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Sustainability

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See also: Sustainability
Blackfriars Station is an example of one of the projects that was undertaken by London to improve sustainability by using solar panel technology. [1]
Bloomberg HQ building in London. Rated one of the most sustainable building in London according to BREEAM. [2]


London is known to be a sustainable city. [3] As reported by Arcadis, 2018 Sustainable Cities Index, London was ranked to be the worlds most sustainable city. This is due to their high scores the indexes categories of people and profit. London started this journey toward becoming sustainable city before the 2012 Summer Olympics.[1][4] The Olympic Games, however, became a great motivator for London to implement new sustainable practices to help their economy before, during and after the games.[1][4] London was able to implement changes toward sustainability by scaling down on carbon emissions and portable waste. London also made great efforts to find sustainable resources for building materials and recycle and reuse materials. [1]

Sustainable Construction

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London become a city that has implemented sustainable technology in not only new construction but also in remodeling. [5] One example of this is Blackfriars Station, it has solar panels to help create a sustainable building, however solar panels have been debated if they truly work as a sustainable resource.[5] Another example of a sustainable building in London is the Bloomberg European Headquarters. Bloomberg's HQ has been rated one of the most sustainable buildings by a method called "Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method" or BREEAM.[6][2]


Sustainable Food

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See also: Urban agriculture and Sustainable food
View of UK pavilion at Expo 2015.[7]

There has been a move toward creating not only a sustainable city in terms of transportation and urban planning but also in food management. [8] Food management is also referred to as urban agriculture[9]; urban agriculture is important for cities, like London, because not only does it help with feeding the population in urban areas, but it also encourages the use and development of new technologies to help with food sustainability. [8] There are many ways that cities, such as London, have educated themselves on food sustainability one of them being attending the Expo 2015 "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life"[10], an exposition that was hosted in Milan, that focused on food sustainability around the world[11]. It helped give cities and citizens a chance to learn about food sustainability and how they can make changes in their cities. As the Untied Kingdom was present at Expo 2015 and they contributed a United Kingdom pavilion, the theme was "Grown in Britain, Shared Globally".[10]

London has many innovative ideas when it comes to food sustainability[12]. There is a London based company called Growing Underground has began to sell urban greens in hopes to inspire others to grow food in the urbanized areas of London[13][14]. Growing Underground grow their products an old abandoned tunnel under the city and the subway system, this is example of how urban cites can make the most of existing structures to help create sustainable food resources.[14][15] London hosts a week called "YFood London Food Tech Week", this is another example of London striving to find new innovative ideas for food sustainability and to inspire others to implement a system that supports urban agriculture.[12]
London's Food Strategy [16]

In 2006 London began a program called: Healthy and Sustainable Food for London. [16] This movement was implemented to help London ...[16] Healthy and Sustainable Food for London, was not revolutionary for London, the city had tried implementing other policies for food sustainability. Such as the 2002 example lead by the Policy Commission on the Future of Farming and Food. [17]

Culture

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Cuisine

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See also: Cuisine of England and British cuisine

London is known for a diverse food scene. Many different cultures have come together to express themselves through food. Many of these cuisines are present to do the migration of many cultures to London. This migration has cause a version of globalization because called "reverse globalization", as it applies to cuisine.[18] London is a prime example of reverse globalization because many different cuisines that are now present in London have "undermined" the traditional cuisine and have become popular with the local citizens.[18]

A few cuisines that are represented in London are: traditional[19], Brazilian[20], Bangladeshi[21]. (other cuisines are also popular, need a more complete list).

