, MO	29	Arrowhead Stadium 4	1960	1970	Todd Haley
	Oakland Raiders *	Oakland, CA	31	Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum	1960	1970	Tom Cable
	San Diego Chargers *	San Diego, CA	17	Qualcomm Stadium	1960	1970	Norv Turner
National Football Conference
East	Dallas Cowboys	Arlington, TX	4/306	Cowboys Stadium	1960		Wade Phillips
	New York Giants	East Rutherford, NJ	1	Giants Stadium 2	1925		Tom Coughlin
	Philadelphia Eagles	Philadelphia, PA	5/125/249	Lincoln Financial Field	1933		Andy Reid
	Washington Redskins *	Landover, MD	9/20/303	FedExField	1932		Jim Zorn
North	Chicago Bears *	Chicago, IL	3/321/325	Soldier Field	1919	1920	Lovie Smith
	Detroit Lions *	Detroit, MI	11/111/143/254	Ford Field	1929	1930	Jim Schwartz
	Green Bay Packers	Green Bay, WI	153	Lambeau Field	1919	1921	Mike McCarthy
	Minnesota Vikings	Minneapolis, MN	16	Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 5	1961		Brad Childress
South	Atlanta Falcons	Atlanta, GA	8/220	Georgia Dome	1966		Mike Smith
	Carolina Panthers	Charlotte, NC	34	Bank of America Stadium	1995		John Fox
	New Orleans Saints	New Orleans, LA	46	Louisiana Superdome	1967		Sean Payton
	Tampa Bay Buccaneers	Tampa, FL	19	Raymond James Stadium	1976		Raheem Morris
West	Arizona Cardinals *	Glendale, AZ	12/52	University of Phoenix Stadium	1898	1920	Ken Whisenhunt
	St. Louis Rams *	St. Louis, MO	18	Edward Jones Dome	1936	1937	Steve Spagnuolo
	San Francisco 49ers	San Francisco, CA	31	Candlestick Park	1946	1950	Mike Singletary
	Seattle Seahawks	Seattle, WA	15	Qwest Field	1976		Jim L. Mora

Hammond Stadium (spring training)

The Field Dimensions compared to Target Field are:

Left Field	9 feet shorter	330' vrs. 339'
Left-Center	_ feet shorter	___' vrs. 377'
Deep Left-Center	_ feet shorter	___' vrs. 411'
Center Field	2 feet shorter	405' vrs. 403'
Right-Center	_ feet shorter	___' vrs. 365'
Right Field	2 feet longer	330' vrs. 328'

Comparison to Metrodome and Hammond Stadium

	Target Field	H.H. Humphrey Metrodome	Hammond Stadium
Seats	39,504	46,564*
Lower Deck Seats	20,000	21,621
Private Suites	53	115**
Group Party Suites	12	1
Club Level Seats	3,000	not applicable
Upper Deck Seats	13,468	28,779
Disabled Seating	820	190
Lower/Club Seats between 1st and 3rd Base	about 12,037	6,679
Outfield Seats	about 6,748	18,594
Seats with Obstructed Views	< 200	1,392
Main Concourse	40 feet (12 m), open to field	22 feet (6.7 m), closed to field
Total Restrooms	34	16
Left Field	339'	_	330"
Left-Center	377'	_	_
Deep Left-Center	411'	_	_
Center Field	403"	_	405'
Right-Center	365'	_	_
Right Field	328'	_	330'

*6,000 seats were covered by a curtain; these and others made the stadium expandable to 55,883 during baseball playoffs and certain games in the last homestand and one-game playoff in October 2009.

**Controlled by the Minnesota Vikings football team.

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External Media Example

External image
THIS EXAMPLE, is an image of the older hardcover-reprint's artwork that better represents Honor Harrington, but not her uniform or Nimitz, her Treecat.

David Weber has stated that he views the Cover art from OBS as being most faithful to the image of Honor Harrington, but NOT her uniform or of Nimitz, her tree cat. The edition of OBS that is for sale now includes new cover art. It's safe to presume that Weber's comment was in reference to the original version, as is most often now seen on the hardcover re-print. .

'A Rising Thunder' - David Weber next mainline Honorverse book

Mission of Honor

Author	David Weber
Language	English
Series	Honor Harrington series
Genre	Military science fiction
Publication date	2012
Publication place	United States
Media type	Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages	XXX
Preceded by	Mission of Honor
Followed by	(n.a.)

A Rising Thunder by David Weber and scheduled to be published in January, 2012 by Baen Books, will be the thirteenth novel set in the Honorverse in the main Honor Harrington series.

Cover summary

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Plot summary

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References

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External links

• January 2012 section of Baen's Publishing schedule page.
• David Weber collections website (unofficial): Mission of Honor (with eighteen free chapters as of this writing).

Category:2010 novels Category:Honorverse books Category:Novels by David Weber

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'A Beautiful Friendship' - David Weber Young Adult Honorverse book

A Beautiful Friendship

Author	David Weber
Language	English
Series	Honor Harrington series
Genre	Military science fiction
Publication date	2011
Publication place	United States
Media type	Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages	XXX
Preceded by	Mission of Honor
Followed by	(n.a.)

A Beautiful Friendship by David Weber and scheduled to be published in late 2011 by Baen Books, will be a "prequel" novel set in the Honorverse in the main Honor Harrington series. As of November 2010 the title is not yet fixed.

Cover summary

Xxxxxx

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Plot summary

Xxxx

Quote from Interview

During a podcast interview with "TheD6Generation", David Weber appeared to be referring to both In Fire Forged and the upcoming October 2010 Young Adult book when he said:

"And all of these books will be set 250 years before Honor Harrington's birth. So, the Star Kingdom of Manticore is basically Denmark at this point, a small prosperous, back of nowhere different kingdom."

References

• Xxxx
• Xxx

External links

• January 2012 section of Baen's Publishing schedule page.
• David Weber collections website (unofficial): Mission of Honor (with eighteen free chapters as of this writing).

Category:2010 novels Category:Honorverse books Category:Novels by David Weber

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List of G-codes commonly found on Fanuc and similarly designed controls

Sources: Smid; Green et al.

FANUC Operator's Manual, publication number B-63524EN/01, Dec., 2007/Edition 01.04 (c) FANUC LTD, 2001

GE Famuc Automation, Computer Numerical Control Products: "Operator's Manual", February 2000, publication number B-63004EN/02. (NO Copyright data or notice found.)

Explanation for Table:
The primary source material for the below table is the 2007 edition of the FANUC Operator's Manual. When different sources use different names or descriptors for the same G-code, the FANUC term is used in the table's description column. (Other source's descriptors may appear in smaller type in the Corollary info column.)
One source (citation needed) has stated that the Haas brand name has the largest share of the marketplace in terms of machines sold both in the US and internationally. However, this is only in terms of machines (and controllers) sold from one manufacturer. G-codes for the Haas system are represented in the below table's 2nd column.
The FANUC controller is the most common CNC controller used across all brand names of CNC machines in general. Within the GE-Fanuc series of controllers, the most common G-code system is "A" (or "standard"), as represented in the below table's 1st column. Some manufacturers also support "B" (or "Special") on some machines, these are shown in the below table's next-to-last column. Note that the G-code system is hard-wired into a machine, and is NOT generally selectable.

