User:J947/sandbox/4

This is the user sandbox of J947. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here.

Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox

Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review!

Bruce (or Tokomairiro) was a rural parliamentary electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand, from 1861 to 1922. For part of the 1860s with the influx to Otago of gold-miners it was a multi-member constituency with two members.

Overview

In 1865 the Bruce electorate included some suburbs of Dunedin, East Taieri, Inch Clutha, Lawrence, Pomahaka, Tokomairiro, Waihola, and Warepa.

The Bruce electorate was formed in the 1860 electoral redistribution. It covered the rural area surrounding Dunedin that had previously been part of the Dunedin Country electorate.^[1] The Bruce electorate was a two-member constituency.^[a]^[5]

Kettle died on 5 June 1862.^[4]

Thomas Gillies resigned in 1865 and the subsequent by-election was contested by William John Dyer and Arthur John Burns.^[6] On 8 April 1865, Burns and Dyer received 102 and 78 votes. Burns was thus declared elected.^[7]

Later in 1865, Edward Cargill resigned. The resulting by-election, held on 26 July, was contested by James Macandrew and John Cargill. Macandrew and J. Cargill received 207 and 34 votes, and Macandrew was declared elected.^[8]

From the 1866 general election, Bruce was a single-member electorate. John Cargill was its first representative, and he resigned in 1870. James Clark Brown won the 1870 by-election on 21 March. Brown stood for Tuapeka in the 1871 general election. William Murray won the 1871 election for Bruce, was confirmed in 1876 and 1879, but defeated in 1881 by James Rutherford, who died in 1883. James McDonald won the 1883 by-election, but was defeated at the 1884 general election.^[9]

Robert Gillies won the 1884 general election, but resigned on 30 June 1885.^[10] Donald Reid won the resulting 1885 by-election, but was defeated at the 1887 general election by Crawford Anderson. He retired at the end of the term, and the 1890 general election was won by James William Thomson, who resigned again in 1892.^[9]

The later Defence Minister James Allen won the 1892 by-election and held the seat until 1920, when he resigned. John Edie was successful in the 1920 by-election, and when the electorate was abolished in 1922, he successfully stood for Clutha.^[9]

Members of Parliament

Altogether, Bruce was represented by 16 Members of Parliament.^[9]

Key:

Independent Conservative Reform Liberal

Bruce was a two-member electorate from 1861 to 1866.

Election	Winner
1861 election		Charles Kettle	Thomas Gillies
1862 by-election		Edward Cargill
April 1865 by-election			Arthur John Burns
July 1865 by-election		James Macandrew

From 1866 to 1922, Bruce was a single-member electorate.

Election	Winner
1866 election		John Cargill
1870 by-election		James Clark Brown
1871 election		William Murray
1876 election
1879 election
1881 election		James Rutherford
1883 by-election		James McDonald
1884 election		Robert Gillies
1885 by-election		Donald Reid
1887 election		Crawford Anderson
1890 election		James William Thomson
1892 by-election		James Allen
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1920 by-election		John Edie
(Electorate abolished 1922; see Clutha)

Geography

History

Establishment

1860s

Charles Kettle and Thomas Gillies were the only two candidates for the newly constituted two-member electorate of Bruce. They were thus declared elected unopposed on 11 February 1861.^[11]

The by-election was forced by the death of the incumbent, Charles Kettle. The election was won by Edward Cargill.^[12]

1862 Bruce by-election^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Edward Cargill	74	57.81
	Independent	William Baldwin	54	42.19
Turnout			128
Majority			20

The by-election was forced by the resignation of the incumbent, Thomas Gillies, over separation matters. It was won by Arthur John Burns.^[13]

April 1865 Bruce by-election^[13]^[14]^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Arthur John Burns	102	56.67
	Independent	William John Dyer	78	43.33
Majority			24	13.33
Turnout			180	36.00
Registered electors			500

The by-election was forced by the resignation of the incumbent, Edward Cargill. It was won by James Macandrew.^[16]

July 1865 Bruce by-election^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	James Macandrew	207	85.89
	Independent	John Cargill	34	14.11
Majority			173	71.78
Turnout			241	48.20
Registered electors			500

Bruce was transformed into a single-member electorate at the 7 March 1866 election and the electorate was won by John Cargill—who had contested the previous election—unopposed.^[17]^[18]

1870s

The 1870 by-election had James Clark Brown as the only person nominated to replace John Cargill after his resignation.^[19]

1871 general election: Bruce^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	William Murray	131	40.43
	Independent	William John Dyer	90	27.78
	Independent	William Cutten	72	22.22
	Independent	William Black	31	9.57
Majority			41	12.65
Turnout			324	60.79
Registered electors			533

1880s

1883 Bruce by-election^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	James McDonald	472	46.64
	Independent	Robert Gillies	451	44.57
	Independent	William A. Mosley	89	8.79
Majority			21	2.08
Turnout			1136