Traditional Cuisine in London

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See also: List of English dishes and A History of English Food

Clarissa Dickson Wright is an cook and author who wrote a book titled "A History of English Food". This book gives an interactive look at English food history and what can be considered traditional English cuisine.[19]

Brazilian Cuisine in London[20]

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See also: Brazilian cuisine and List of Brazilian dishes

Brazilian food became easier to find in London due to a phenomena called a homesick/nostalgia economy.[20] Brazilian immigrants started to import products from home in their local communities in London. [20] After catering to other Brazilians word spread and other Londoners began to embrace Brazilian cuisine. [20] This branching out is also another example of "reverse globalization". [18]

Bangladeshi Cuisine in London[21]

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See also: Bangladeshi cuisine and List of Bangladeshi dishes

As with Brazilian cuisine, Bangladeshi cuisine was spread through London in the same way. The phenomena of a nostalgia economy is also played a role in the popularity of Bangladeshi cuisine. [21] Many Bangladeshi immigrants opened restaurants in London to service other immigrants and then the cuisine grew in popularity with locals. [21] However, many Bangladeshi restaurant owners run Indian style cuisine restaurants. [21]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Epstein, Dan; Jackson, Richard; Braithwaite, Peter (2011). "Delivering London 2012: sustainability strategy". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering. 164 (5): 27–33. doi:10.1680/cien.2011.164.5.27. ISSN 0965-089X.
  2. ^ a b Blundell, Steph (2018-04-06). "Five of the UK's most impressive eco-buildings". Planning, BIM & Construction Today. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  3. ^ Arcadis. "Citizen Centric Cities | 2018 Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index". www.arcadis.com. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  4. ^ a b Kim, Hyun-Duck (2013-12-01). "The 2012 London Olympics: Commercial Partners, Environmental Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility and Outlining the Implications". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 30 (18): 2197–2208. doi:10.1080/09523367.2013.845171. ISSN 0952-3367. S2CID 153822066.
  5. ^ a b Brooks, Andrew; Rich, Hannah (2016). "Sustainable construction and socio-technical transitions in London's mega-projects". The Geographical Journal. 182 (4): 395–405. doi:10.1111/geoj.12167.
  6. ^ "BREEAM: the world's leading sustainability assessment method for masterplanning projects, infrastructure and buildings - BREEAM". Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  7. ^ "Expo 2015 pavilions", Wikipedia, 2018-11-15, retrieved 2019-06-13
  8. ^ a b Cohen, Nevin; Ilieva, Rositsa T. (2015-12-01). "Transitioning the food system: A strategic practice management approach for cities". Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 17: 199–217. doi:10.1016/j.eist.2015.01.003. ISSN 2210-4224.
  9. ^ "Urban Food Systems". The RUAF Foundation. 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  10. ^ a b ""Grown in Britain, shared globally": UK signs the contract to take part in Expo Milano 2015 | Expo Milano 2015". 2014-04-13. Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  11. ^ "Expo Milano 2015: Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life" (PDF). PowerPoint. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help); Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  12. ^ a b "YFood London Food Tech Week 2019". YFood Limited. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  13. ^ "Home". Growing Underground. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  14. ^ a b SORTEDfood (2017-10-16), Becoming A Secret Sci-Fi Underground Farmer!!, retrieved 2019-06-12
  15. ^ "Farm Tour with the Founders". Growing Underground. 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  16. ^ a b c Reynolds, Ben (2009-11-01). "Feeding a World City: The London Food Strategy". International Planning Studies. 14 (4): 417–424. doi:10.1080/13563471003642910. ISSN 1356-3475. S2CID 143778783.
  17. ^ "Policy Commission on the Future of Farming and Food" (PDF). Food and Drink Federation. 2001.
  18. ^ a b c Lane, Christel (2019-02-22). "Reverse cultural globalization: The case of haute cuisine in one global city". Poetics. 75: 101350. doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2019.02.001. ISSN 0304-422X. S2CID 150851304.
  19. ^ a b Dickson Wright, Clarissa. (2011). A history of English food. London: Random House. ISBN 9781905211852. OCLC 751745454.
  20. ^ a b c d e Brightwell, Maria Das Graças (2012-01-01). "On the Move and in the Making: Brazilian Culinary Cultures in London". Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes. 37 (74): 51–80. doi:10.1080/08263663.2012.11006003. ISSN 0826-3663. S2CID 142785890.
  21. ^ a b c d e Pottier, Johan (2014-03-01). "Savoring "The Authentic"". Food, Culture & Society. 17 (1): 7–26. doi:10.2752/175174413X13758634982173. ISSN 1552-8014. S2CID 153366397.
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