G-Codes

A	H	Description	Group No.	Corollary info	Milling ( M )	Turning ( T )	B	C
$\bullet$ G00	G00	Rapid motion positioning	00	On 2- or 3-axis moves, G00 (unlike G01) does not necessarily move in a single straight line between start point and end point. It moves each axis at its max speed until its vector is achieved. Shorter vector usually finishes first (given similar axis speeds).	M	T	$\bullet$ G00	$\bullet$ G00
G01	G01	Linear interpolation	00	The most common workhorse code for feeding during a cut. The program specs the start and end points, and the control automatically calculates (interpolates) the intermediate points to pass through that will yield a straight line (hence "linear"). The control then calculates the angular velocities at which to turn the axis leadscrews. The computer performs thousands of calculations per second. Actual machining takes place with given feed on linear path.	M	T	G01	G01
G02	G02	Circular interpolation CW or Helical interpolation CW	00	Cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. Must already be compensated in earlier G01 block.	M	T	G02	G02
G03	G03	Circular interpolation CCW or Helical interpolation CCW	00	Cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. Must already be compensated in earlier G01 block.	M	T	G03	G03
G04	G04	Dwell	00	Takes an address for dwell period (may be X, U, or P)	M	T	G04	G04
G05 P10000	.	High-precision contour control (HPCC) or: High speed cycle cutting	00	Uses a deep look-ahead buffer and simulation processing to provide better axis movement acceleration and deceleration during contour milling	M		G05	G05
G05.1 Q1.	.	Ai Nano contour control	00	Uses a deep look-ahead buffer and simulation processing to provide better axis movement acceleration and deceleration during contour milling	M
G07	.	Imaginary axis designation	00	(or Hypothetical axis interpolation)	M		G07	G07
G07.1 (G107)	.	Cylindrical Interpolation	00		?	T	G07.1 (G107)	G07.1 (G107)
G08	.	Look ahead control	00		?	?	G08	G08
G09	G09	Exact stop check	00		M	T
	G10	Set Offsets	00	___	?	T
$\bullet$ G10	.	Programmable data input	00	___ ( G10 is not "single-shot"; see notes below.)	M	T	G10	G10
G10.6	.	Tool retract & recover	00				G10.6	G10.6
G11	.	Data write cancel	00	or Programmable data input CANCEL ( G11 is not "single-shot"; see notes below.)	M	T	G11	G11
G12	.	Full-circle interpolation, clockwise	?	Fixed cycle for ease of programming 360° circular interpolation with blend-radius lead-in and lead-out. Not standard on Fanuc controls.	M
G12.1 (G112)	.	Polar Coordinate Interpolation Mode	21		?	T	G12.1 (G112)	G12.1 (G112)
G13	.	Full-circle interpolation, counterclockwise	?	Fixed cycle for ease of programming 360° circular interpolation with blend-radius lead-in and lead-out. Not standard on Fanuc controls.	M
$\bullet$ G13.1 (G113)	.	CANCEL Polar Coordinate Interpolation Mode	21		?	T	$\bullet$ G13.1 (G113)	$\bullet$ G13.1 (G113)
	G14	Secondary Spindle Swap	17 (Haas)		?	T
	G15	CANCEL Secondary Spindle Swap	17 (Haas)		?	T
G17	G17	XpYp plane selection	16		M		G17	G17
$\bullet$ G18		ZpXp plane selection	16	On most lathes, ZX is the only available plane, so no G17 to G19 codes are used.	M	T	$\bullet$ G18	$\bullet$ G18
	G18	Plane selection	02 (Haas)	___	?	T
G19	G19	YpZp plane selection	16 (02 Haas)		M		G19	G19
G20	G20	Programming in inches	06	Somewhat uncommon except in USA and (to lesser extent) Canada and UK. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any time. The usual minimum increment in G20 is one ten-thousandth of an inch (0.0001"), which is a larger distance than the usual minimum increment in G21 (one thousandth of a millimeter, .001 mm, that is, one micrometre). This physical difference sometimes favors G21 programming.	M	T	G20	G70
G21	G21	Programming in millimeters (mm)	06	Prevalent worldwide. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any time.	M	T	G21	G71
$\bullet$ G22	.	Stored stroke check function ON	09				$\bullet$ G22	$\bullet$ G22
G23	.	Stored stroke check function OFF	09				G23	G23
G24	.	___	?
$\bullet$ G25	.	Spindle speed fluctuation detection OFF	08				$\bullet$ G25	$\bullet$ G25
G26	.	Spindle speed fluctuation detection ON	08				G26	G26
G27	.	Reference position return check	00				G27	G27
	G28	Return to Machine Zero, set optional G29 Reference point	00 (Haas)	___	?	T
G28		Return to home position (machine zero, aka machine reference point)	00	(or: Return to reference position) Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero.	M	T	G28	G28
	G29	Return from Reference Point	00 (Haas)			T
G30	.	(or: 2nd, 3rd and 4th reference position return) Return to secondary home position (machine zero, aka machine reference point)	00	Takes a P address specifying which machine zero point is desired, if the machine has several secondary points (P1 to P4). Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero.	M	T	G30	G30
G30.1	.	Floating Point Reference Return	00
G31	G31	Skip function	00	(used for probes and tool length measurement systems)	M		G31	G31
G32	G32	Single-point threading, longhand style (if not using a cycle, e.g., G76)	01	Similar to G01 linear interpolation, except with automatic spindle synchronization for single-point threading.		T	G33	G33
G33	.	Constant-pitch threading	_		M
G33	.	Single-point threading, longhand style (if not using a cycle, e.g., G76)	_	Some lathe controls assign this mode to G33 rather than G32.		T
G34	.	Variable-pitch threading	01		M		G34	G34
G35	.	Circular threading (clockwise)	01				G35	G35
G36	.	Circular threading (counterclockwise)	01				G36	G36
G36	.	Automatic tool compensation X (When the bit 3 (G36) if parameter No. 3405 is set to 0)	00				G36	G36
G37	.	Automatic tool compensation Z	00				G37	G37
G37.1	.	Automatic tool compensation X	00				G37.1	G37.1
G37.2	.	Automatic tool compensation Z	00				G37.2	G37.2
G38	.
G39	.	Corner circular interpolation	00				G39	G39
$\bullet$ G40	G40	Tool radius compensation off	07	Kills G41 or G42.	M	T	$\bullet$ G40	$\bullet$ G40
G41	G41	Tool nose radius compensation left	07	Milling: Given righthand-helix cutter and M03 spindle direction, G41 corresponds to climb milling (down milling). Takes an address (D or H) that calls an offset register value for radius. Turning: Often needs no D or H address on lathes, because whatever tool is active automatically calls its geometry offsets with it. (Each turret station is bound to its geometry offset register.)	M	T	G41	G41
G42	G42	Tool nose radius compensation right	07	Similar corollary info as for G41. Given righthand-helix cutter and M03 spindle direction, G42 corresponds to conventional milling (up milling).	M	T	G42	G42
G43	.	Tool height offset compensation negative	_	Takes an address, usually H, to call the tool length offset register value. The value is negative because it will be added to the gauge line position. G43 is the commonly used version (vs G44).	M
G44	.	Tool height offset compensation positive	_	Takes an address, usually H, to call the tool length offset register value. The value is positive because it will be subtracted from the gauge line position. G44 is the seldom-used version (vs G43).	M
G45	.	Axis offset single increase	_		M
G46	.	Axis offset single decrease	_		M
G47	.	Axis offset double increase	_		M
G48	.	Axis offset double decrease	_		M
G49	.	Tool length offset compensation cancel	_	Kills G43 or G44.	M
G50	G50	Define the maximum spindle speed	00	Takes an S address integer which is interpreted as rpm. Without this feature, G96 mode (CSS) would rev the spindle to "wide open throttle" when closely approaching the axis of rotation.		T	G92	G92
G50		Scaling function cancel	_		M
G50		Position register (programming of vector from part zero to tool tip)	_	Position register is one of the original methods to relate the part (program) coordinate system to the tool position, which indirectly relates it to the machine coordinate system, the only position the control really "knows". Not commonly programmed anymore because G54 to G59 (WCSs) are a better, newer method. Called via G50 for turning, G92 for milling. Those G addresses also have alternate meanings (which see). Position register can still be useful for datum shift programming.		T	G92	G92
G50.3		Workpiece coordinate system preset	00				G92.1	G92.1
$\bullet$ G50.2 (G250)		Polygonal turning CANCEL	20				$\bullet$ G50.2 (G250)	$\bullet$ G50.2 (G250)
G51.2 (G251)		Polygonal turning	20				G51.2 (G251)	G51.2 (G251)
G52	G52	Local coordinate system (LCS)	00	Temporarily shifts program zero to a new location. This simplifies programming in some cases.	M		G52	G52