1885 Bruce by-election^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Donald Reid	336	31.61
	Independent	James McDonald	327	30.76
	Independent	J. C. Anderson	303	28.50
	Independent	William Hutchison	97	9.13
Majority			9	0.85
Turnout			1063

1890s

1890 general election: Bruce^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	James William Thomson	872	69.76
	Conservative	James Smith	378	30.24
Majority			494	39.51
Turnout			1,250	59.80
Registered electors			2,090

1892 Bruce by-election^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	James Allen	1,085	66.85
	Liberal	Alfred Lee Smith	538	33.14
Majority			547	33.70
Turnout			1,623	75.06
Registered electors			2,162

1899 general election: Bruce^[25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	James Allen	1,966	55.10
	Liberal	Crawford Anderson^[26]	1,602	44.90
Majority			364	10.20
Turnout			3,568	76.48
Registered electors			4,665

1900s

1910s onwards

1919 general election: Bruce^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Reform	James Allen	2,993	51.08
	Liberal	John Edie	2,867	48.92
Majority			126	2.15
Informal votes			71	1.20
Registered electors			7,395
Turnout			5,931	80.20

1920 Bruce by-election^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Edie	2,421	51.14	+2.22
	Reform	James Begg	2,297	48.52
Informal votes			16	0.33	−0.87
Majority			124	2.61
Turnout			4,734	63.92	−16.28
Registered electors			7,406

Dissolution

Notes

^ The New Zealand term of multi-member electorates is that they are electorates that have multiple representatives elected at the same time (except in the case of by-elections). Multi-member electorates in New Zealand had two or three members; the Bruce electorate never had more than two.^[2]^[3]^[4]

References

^ McRobie 1989, pp. 31–35.
^ Nigel S. Roberts (20 June 2012). "Page 1. Turning votes into seats". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. p. 1. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 34–36.
^ ^a ^b Wilson 1985, p. 188.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 34.
^ "The Nomination". Bruce Herald. Vol. II, no. 52. 6 April 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Witness. No. 698. 15 April 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Witness. No. 714. 5 August 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wilson 1985.
^ Scholefield 1950, p. 108.
^ "Local Intelligence". Otago Witness. No. 481. 16 February 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b "The Election for Bruce". Otago Daily Times. No. 204. 4 August 1862. p. 5. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Bruce Election". Bruce Herald. Vol. III, no. 53. 13 April 1865. Retrieved 17 January 2017 – via Papers Past.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Witness. No. 698. 15 April 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 3 February 2017 – via Papers Past.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 1035. 14 April 1865. p. 6. Retrieved 3 February 2017 – via Papers Past.
^ ^a ^b "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 1127. 1 August 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Papers Past.
^ "The Elections". Otago Daily Times. No. 1308. 8 March 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 24 December 2019 – via Papers Past.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 1309. 9 March 1866. p. 5. Retrieved 24 December 2019 – via Papers Past.
^ "By Electric Telegraph". Otago Daily Times. No. 2535. 22 March 1870. p. 5. Retrieved 24 December 2019 – via Papers Past.
^ "Election for Bruce". Bruce Herald. Vol. VI, no. 353. 1 February 1871. p. 5. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. 13 July 1883.
^ "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. 6 August 1885.
^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ "The Bruce Election". Manawatu Herald. 7 May 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
^ "Bruce Electoral District". Clutha Leader. Vol. XXVI, no. 1355. 5 December 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1920. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
^ "The Bruce Election". The Southland Times. No. 18805. 26 April 1920. p. 6. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

Citations

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

Category:Historical electorates of New Zealand Category:1860 establishments in New Zealand Category:1922 disestablishments in New Zealand Category:Politics of Otago

[5] The New Zealand term of multi-member electorates is that they are electorates that have multiple representatives elected at the same time (except in the case of by-elections). Multi-member electorates in New Zealand had two or three members; the Bruce electorate never had more than two.^[2]^[3]^[4]

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198931–35-1] McRobie 1989, pp. 31–35.

[multi-member-2] Nigel S. Roberts (20 June 2012). "Page 1. Turning votes into seats". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. p. 1. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198934–36-3] McRobie 1989, pp. 34–36.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985188-4] Wilson 1985, p. 188.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198934-6] McRobie 1989, pp. 34.

[7] "The Nomination". Bruce Herald. Vol. II, no. 52. 6 April 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

[1865_first_Bruce_by-election-8] "Bruce Election". Otago Witness. No. 698. 15 April 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

[2nd_Bruce_1865_by-election-9] "Bruce Election". Otago Witness. No. 714. 5 August 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985-10] Wilson 1985.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield1950108-11] Scholefield 1950, p. 108.

[1861_Bruce_election-12] "Local Intelligence". Otago Witness. No. 481. 16 February 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

[election_results-13] "The Election for Bruce". Otago Daily Times. No. 204. 4 August 1862. p. 5. Retrieved 17 November 2015.

[1865_by-election-14] "Bruce Election". Bruce Herald. Vol. III, no. 53. 13 April 1865. Retrieved 17 January 2017 – via Papers Past.