G53	G52	Machine coordinate system	00	Takes absolute coordinates (X,Y,Z,A,B,C) with reference to machine zero rather than program zero. Can be helpful for tool changes. Nonmodal and absolute only. Subsequent blocks are interpreted as "back to G54" even if it is not explicitly programmed.	M	T	G53	G53
$\bullet$ G54	G54	Work coordinate system 1 (WCSs)	14	Have largely replaced position register (G50 and G92). Each tuple of axis offsets relates program zero directly to machine zero. Standard is 6 tuples (G54 to G59), with optional extensibility to 48 more via G54.1 P1 to P48.	M	T	$\bullet$ G54	$\bullet$ G54
G55, G56, G57, G58, G59	G55, G56, G57, G58, G59	Work coordinate systems 2 to 6 (WCSs)	_	Have largely replaced position register (G50 and G92). Each tuple of axis offsets relates program zero directly to machine zero. Standard is 6 tuples (G54 to G59), with optional extensibility to 48 more via G54.1 P1 to P48.	M	T	G55, G56, G57, G58, G59	G55, G56, G57, G58, G59
G54.1 P1 to P48		Extended work coordinate systems	_	Up to 48 more WCSs besides the 6 provided as standard by G54 to G59. Note floating-point extension of G-code data type (formerly all integers). Other examples have also evolved (e.g., G84.2). Modern controls have the hardware to handle it.	M	T
G60	.	Single direction positioning	00		?	?	G60	G60
G65	.	Macro calling	00				G65	G65
G66	.	Macro modal call	12				G66	G66
$\bullet$ G67	.	Macro modal call CANCEL	12				$\bullet$ G67	$\bullet$ G67
G68	.	Mirror image for double turrets ON or balance cut mode	04				G68	G68
G68.1	.	Coordinate system rotation start or three-dimensional coordinate system conversion mode on	17				G68.1	G68.1
$\bullet$ G69	.	Mirror image for double turrets OFF or balance cut mode CANCEL	04				$\bullet$ G69	$\bullet$ G69
G70	G70	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for finishing (including contours)	00	Finishing Cycle		T	G70	G72
G71	G71	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing (Z-axis emphasis)	00	O.D./I.D. Stock Removal Cycle		T	G71	G73
G72	G72	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing (X-axis emphasis)	00 (& 00 Haas)	("Stock Removal in Facing" or "End Face Stock Removal Cycle")		T	G72	G74
G73	G__	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing, with pattern repetition	_			T	G73	G75
G73	G__	Peck drilling cycle for milling - high-speed (NO full retraction from pecks)	__	Retracts only as far as a clearance increment (system parameter). For when chipbreaking is the main concern, but chip clogging of flutes is not.	M		G73	G75
G74	G__	Peck drilling cycle for turning	__			T	G74	G75
G74	G__	Tapping cycle for milling, lefthand thread, M04 spindle direction	_		M		G74	G75
G75	G__	Peck grooving cycle for turning	_			T	G75	G77
G76		Fine boring cycle for milling	_		M
G76	G76	Threading cycle for turning, multiple repetitive cycle	00			T	G76	G78
$\bullet$ G80	G__	CANCEL canned cycle	10 (09 Haas)	Milling: Kills all cycles such as G73, G83, G88, etc. Z-axis returns either to Z-initial level or R-level, as programmed (G98 or G99, respectively). Turning: Usually not needed on lathes, because a new group-1 G address (G00 to G03) cancels whatever cycle was active.	M	T	$\bullet$ G80	$\bullet$ G80
G81	G81	Simple drilling cycle	__ (09 Haas)	No dwell built in (or: "Drill Canned Cycle")	M
G82	G82	Drilling cycle with dwell	__ (09 Haas)	Dwells at hole bottom (Z-depth) for the number of milliseconds specified by the P address. Good for when hole bottom finish matters. (or: "Spot Drill Canned Cycle")	M
G83	G83	Peck drilling cycle (full retraction from pecks)	10 (09 Haas)	Returns to R-level after each peck. Good for clearing flutes of chips. (or: "Normal Peck Drilling Canned Cycle")	M		G83	G83
G84	G84	Tapping Canned Cycle, righthand thread, M03 spindle direction	10 (09 Haas)	___ (or: "Tapping Canned Cycle")	M		G84	G84
G84.2		Tapping cycle, righthand thread, M03 spindle direction, rigid toolholder	_		M
G85	G85	Cycle for face boring	10 (09 Haas)	No dwell built in (or: "Boring Canned Cycle")	M		G85	G85
	G86	Bore and Stop Canned Cycle	(09 Haas)			T
	G87	Bore and Manual Retract Canned Cycle	(09 Haas)	___		T
G87		Cycle for side drilling	10 (09 Haas)	Dwells at hole bottom (Z-depth) for the number of milliseconds specified by the P address. Good for when hole bottom finish matters.	M		G87	G87
	G88	Bore and Dwell and Manual Retract Canned Cycle	(09 Haas)			T
G88		Cycle for side tapping	10 (09 Haas)	Returns to R-level after each peck. Good for clearing flutes of chips.	M		G88	G88
G89	G89	Cycle for side boring (or: "Bore and Dwell Canned Cycle")	10 (09 Haas)		M		G89	G89
G90	.	Absolute programming	_	Positioning defined with reference to part zero. Milling: Always as above. Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes. Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is instead a fixed cycle address for roughing.	M	T (B)
G90	G90	Fixed cycle, simple cycle, for roughing (Z-axis emphasis)	01 (& 01 Haas)	When not serving for absolute programming (above)		T (A)	G77	G20
G91		Incremental programming	_	Positioning defined with reference to previous position. Milling: Always as above. Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes. Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is a fixed cycle address for roughing.	M	T (B)
G92	.	Position register (programming of vector from part zero to tool tip)	01	Same corollary info as at G50 position register. Milling: Always as above. Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), position register is G50.	M	T (B)
G92	G92	Threading cycle, simple cycle	01			T (A)
G94		Feedrate per minute	01	On group type A lathes, feedrate per minute is G98.	M	T (B)
G94	G94	Fixed cycle, simple cycle, for roughing (X-axis emphasis) (or: "End Facing Cycle")	01 (& 01 Haas)	When not serving for feedrate per minute (above)		T (A)	G79	G24
	G95	Live Tooling Rigid Tap (Face)	09 (Haas)	___
G95		Feedrate per revolution	_	On group type A lathes, feedrate per revolution is G99.	M	T (B)
G96	G96	Constant surface speed (CSS)	02 (13 Haas)	Varies spindle speed automatically to achieve a constant surface speed. See speeds and feeds. Takes an S address integer, which is interpreted as sfm in G20 mode or as m/min in G21 mode.		T	G96	G96
$\bullet$ G97	G97	Constant spindle speed	02 (13 Haas)	Takes an S address integer, which is interpreted as rev/min (rpm). The default speed mode per system parameter if no mode is programmed.	M	T	$\bullet$ G97	$\bullet$ G97
G98		Return to initial Z level in canned cycle	05		M
G98	G98	Feedrate per minute (group type A)	05 (10 Haas)	Feedrate per minute is G94 on group type B.		T (A)	G94	G94
$\bullet$ G99		Return to R level in canned cycle	05 (10 Haas)		M		$\bullet$ G95	$\bullet$ G95
G99	G99	Feedrate per revolution (group type A)	05	Feedrate per revolution is G95 on group type B.		T (A)	G95	G95
G100		B-axis control-Program registration complete	00	___
G101		B-axis control-First program registration start	00	___
G102		B-axis control-Second program registration start	00	___
G103		B-axis control-Third program registration start	00	___
G110		B-axis control-One motion operation programming	00	___
	G100	Disable Mirror Image	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G101	Enable Mirro Image	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G102	Programmable Output to RS-232	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G103	Limit Block Lookahead	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G105	Servo Bar Command	__ (Haas)	___		T
G107		See G07.1
G110		B-axis control-One motion operation programming	00	___
	G110	Coordinate System	12 (Haas)	___		T
	G111	Coordinate System	12 (Haas)	___		T
G112		See G12.1
G113		See G13.1
	G114 - G129	Coordinate System	12 (Haas)	___		T
	G112	XY to XZ interpretation	04 (Haas)	___		T
	G113	G112 Cancel	04 (Haas)	___		T
	G154	Select Work Coordinates P1-99	12 (Haas)	___		T
	G159	Background Pickup / Part Return	__ (Haas)	___		T
	G160	APL Axis Command Mode On	__ (Haas)	___		T
	G161	APL Axis Command Mode Off	__ (Haas)	___		T
	G184	Reverse Tapping Canned Cycle for Left Hand Threads	09 (Haas)	___		T
	G186	Reverse Live Tool Rig Tap (For Left Hand Threads)	09 (Haas)	___		T
	G187	Accuracy Control	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G195	Live Tool Radial Tapping (Diameter)	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G196	Reverse Live Tool Vector Tapping (Diameter)	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G198	Disengage Synchronous Spindle Control	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G199	Engage Synchronous Spindle Control	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G200	Index on the Fly	00 (Haas)	___		T
	G211	Manual Tool Setting	__ (Haas)	___		T
	G212	Auto Tool Setting	__ (Haas)	___		T
G250		See G50.2
G251		See G51.2

Notes:
1. If the CNC enters the clear state when the power it turned on or the CNC is reset, the modal G codes change as follows.

(1) G codes marked with a "$\bullet$" (bullet) in above table are enabled. (This includes G00, G10, G13.1/G112, G18, G22, G25, G40, G50.2/G250, G54, G67, G69, G80, G97 and G99.)

(2) When the system is cleared due to power-on or reset, whichever is specified, either G20 or G21, remains effective.

2. G codes of group 00 except G10 and G11 are single shot G codes.
4. G codes of different groups can be specified in the same block. If G codes of the same group are specified in the same block, the G code specified last is valid.

Bibliography

• Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (1996), Green, Robert E.; McCauley, Christopher J. (eds.), Machinery's Handbook (25th ed.), New York: Industrial Press, ISBN 978-0-8311-2575-2, OCLC 473691581.
• Smid, Peter (2008), CNC Programming Handbook (3rd ed.), New York: Industrial Press, ISBN 9780831133474, LCCN 2007045901.
• GE Famuc Automation, Computer Numerical Control Products: "Operator's Manual", February 2000, publication number B-63004EN/02. (NO Copyright data or notice found.)
• Haas Automation, "Mill Operator's Manual, 96-8000 Rev AH March 2011", pages 151, 152, and 223+. File name: "98-8000-2.pdf", retrieved from: THIS WEB PAGE, Feb. 26th 2011.
• Haas Automation, "Lathe Operator's Manual, 96-8700 Rev AH March 2011", pages 183, 184, and 249. File name: "98-8700.pdf", retrieved from: THIS WEB PAGE, Feb. 26th 2011.

T-Mobile/AT&T and the 180-day countdown timer

On August 26, 2011 the FCC's "180-day timer" was restarted at day 83. This implies that around December 4, 2011 the FCC should announce their decision regarding AT&T's purchase of T-Mobile.

This "code" originally derived from:

Justice John Paul Stevens' time in office will surpass that of...

...Hugo Black in −5,413 days

Xxxx

• one source, FCC's discussion, xxx, xx, x.

WSJ Article

Where are the below "Statements" to be found???
Here's one: Press Release: AT&T Inc. – Thu, Nov 24, 2011 2:33 AM EST.
Here's another: Press Release: AT&T Inc. – Thu, Nov 24, 2011
Here's an "original" source: Press Release: November 24, 2011 02:33 AM Eastern Time

If the balance of the original 180 day countdown timer was to be used, then the withdrawal date of November 23, 2011 would imply there is a balance of around eleven days remaining.

Press Release: AT&T Inc. – Thu, Nov 24, 2011 2:33 AM EST
TECHNOLOGY NOVEMBER 26, 2011 "AT&T Bickers With FCC on Merger Review"

By GREG BENSINGER

AT&T Inc. battled for months with U.S. regulators to approve its $39 billion acquisition of T-Mobile USA. Now the telecommunications giant is bickering with the government over whether it can withdraw the proposed deal.

AT&T said it would take a $4 billion charge in the final quarter, an acknowledgement the company's proposed $39 billion acquisition of T-Mobile USA faces an increasingly uphill battle. Anton Troianovski has details on The News Hub.

In a statement Friday, AT&T said commissioners missed their chance to vote on a proposal announced Tuesday from Federal Communications Commission Chairman Julius Genachowski that the merger be sent before an administrative law judge for approval. The carrier announced it had withdrawn its FCC application in the early hours of the Thanksgiving holiday in the U.S.

FCC officials had said Thursday their options included granting the withdrawal with prejudice, which means AT&T couldn't reapply later, or denying it outright, which would allow the FCC to move forward with plans to vote on the hearing. The agency has yet to take official action.

"We have every right to withdraw our merger from the FCC, and the FCC has no right to stop us," AT&T General Counsel Wayne Watts said in the statement. "Any suggestion the agency might do otherwise would be an abuse of procedure which we would immediately challenge in court."

An AT&T spokesman declined to comment beyond the statement. An FCC spokeswoman had no response.

AT&T's merger plan has faced mounting challenges, including a Justice Department suit to block the deal and similar lawsuits from seven state attorneys general and from rivals Sprint Nextel Corp. and C Spire Wireless. Had FCC commissioners approved the chairman's recommendation, AT&T would have faced a hearing before an administrative law judge after it completed its federal trial stemming from the Justice Department suit.

The carrier needs approval from both the Justice Department, which will judge it on antitrust grounds, and the FCC, which weighs whether mergers are in the best interests of the public.

If it were to reapply to the FCC, AT&T would get a new 180-day timeframe under which the FCC could respond. AT&T is hoping to get Justice Department clearance for the merger—which would catapult it to the largest U.S. carrier by subscribers—either through the trial scheduled to begin in February or an out-of-court settlement.

AT&T also said Thursday it will take a charge in this year's final quarter for $4 billion, a sum it may owe T-Mobile parent Deutsche Telekom AG if the merger fails to go through. That works out to $3 billion in breakup fees and $1 billion in estimated book spectrum value. —Amy Schatz contributed to this article.

Read more: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204452104577060400382853704.html#ixzz1emGL6Gwg

List of EVSE Manufacturers

The below is a list of manufacturers who make Electric Vehicle Service Equipment. An EVSE

Note that to use the term "Appliance" would be a mistake. Also, for Class 1 & Class 2 EV Charging Stations, the actual Charger is located in the vehicle, not in the Charging Station. Thus the Charging Station should NOT generally be referred to as a Charger.

EVSE Class 2 Manufacturers

(240 volt, single phase)

	Company	Vending: Std./Optional (or None)	EVITP Partner/Advisor?	Web	Comments
01	Coulomb Technologies,	Yes/Yes (CDMA Cell phone)	Yes	Web	Big presence in the EVSE market.
02	AeroVironment, (partnered with Nissan re "Leaf"),	Unknown	Yes	Web
03	ClipperCreek,	No/Yes	Yes	Web
04	General Electric,	Unknown	Yes	Web & Web
05	Hubbell,	Unknown	Yes	Web	See: "PEP Stations".
06	Leviton,	Yes (CDMA Cell phone)	Yes	Web	Their product is very similar to those from Coulomb Technologies.
07	Legrand / Pass & Seymour,	Unknown (L) No (P&S)	Yes	Web
08	Milbank Manufacturing Co.,	No	Yes	Web	Apparently no products available.
09	PEP Stations (Plug-in Electric Power),	Yes (Ethernet)	Yes	Web	Represented by Hubbell
10	Schneider Electric,	not as of 11/'11	Yes	Web
11	Eaton,	No	No	Web	teamed with Best Buy re the Mitsubishi i.
12	ECOtality,	Unknown	No	Web
13	Ford Focus Electric Charging Station,	No	No	Web	Developed with Leviton.
14	SemaConnect,	Unknown	No	Web
15	Siemens,	Unknown	No	Web	See Coulomb
16	SPX,	Unknown	No	Web

EVSE Class 1 Manufacturers

(120 Volt, single phase)

This list is yet to be compiled.

EVSE Class 3 Manufacturers

(480 Volt, three phase)

This list is yet to be compiled.

See also

• Charging station
• Electric Vehicle

Sources and/or External Links

• http://www.pluginamerica.org/accessories,
• http://goelectricdrive.com/Charging/ChargingStationShowroom.aspx
• Description of the EVITP or Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Training Program, via a PDF file from the DOE's web site.

.

Samsung Galaxy S (series)

Samsung Galaxy S is a series of three smartphones manufactured by Samsung, including the:

• Samsung Galaxy S "4G",
• Samsung Galaxy S II &
• Samsung Galaxy S III.