[Bruce_election-15] "Bruce Election". Otago Witness. No. 698. 15 April 1865. p. 11. Retrieved 3 February 2017 – via Papers Past.

[Bruce_election2-16] "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 1035. 14 April 1865. p. 6. Retrieved 3 February 2017 – via Papers Past.

[July_1865_by-election-17] "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 1127. 1 August 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 20 January 2017 – via Papers Past.

[1866_election-18] "The Elections". Otago Daily Times. No. 1308. 8 March 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 24 December 2019 – via Papers Past.

[1866_election_II-19] "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 1309. 9 March 1866. p. 5. Retrieved 24 December 2019 – via Papers Past.

[1870_election-20] "By Electric Telegraph". Otago Daily Times. No. 2535. 22 March 1870. p. 5. Retrieved 24 December 2019 – via Papers Past.

[1871_election-21] "Election for Bruce". Bruce Herald. Vol. VI, no. 353. 1 February 1871. p. 5. Retrieved 16 January 2017.

[22] "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. 13 July 1883.

[23] "Bruce Election". Otago Daily Times. 6 August 1885.

[General_Election,_1890-24] "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

[The_Bruce_Election-25] "The Bruce Election". Manawatu Herald. 7 May 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

[26] "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 1 November 2012.

[27] "Bruce Electoral District". Clutha Leader. Vol. XXVI, no. 1355. 5 December 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 9 February 2014.

[Year-Book_1920-28] The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1920. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2013.

[29] "The Bruce Election". The Southland Times. No. 18805. 26 April 1920. p. 6. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

[1]

[a]

[5]

[4]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[2]

[3]

v t e Historical electorates of New Zealand « current electorates »
General electorates	Akaroa Albany Aoraki Arch Hill Ashburton Ashley Auckland Auckland East Auckland North Auckland Suburbs Auckland West Avon Awarua Bay of Islands Birkenhead Brooklyn Bruce Buller Caversham Chalmers Cheviot Christchurch Christchurch Country Christchurch North Christchurch South Christchurch West City of Auckland City of Christchurch City of Dunedin City of Nelson City of Wellington Clevedon Clive Clutha Clutha-Southland Coleridge Collingwood County of Hawke Courtenay Dunedin Central Dunedin Country Dunedin East Dunedin North Dunedin South Dunedin and Suburbs North Dunedin and Suburbs South Dunedin Suburbs Dunedin West Dunstan East Cape Eastern Bay of Plenty Eastern Hutt Eden Egmont Ellesmere Fendalton Far North Foxton Franklin Franklin North Franklin South Geraldine Gisborne Glenfield Gladstone Grey Grey and Bell Grey Lynn Greymouth Grey Valley Halswell Hamilton Hampden Hastings Hauraki Hawera Hawkes Bay Heathcote Helensville Henderson Heretaunga Hobson Hokitika Hokonui Horowhenua Howick Hunua Hurunui Hutt Inangahua Island Bay Kaiapoi Kaimai Kaipara Kapiti Karapiro Karori King Country Kumara Lincoln Linwood Lyttelton Mahia Manawatu Manuherikia Manukau Manukau East Maramarua Marlborough Marsden Masterton Matakana Matamata Mataura Mid-Canterbury Miramar Moeraki Mongonui Mongonui and Bay of Islands Mornington Motueka Motueka and Massacre Bay Mount Herbert Mount Ida Mount Victoria Newton Newtown Northern Division Oamaru Ohariu-Belmont Ohinemuri Omata Onehunga Onslow Oroua Otago Otago Central Otahuhu Otara Owairaka Pahiatua Palmerston Panmure Papanui Papatoetoe Pareora Parnell Patea Pencarrow Peninsula Pensioner Settlements Petone Piako Picton Ponsonby Porirua Port Chalmers Port Hills Raglan Rakaia Rangiora Rangiriri Remuera Riccarton Riverton Rodney Roskill Roslyn Ruahine St Albans St Kilda South Canterbury Southern Division Stanmore Stratford Suburbs of Auckland Suburbs of Nelson Sydenham Taranaki Tarawera Tasman Taumarunui Te Aro Te Aroha Temuka Thames Thorndon Timaru Titirangi Tongariro Totara Tuapeka Waiapu Waihemo Waikaia Waikaremoana Waikouaiti Waimarino Waimate Waimea Waimea-Picton Waimea-Sounds Waipa Waipareira Waipawa Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay Wairarapa North Wairarapa South Wairau Waitemata Waitakere Waitomo Waitotara Wakanui Wakatipu Wallace Wanganui and Rangitikei Wellington Wellington Country Wellington East Wellington-Karori Wellington North Wellington South Wellington South and Suburbs Wellington Suburbs Wellington Suburbs and Country Wellington West West Auckland West Coast Western Hutt Westland Westland North Westland South Woodville Yaldhurst
Māori electorates	Eastern Maori Hauraki Māori Northern Maori Southern Maori Tainui Te Puku O Te Whenua Te Tai Rawhiti Western Maori
Goldminers' electorates	Gold Fields Gold Field Towns Westland Boroughs