History

Samsung uses letter codes to categorize their larger series of "Galaxy" phones. The "S" series is the high end subset of that larger group. {See also the the Galaxy history, as summarized in the below table.}

Date	Model
June 2009	Samsung Galaxy (i7500)
November 2009	Samsung Galaxy Lite/Spica/Portal (i5700)
June 2010	Samsung Galaxy S Captivate/Vibrant/ Fascinate/Epic 4G/Mesmerize etc. (i9000)
?	Samsung Galaxy S Plus
July 2010	Samsung Galaxy 3/Apollo/Mini (i5800)
July 2010	Samsung Galaxy Beam/Halo (i8520)
August 2010	Samsung Galaxy Europa/550/5 (i5500)
?	Samsung Galaxy 551
February 2011	Samsung Galaxy Ace (GT-S5830)
February 2011	Samsung Galaxy Fit (S5670)
March 2011	Samsung Galaxy Gio (GT-S5660)
March 2011	Samsung Galaxy Mini (GT-S5570)
April 2011	Samsung Galaxy Prevail (SPH-M820)
April 2011	Samsung Galaxy Pro
May 2011	Samsung Galaxy S II, SkyRocket, Captivate Glide, Epic Touch 4G (i900 with several variations)
June 2011	Samsung Exhibit 4G
June 2011	Samsung Galaxy Z
August 2011	Samsung Galaxy R (I9103)
August 2011	Samsung Galaxy Y (GT-S5360)
August 2011	Samsung Galaxy W (I8150)
Oct. 2011	Samsung Stratosphere
November 2011	Samsung Galaxy Nexus
January 2012	Samsung Galaxy Pro Duos
May 2012	Samsung Galaxy S III

Comparison

This table is primarily intended to show the differences between the three models of the "Galaxy S":

	Samsung Galaxy S	Samsung Galaxy S II	Samsung Galaxy S III
Release Date	June 2010	2011	~May 2012
Dimensions	122.4 mm (4.82 in) H 64.2 mm (2.53 in) W 9.9–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) D.	125.3 mm (4.93 in) H 66.1 mm (2.60 in) W 8.49 mm (0.334 in) D (standard) 5.11 in (130 mm) H 2.74 in (70 mm) W 0.38 in (9.7 mm) D (Sprint)	H 136.6 mm (5.38 in) W 70.6 mm (2.78 in) D 8.6 mm (0.34 in)
Weight	118–155 g (4.2–5.5 oz)	130 g (4.6 oz) (standard) 116 g (4.1 oz) (Sprint)	133 g (4.7 oz)
Display	800×480 px, 4.0 in (10 cm) at 233 ppi WVGA Super AMOLED (0.37 megapixels) with mDNIe	800×480 px, 10.8 cm (4.3 in) at 218 ppi 100,000:1 contrast ratio (typical) WVGA Super AMOLED Plus (0.37 megapixels) 4.5" Rogers Model Only	1280×720px WXGA HD Super AMOLED PenTile, 12.2 cm (4.8 in), 306 ppi
CPU	Samsung Exynos 3110 (ARM Cortex A8), 1 GHz (known before as Samsung Hummingbird S5PC110)	1.2 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 SoC processor; Samsung Exynos (GT-I9100)(under AT&T, Sprint, and outside US models); Texas Instruments OMAP4430 (GT-I9100G) 1.5 GHz dual core Qualcomm Snapdragon S3 (T-Mobile Model / SGSII LTE & HD LTE Model & Rogers Model)	1.4 GHz Exynos 4412 quad-core system on a chip (SoC) processor (also known as Exynos 4 Quad), however the US version will have Qualcomm’s dual-core Snapdragon S4 processor processor instead.
GPU	512 MB	1 GB	ARM Mali-400 MP running at >400 MHz
RAM	512 MB	1 GB	1 GB
Storage	4 GB Expansion slot: microSD memory card (SD 2.0 compatible)	16 GB	16/32/64 flash memory
Storage, Removable	4 GB Expansion slot: microSD memory card (SD 2.0 compatible)	16 GB	64GB SDXC
2G GSM/GPRS/EDGE	850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM/GPRS/EDGE	850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM/GPRS/EDGE	850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM/GPRS/EDGE
3G HSPA/WCDMA	850/900/1900/2100 MHz	adds 1700(US only), removes 1900 MHz	same as One V
Sensors	Proximity, Ambient Light and G-Sensor	adds Gyro and Digital compass	Multi-touch touch screen, aGPS[4], GLONASS
Connectivity	Wi-Fi: 802.11b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot NO DLNA Standard 5-pin micro USB 2.0 only	adds mobile high-definition video link (MHL) for USB or HDMI connection	adds 802.11a
Camera, Rear	5 MP 720p HD video recording No front camera	8 MP 1080p HD video recording adds VGA front camera	8 Mpx
Camera, Front	5 MP 720p HD video recording No front camera	8 MP 1080p HD video recording adds VGA front camera	1.9 Mpx
Battery	1500 mAh	1650 mAh	2100 mAh

Comparison v2

	Samsung Galaxy S	Samsung Galaxy S II (GT-I9100)	Samsung Galaxy S III
available	2010	2011	May 29, 2012 in Europe
display		800×480 px, 10.8 cm (4.3 in) at 218 ppi 100,000:1 contrast ratio (typical) WVGA Super AMOLED Plus (0.37 megapixels) 4.5" Rogers Model Only	1280×720 pixels WXGA HD Super AMOLED PenTile 12.2 cm (4.8 in), 306 ppi
rear_camera		8 Mpx Back-illuminated sensor with auto focus, 1080p 30 fps full HD video recording, full HD reproduction, and stills. Single LED flash.	8 megapixels
front_camera		2 Mpx for video chatting, video recording (VGA), and stills	1.9 megapixels
os		Android 4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich) with TouchWiz UI 4.0	Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich) with TouchWiz "Nature UX" UI
input		Multi-touch touch screen, headset controls, proximity and ambient light sensors, 3-axis gyroscope, magnetometer, accelerometer, aGPS, and stereo FM-radio	Multi-touch touch screen, aGPS, GLONASS, Barometer
CPU (International)		1.2 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 SoC processor; Samsung Exynos (GT-I9100) (under AT&T, Sprint, and outside US models); Texas Instruments OMAP4430 (GT-I9100G)	1.4 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A9
CPU (US Only)		1.5 GHz dual core Qualcomm Snapdragon S3 (T-Mobile Model / SGSII LTE & HD LTE Model & Rogers Model)	Qualcomm’s dual-core Snapdragon S4 SoC
GPU		ARM Mali-400 MP (GT-I9100) Adreno 220 (models with Snapdragon SoC) PowerVR SGX540 (GT-I9100G) || ARM Mali-400 MP
memory		1 GB RAM	1 GB RAM
storage		16 GB flash memory	16/32/64 GB flash memory
memory_card		microSD (up to 64 GB SDXC)	64 GB microSDXC
networks		Dual band CDMA2000/EV-DO Rev. A 800 and 1900 MHz; WiMAX 2.5 to 2.7 GHz; 802.16e 2.5G (GSM/GPRS/EDGE): 850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz UMTS: 850, 900, 1700 (T-Mobile USA only), 1900, and 2100 MHz HSPA+: 21/42 Mbit/s; HSUPA: 5.76 Mbit/s LTE 700/1700 Rogers Only	GSM/GPRS/EDGE 850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz UMTS/HSPA+ (21 Mbps down, 5.76 Mbps up) 850, 900, 1900, and 2100 MHz LTE In certain regions
battery		Li-ion 1650 mAh (Original Model) & 1850mAh (Rogers Model), Official Extended 2000mAh kit by Samsung available.	2100 mAh
size		125.3 mm (4.93 in) H 66.1 mm (2.60 in) W 8.49 mm (0.334 in) D (standard) 5.11 in (130 mm) H 2.74 in (70 mm) W 0.38 in (9.7 mm) D (Sprint)	H 136.6 mm (5.38 in) W 70.6 mm (2.78 in) D 8.6 mm (0.34 in)
weight		130 g (4.6 oz) (standard) 116 g (4.1 oz) (Sprint)	133 g (4.7 oz)
type		Touchscreen smartphone	Touchscreen smartphone
connectivity		3.5 mm TRRS; Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n); Wi-Fi Direct; Bluetooth 3.0; micro USB 2.0; Near field communication (NFC); DLNA; MHL; HDMI; USB Host (OTG) 2.0	Bluetooth 4.0, Wi-Fi supporting 802.11 a/b/g/n, NFC, AllShare
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

External links

• Official Samsung Galaxy S homepage

• Specifications at same Samsung web site

• Samsung Galaxy S II Homepage

• Specifications at same Samsung web site

• The Next Galaxy .com
• A brief history of the Samsung Galaxy
• Official Source Code for the Samsung Galaxy S (Sprint Version is SPH-D700 DI18)
• Samsung Apps
• Samsung Support page
• ARM NEON Multimedia Applications
• CyanogenMod operating system (Alternative OS to Android)

References

Category:Android devices Galaxy S Galaxy S II Galaxy S III Category:2010 introductions Category:Products introduced in 2011 Category:Products introduced in 2012

United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce Members, 113th Congress

The below table needs to be redone.

The current chairman is John Kline, from Minnesota, and the Ranking Member is George Miller of California.

Majority

Minority

John Kline, Minnesota, Chairman Tom Petri, Wisconsin Howard "Buck" McKeon, California DELETE? Judy Biggert, Illinois DELETE? Todd Russell Platts, Pennsylvania Joe Wilson, South Carolina Virginia Foxx, North Carolina Mr. Tom_Price of Georgia Mr. Kenny Marchant of Texas Duncan D. Hunter, California Phil Roe, Tennessee Glenn "G.T." Thompson, Pennsylvania Tim Walberg, Michigan Mr. Matt Salmon of Arizona Mr. Brett Guthrie of Kentucky Scott DesJarlais, Tennessee DELETE? Richard L. Hanna, New York Todd Rokita, Indiana Larry Bucshon, Indiana Trey Gowdy, South Carolina Lou Barletta, Pennsylvania DELETE? Kristi Noem, South Dakota Martha Roby, Alabama Joe Heck, Nevada DELETE? Dennis A. Ross, Florida DELETE? Mike Kelly, Pennsylvania New Republicans as of the 113th: Susan Brooks of Indiana Richard Hudson of North Carolina Luke Messer of Indiana

George Miller, California, Ranking Member DELETE? Dale E. Kildee, Michigan Rob Andrews, New Jersey Bobby Scott, Virginia DELETE? Lynn Woolsey, California Rubén Hinojosa, Texas Carolyn McCarthy, New York John F. Tierney, Massachusetts DELETE? Dennis Kucinich, Ohio DELETE? David Wu, Oregon Rush D. Holt, Jr., New Jersey Susan Davis, California Raúl Grijalva, Arizona Timothy Bishop, New York David Loebsack, Iowa DELETE? Mazie Hirono, Hawaii New Democrats as of the 113th: Mr. Joe Courtney of Connecticut Ms. Marcia Fudge of Ohio Mr. Jared Polis of Colorado Mr. Gregorio Sablan of Northern Mariana Islands Mr. John Yarmuth of Kentucky Ms. Frederica Wilson of Florida Ms. Suzanne Bonamici of Oregon

Sources: H.Res. 6 (Chairs), H.Res. 7 (D) and H.Res. 17 (R)

Comparison Chart Apple AirPort Extreme

Approx. release date	Consumer Nickname	AirPort Extreme	Model	Processor	Speed	Wireless standard	Gigabit ethernet	Guest network	Radio Type	MIMO config	IPv6 router mode**
Jan 7, 2003	round/original	M8799LL/A	A1034	(processor here)	(speed here)	802.11b/g	No	No	Single band 2.4 GHz	??	No
Jan 9, 2007	generation 1	MA073LL/A	A1143	(processor here)	(speed here)	802.11a/b/g/n*	No	No	Dual band 2.4 GHz OR 5 GHz	3x3:2	No
Aug 7, 2007	generation 2	MB053LL/A	A1143	(processor here)	(speed here)	802.11a/b/g/n*	Yes	No	Dual band 2.4 GHz OR 5 GHz	3x3:2	No
Mar 3, 2009	generation 3	MB763LL/A	A1301	(processor here)	(speed here)	802.11a/b/g/n*	Yes	Yes	Dual band (simultaneous) 2.4 GHz AND 5 GHz	2x2:2 (in each band)	No
Oct 20, 2009	generation 4	MC340LL/A	A1354	Marvell 88F6281 1.2 GHz "Kirkwood" SoC	(speed here)	802.11a/b/g/n	Yes	Yes	Dual band (simultaneous) 2.4 GHz AND 5 GHz	3x3:3 (in each band)	Yes (does not work over PPPoE).
Jun 21, 2011	generation 5	MD031LL/A	A1408	Marvell 88F6281 1.2 GHz "Kirkwood" SoC	(speed here)	802.11a/b/g/n	Yes	Yes	Dual band (simultaneous) 2.4 GHz AND 5 GHz	3x3:3 (in each band)	Yes (does not work over PPPoE).

Minneapolis mayoral election, 2013 (section) Declared

Name	Party/Alliance	Source(s)	Web Site(s)
* Mark V. Anderson	(Simplify Government)		_
* Merrill Anderson	(Jobs & Justice)		_
* Mark Andrew,    former Hennepin County Commissioner	(DFL)		markforminneapolis.com
* Neal Baxter	(Independent)		_
* Troy Benjegerdes	(Local Energy/Food)		_
* Alicia K. Bennett	(DFL)		_
* Edmund Bernard Bruyere	(Legacy — Next Generation)		_
* Bob "Again" Carney Jr	(Demand Transit Revolution)		_
* Jackie Cherryhomes,    former City Council President, lobbyist	(DFL)		_
* Christopher Clark	(Libertarian)		_
* Dan Cohen,    former City Councilmember, Ward 7	(Independent)		_
* James Everett	(Green)		_
* Bob Fine	(DFL)		_
* Cyd Gorman	(Police Reform)		_
* Mike Gould	(DFL)		_
* Kurtis W. Hanna	(Pirate)		_
* John Leslie Hartwig	(Independent)		_
* Betsy Hodges,    City Councilmember, Ward 13	(DFL)		betsyhodges.org
* Gregg A. Iverson	(DFL)		_
* Bill Kahn	(Last Minneapolis Mayor)		_
* Jaymie Kelly	(Stop Foreclosures Now)		_
* Tony Lane	(Socialist)		_
* Doug Mann	(Green)		_
* Abdun M. Rahaman "The Rock"	(We the People...)		_
* Joshua Rea	(End Homelessness Now)		_
* Don Samuels,    City Councilmember, Ward 5	(DFL)		_
* Ole Savior	(Republican)		_
* Captain Jack Sparrow	(Count All Rankings)		occupirate.blogspot.com
* James "Jimmy" L. Stroud, Jr.	(The People's Choice)		_
* Jeffrey Alan Wagner	(DFL)		_
* John Charles Wilson	(Lauraist Communist)		_
* Cam Winton,    attorney	(Independent, responsible inclusive)		wintonformayor.org
* Stephanie Woodruff,    software executive and Citizen Member of Minneapolis Audit Committee	(DFL)		_
* Rahn V. Workcuff	(Independence)		_
* Christopher Robin Zimmerman	(Libertarian)		_

Mayoral Election 2013 Results

None of the candidates passed the threshold of 39,588 votes to be elected in the first round, necessitating several rounds of vote transfers.

Unofficial results.

Minneapolis mayoral election, 2013
Political party/principle		Candidate	% 1st Choice	Round 1	Round 2
	DFL	Betsy Hodges	36.55	28,935
	DFL	Mark Andrew	24.74	19,584
	DFL	Don Samuels	10.53	8,335
	independent responsible inclusive	Cam Winton	9.49	7,511
	DFL	Jackie Cherryhomes	4.45	3,524
	DFL	Bob Fine	2.64	2,094
	Jobs Downtown Casino	Dan Cohen	2.27	1,798
	DFL	Stephanie Woodruff	1.28	1,010
	Simplify Government	Mark V. Anderson	1.23	975
	Green Party of Minnesota	Doug Mann	0.98	779
	Republican Party of Minnesota	Ole Savior	0.88	693
	DFL	Alicia K. Bennett	0.44	351
	Green Party of Minnesota	James Everett	0.44	347
	We the people...	Abdul M. Rahaman "The Rock"	0.43	338
	Count All Rankings	Captain Jack Sparrow	0.33	264
	Socialist Workers Party	Tony Lane	0.28	219
	DFL	Mike Gould	0.26	204
	Minnesota Pirate Party	Kurtis W. Hanna	0.25	200
	Stop Foreclosures Now	Jaymie Kelly	0.25	196
	Libertarian Party of Minnesota	Christopher Clark	0.24	188
	Libertarian	Christopher Robin Zimmerman	0.21	170
	DFL	Jeffrey Alan Wagner	0.21	164
	Local Energy/Food	Troy Benjegerdes	0.19	148
	Independent	Neal Baxter	0.18	145
	DFL	Gregg A. Iverson	0.18	144
	Jobs & Justice	Merrill Anderson	0.14	108
	End Homelessness Now	Joshua Rea	0.14	108
	Independent	John Leslie Hartwig	0.12	97
	Last Minneapolis Mayor	Bill Kahn	0.12	97
	Legacy-Next Generation	Edmund Bernard Bruyere	0.09	70
	Independence Party of Minnesota	Rahn V. Workcuff	0.08	65
	The people's choice	James "Jimmy" L. Stroud, Jr.	0.08	64
	Demand Transit Revolution	Bob "Again" Carney Jr	0.07	56
	Police Reform	Cyd Gorman	0.05	39
	Lauraist Communist	John Charles Wilson	0.05	37
	N/A	Write-in	0.15	117
Exhausted ballots
Threshold: 39,588 Valid: 79,174 Blank: 834 Turnout: 80,101

The Math

The point where the 2nd round of voting will begin is not a fixed number, but rather it is calculated based upon if a ranked candidate can theoretically get enough votes to win, then he/she and every candidate with a lesser vote total will have their ballots recounted for the next choice.

Here is an example of how the math could work:

Hodges: 79,174 - 28,935 = 50,239 available

Andrew: 50,239 - 19,584 = 30,655 available

{ 50,239 + 19,584 = 69,823 } > 39,588

Samuels: 30,655 - 8,335 = 22,320 available

{ 22,320 + 8,335 = 30,655 } ≯ [not greater than] 39,588

Thus, the votes for Samuels, or at least those candidates with lesser totals, should be recounted using the second choice.

Wikimedia Commons gallery

Below are selected images from Wikimedia, using the search terms of
CVN-78 and
Ford Aircraft Carrier.

• 
  Susan Ford Bales, ship's sponsor for the aircraft carrier USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78), tours Dry Dock No. 12 at Newport News Shipbuilding prior to flooding the basin and floating Gerald R. Ford for the first time.

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE SPELLING OF THIS PAGE IS NOT A MISTAKE. IT IS ASSISTENT. THIS NOTICE TO BE REMOVED BEFORE THE END OF DEC. 13TH, MIDNIGHT.

The original that this article was based upon can be seen at URL: https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolux_Assistent.

Example of an older model.

Assistant is a household appliance (originally) from Electrolux, which was introduced in 1940. It was designed by Alvar Lenning and became a bestseller for Electrolux. It is produced since 1969 in Ankarsrum when production was moved from Motala. It is sold today in several different colors.

Hook versus Roller discussion

There is some disagreement (and/or discussion) between the (U.S.-based) so-called "experts" as to if the dough hook is needed or not (as opposed to the scraper and roller method). Here are some examples:

This first pair show a lighter density mixture, thus is not as relevant for bread dough users:

* Roller or dough hook? Magic Mill DLX Electrolux 1: Roller and Scraper (1:36, YouTube).

* Roller or dough hook? Magic Mill DLX Electrolux 2: Bread Hook (2:23, YouTube).

Two good examples of the different methods:

• "Assistent Original Mixer Demonstration", uses the "bread hook" method for bread dough (11:23, YouTube).
• "Ankarsrum (Electrolux/Magic Mill/Verona) Mixer Demonstration", uses the "scraper and roller" method for bread dough (16:25, YouTube).

External links

• Ankarsrum Original USA.
• assistent-original.se is the Swedish-language web page for the now parent company.

• http://assistent-original.se/en/history/ is the english-language 'History page' for the product/company.
• assistent-original.se/om-ankarsrum-assistent/ is a swedish-language 'History page' for the product/company.

• Magic Mill USA.
• A three second YouTube video of a 50 year old model.

• Electrolux's Official website
• American Electrolux - The Beginning, and the Early Years by Charles Richard Lester

Category:Home appliance brands Category:Companies of Sweden Category:Home appliance manufacturers Category:Household brands Category:Companies related to the Wallenberg family * Category:Companies established in 1918

Sepkoski Curve

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_event#Major_extinction_events

Major extinction events

In a landmark paper published in 1982, Jack Sepkoski and David M. Raup identified five mass extinctions. They were originally identified as outliers to a general trend of decreasing extinction rates during the Phanerozoic, but as more stringent statistical tests have been applied to the accumulating data, the "Big Five" cannot be so clearly defined, but rather appear to represent the largest (or some of the largest) of a relatively smooth continuum of extinction events.

Example of a Sepkoski Curve chart, on dn display at Milwaukee Public Museum, 1st floor.

1. Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (End Cretaceous, K-T extinction, or K-Pg extinction): 66 Ma at the Cretaceous(Maastrichtian)-Paleogene(Danian) transition interval. The K–T event is now officially called the Cretaceous–Paleogene (or K–Pg) extinction event in place of Cretaceous-Tertiary. About 17% of all families, 50% of all genera and 75% of all species became extinct. In the seas it reduced the percentage of sessile animals to about 33%. All non-avian dinosaurs became extinct during that time. The boundary event was severe with a significant amount of variability in the rate of extinction between and among different clades. Mammals and birds emerged as dominant land vertebrates in the age of new life.
2. Triassic–Jurassic extinction event (End Triassic): 200 Ma at the Triassic-Jurassic transition. About 23% of all families, 48% of all genera (20% of marine families and 55% of marine genera) and 70% to 75% of all species went extinct. Most non-dinosaurian archosaurs, most therapsids, and most of the large amphibians were eliminated, leaving dinosaurs with little terrestrial competition. Non-dinosaurian archosaurs continued to dominate aquatic environments, while non-archosaurian diapsids continued to dominate marine environments. The Temnospondyl lineage of large amphibians also survived until the Cretaceous in Australia (e.g., Koolasuchus).
3. Permian–Triassic extinction event (End Permian): 251 Ma at the Permian-Triassic transition. Earth's largest extinction killed 57% of all families, 83% of all genera and 90% to 96% of all species (53% of marine families, 84% of marine genera, about 96% of all marine species and an estimated 70% of land species, including insects). The evidence of plants is less clear, but new taxa became dominant after the extinction. The "Great Dying" had enormous evolutionary significance: on land, it ended the primacy of mammal-like reptiles. The recovery of vertebrates took 30 million years, but the vacant niches created the opportunity for archosaurs to become ascendant. In the seas, the percentage of animals that were sessile dropped from 67% to 50%. The whole late Permian was a difficult time for at least marine life, even before the "Great Dying".
4. Late Devonian extinction: 375–360 Ma near the Devonian-Carboniferous transition. At the end of the Frasnian Age in the later part(s) of the Devonian Period, a prolonged series of extinctions eliminated about 19% of all families, 50% of all genera and 70% of all species. This extinction event lasted perhaps as long as 20 Ma, and there is evidence for a series of extinction pulses within this period.
5. Ordovician–Silurian extinction events (End Ordovician or O-S): 450–440 Ma at the Ordovician-Silurian transition. Two events occurred that killed off 27% of all families, 57% of all genera and 60% to 70% of all species. Together they are ranked by many scientists as the second largest of the five major extinctions in Earth's history in terms of percentage of genera that went extinct.

Despite the popularization of these five events, there is no fine line separating them from other extinction events; indeed, using different methods of calculating an extinction's impact can lead to other events featuring in the top five.

The older the fossil record gets, the more difficult it is to read. This is because:

• Older fossils are harder to find because they are usually buried at a considerable depth in the rock.
• Dating older fossils is more difficult.
• Productive fossil beds are researched more than unproductive ones, therefore leaving certain periods unresearched.
• Prehistoric environmental disturbances can disturb the deposition process.
• The preservation of fossils varies on land, but marine fossils tend to be better preserved than their sought after land-based counterparts.

It has been suggested that the apparent variations in marine biodiversity may actually be an artifact, with abundance estimates directly related to quantity of rock available for sampling from different time periods. However, statistical analysis shows that this can only account for 50% of the observed pattern, and other evidence (such as fungal spikes) provides reassurance that most widely accepted extinction events are indeed real. A quantification of the rock exposure of Western Europe does indicate that many of the minor events for which a biological explanation has been sought are most readily explained by sampling bias.

.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:How Firm a Foundation}}

{{hushållsstub}}

Talk:2016_U.S._Supreme_Court_vacancy

Some Obama possibilities include

from more than one source:

• Sri Srinivasan,
• Paul Watford,
• Patricia Ann Millett,
• Jane Louise Kelly,
• Merrick Garland,
• Jacqueline Nguyen,
• Kamala D. Harris,

and:

• David Barron
• Kannon Shanmugam
• Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar

Other sources add in:

• Sen. Amy Klobuchar,
• Sheldon Whitehouse,
• Cory Booker.

Republican possibilities include

• lawyer Paul Clement,
• D.C. Circuit judge Brett Kavanaugh,
• Seventh Circuit judge Diane Sykes,
• Sen. Mike Lee,
• 11th Circuit Judge Bill Pryor and
• Peter Keisler, nominated to the D.C. Circuit by George W. Bush.

Beltway Reference

...Located south of Minneapolis, but still inside the Interstate 494/694 Beltway.

Kings Choice

For the Chinese Elm cultivar 'King's Choice', see Ulmus parvifolia 'King's Choice'.

The King's Choice
Directed by	Erik Poppe
Written by	Harald Rosenløw-Eeg Jan Trygve Røyneland
Produced by	Finn Gjerdrum Stein B. Kvae
Starring	Jesper Christensen Anders Baasmo Christiansen Tuva Novotny Katharina Schüttler Karl Markovics Juliane Köhler Rolf Kristian Larsen Erik Hivju
Cinematography	John Christian Rosenlund
Edited by	Einar Egeland
Music by	Johan Söderqvist
Distributed by	Nordisk Filmdistribusjon
Release date	23 September 2016 (2016-09-23)
Running time	133 minutes
Countries	Norway Ireland
Languages	Norwegian Danish German
Budget	$7.5 million
Box office	$9.1 million

The King's Choice (Norwegian: Kongens nei) is a 2016 biographical war film directed by Erik Poppe. It is a co-production between Norway and Ireland, and was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards. In December 2016, it made the shortlist of nine films to be considered for a nomination at the 89th Academy Awards.

The film is related to King Haakon VII's decision to support a continuation of fighting the German invasion forces rather than acceding to German demands and surrender Norway to Nazi Germany and the Norwegian collaborator Vidkun Quisling. The consequences of the government's refusal to surrender, and the king's support of that, were continued hostilities, the Norwegian royal family's dramatic escape from Norway, and the World War II involvement of Norway on the Allied side.

Cast (Rolleliste)

• Jesper Christensen as King Haakon VII
• Anders Baasmo Christiansen as Crown Prince Olav
• Tuva Novotny as Crown Princess Märtha
• Katharina Schüttler as Anneliese Bräuer
• Karl Markovics as Kurt Bräuer
• Juliane Köhler as Diana Müller
• Rolf Kristian Larsen as Brynjar Hammer
• Erik Hivju as colonel Birger Eriksen

See also

• List of submissions to the 89th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
• List of Norwegian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
• no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongens_nei_(film), Norwegian language version of this same page.

Historic background

• Battle of Drøbak Sound
• Battle of Midtskogen
• Elverum Authorization
• Nybergsund
• Timeline of the Norwegian Campaign

Awards and Nominations (Priser og nominasjoner)

Pris	Klasse	Mottaker/nominert	Resultat
Amandaprisen 2017	Beste norske kinofilm		Won
	Beste regi	Erik Poppe	Nominated
	Beste mannlige skuespiller	Jesper Christensen	Nominated
	Beste mannlige birolle	Karl Markovics	Won
	Beste mannlige birolle	Anders Baasmo Christiansen	Nominated
	Beste filmmanus	Harald Rosenløw Eeg og Jan Trygve Røyneland	Won
	Beste foto	John Christian Rosenlund	Nominated
	Beste produksjonsdesign/scenografi	{{ikkerød|Peter Bävman}}	Won
	Beste visuelle effekter	{{ikkerød|Arne Kaupang}}	Won
	Beste musikk	{{ikkerød|Johan Söderqvist}}	Won
	Beste klipp	Einar Egeland	Won
	Beste lyddesign	Christian Schaanning	Won
	Folkets Amanda		Nominated
Kanonprisen 2016	Beste manus	Harald Rosenløw Eeg og Jan Trygve Røyneland	Won
	Beste regi	Erik Poppe	Nominated
	Beste mannlige hovedrolle	Jesper Christensen	Won
	Beste lyddesign	Christian Schaanning	Nominated
	Beste foto	John Christian Rosenlund	Won
	Beste klipp	Einar Egeland	Nominated
	Beste produsent	Finn Gjerdrum og Stein B. Kvae	Won
	Filmwebs Kanonpris		Won

External links

• The King's Choice at IMDb
• LP-mn/Sandbox at Rotten Tomatoes
• The King's Choice at Palace Films and Cinemas
• The King's Choice at Palm Springs International Film Festival

{{DEFAULTSORT:King's Choice, The}} Category:2016 films Category:2010s drama films Category:Norwegian films Category:Norwegian drama films Category:Norwegian biographical films Category:Irish films Category:Irish drama films Category:Norwegian-language films Category:Danish-language films Category:German-language films Category:Films set in Norway Category:Films shot in Norway Category:War drama films Category:Western Front of World War II films Category:World War II films based on actual events

Howe School

Not to be confused with Howe School, of the Minneapolis Public Schools system, in the Howe Neighborhood (and the Longfellow Community) of Minneapolis, MN.

Example: You're my Mississippi

One well done variation on this theme is used in the movie "Annapolis" (2006), starring James Franco as Jake Huard

• Quote (from imdb):

Jake Huard : He's right you know.

Twins : Can I borrow your starch?

Jake Huard : Look, I don't get it. Why are you still here?

Twins : You want to know why I stay in this room?

Jake Huard : Yeah.

Twins : Cause Jake, you're my Mississippi.

Jake Huard : I'm your what?

Twins : People who live in Arkansas, you know what their favorite state is?

Jake Huard : No.

Twins : Mississippi. Cause Mississippi's the only thing that keeps Arkansas from being the worst state in the whole country.

Jake Huard : I'm Mississippi.

Twins : Well you sure as hell ain't California. Listen, Cole and Whitaker are so busy tryin' to run you out they forgot about me. As a matter of fact, they've forgotten about every other plebe in this whole company. That's why I stay in this room Jake. Cause if Mississippi quits, then all of a sudden Arkansas is the worst state in the whole country.

See Also

Thank God for Mississippi

Affected Neighborhoods of Minneapolis

Minneapolis has a eleven identified communities, each of which has a number of neighborhoods within it. The 3rd Precinct Police Station is located on the eastern side of the Longfellow neighborhood (which is inside the Longfellow Community). The destruction has since expanded elsewhere, locally to the West, in Phillips Community (north side of Lake Street) and Powderhorn Community (south side of Lake Street), as well as to St. Paul's Midway area and possibly elsewhere.

The confrontation/Death of George Floyd took place in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood (which is inside the community of the similar name). The area covered by the 3rd Precinct (MAP) includes both the Powderhorn and Longfellow Neighborhoods.

It has since expanded to include at least the xxxx neighborhood.

Most of the rioting originally has taken place in the xxxxxx

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

#6-32 UNC screw

The #6-32 UNC screw has a thread pitch of 1/32 in (0.031250 inches (0.7938 mm)).

The #6-32 UNC is a UTS screw specifying a major thread diameter of #6 which is defined as 0.1380 inches (3.51 mm); and 32 tpi (threads per inch) which equates to a thread pitch of 0.031250 inches (0.7938 mm). The optional UNC specification indicates the standard coarse thread is used which is defined for #6 screws as 32 tpi rendering 'UNC' redundant, however it may be seen when other specifications such as plating or other treatments are also specified. It is by far the most common screw found inside computer cases. It commonly appears in lengths of 3/16 in (0.1875 inches (4.76 mm)) and 1/4 in (0.25 inches (6.4 mm)) or less often 5/16 in (0.3125 inches (7.94 mm)). Non-standard metricized lengths such as 5 millimetres (0.20 in) are also sometimes encountered. Nearly every brand new computer case comes with a bag of these. They are commonly used for the following purposes, however there are many exceptions:

• securing a power supply to the case
• securing a 3.5-inch hard disk drive to the case
• holding an expansion card in place by its metal slot cover
• fastening case components to one another
• usually, one or more #6-32 UNC screws hold the main cover on the case

They are almost always provided with a #2 Phillips drive. Sometimes a Green Robertson or Torx drive is used instead. All three patterns may also be combined with a slot for a flat-blade screwdriver. Usually they are provided with a 1/4 in (0.25 inches (6.4 mm)) flanged hex head. Non-standard metricized 5.5 millimetres (0.22 in) flanged hex heads can also be encountered. Also common are pan head screws - a low disk with a chamfered outer edge. Because they are used in places where high torque is not required and easy removal and replacement may be desirable (such as on the side panels of the PC case), they are frequently available as thumbscrews with larger, knurled heads that can be removed with one's fingers or tools.

M3 screw

The bottom M3 screw has a finer pitch than the top #6-32 UNC screw.

The M3 is a metric screw specifying:
a nominal diameter of 3 millimetres (0.12 in); and standard coarse thread pitch defined as 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in). The M3 is the second most common screw found in PCs. It commonly appears in many lengths from 1 to 20 mm. Nearly every brand-new computer case comes with a bag of these. Notwithstanding many exceptions, they are commonly used for securing the following devices:

• 5.25-inch optical disc drives
• 2.5-inch hard disks and solid-state drive
• 3.5-inch floppy drives

M3 screws typically accept a #2 Phillips screwdriver tip.