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Hutt (New Zealand electorate)

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Hutt was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978. It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament.

Population centres

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The Representation Act 1900 had increased the membership of the House of Representatives from general electorates 70 to 76, and this was implemented through the 1902 electoral redistribution. In 1902, changes to the country quota affected the three-member electorates in the four main centres. The tolerance between electorates was increased to ±1,250 so that the Representation Commissions (since 1896, there had been separate commissions for the North and South Islands) could take greater account of communities of interest. These changes proved very disruptive to existing boundaries, and six electorates were established for the first time, and two electorates that previously existed were re-established, including Hutt.[1]

The main population centre in the electorate was the city of Lower Hutt in the Hutt Valley.

History

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The Hutt seat first existed from 1853 to 1870 as a two-member electorate.[2]

At the opening of the 6th session of the 2nd Parliament on 10 April 1858,[3] the speaker read out 14 resignations, including those of Dillon Bell and Samuel Revans.[4] Bell moved to Otago and continued his political career there. On 31 July 1858, a by-election was held, and Alfred Renall and William Fitzherbert were returned.[5][6]

From 1871 onwards, the electorate was a single-member constituency. Fitzherbert contested the general election on 29 December 1875 against Hutchison and obtained 178 votes, with Hutchison receiving 38.[7] He retained the Hutt electorate until his resignation in 1879, so that he could appointed to the Legislative Council. H. Jackson won the resulting by-election against T. Mason,[8] but Mason was successful against Jackson at the 1879 general election a few months later.[9]

The electorate was abolished in 1893.[2]

In 1902 the seat was recreated and was won by the Liberal leader Thomas Wilford. His party allegiance changed to the United Party, which took over from the Liberal Party by 1928. He resigned in 1929, and the ensuing by-election was won by Walter Nash. Nash became Minister of Finance and Prime Minister, who died in 1968. The seat was then held by Trevor Young, also for Labour.

When the seat was split into Eastern Hutt and Western Hutt in 1978, Young won the new Eastern Hutt seat for Labour.

Members of Parliament

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Key:

  Independent   Conservative   Liberal   United   Labour

1853 to 1870

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From 1853 to 1870, Hutt was a two-member electorate represented by six Members of Parliament:[2]

Election Winners
1853 election Edward Gibbon Wakefield Alfred Ludlam
1855 election Francis Dillon Bell
1856 by-election Samuel Revans
1858 by-election William Fitzherbert Alfred Renall
1860 election
1866 election Alfred Ludlam

1871 to 1893

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From 1871 to 1893, the electorate was represented by a further four Members of Parliament, with Fitzherbert continuing his term:

Election Winner
1871 election William Fitzherbert[6]
1875 election
1879 by-election Henry Jackson[8]
1879 election Thomas Mason[9][10]
1881 election
1884 election Henry Samuel Fitzherbert
1887 election
1890 election Alfred Newman
(Electorate abolished 1893)

1902 to 1978

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From 1902 to 1978, the electorate was represented by three Members of Parliament:[2]

Election Winner
1902 election Thomas Wilford
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1929 by-election Walter Nash
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1968 by-election Trevor Young
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
(Electorate abolished 1978; see Western Hutt and Eastern Hutt)

Election results

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1975 election

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1975 general election: Hutt[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Trevor Young 9,540 48.10 −7.20
National Brett Newell 8,521 42.96
Social Credit Noel Riches 985 4.96
Values Paul Irik 785 3.95
Majority 1,019 5.13 −12.73
Turnout 19,831 83.29 −8.53
Registered electors 23,808

1972 election

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1972 general election: Hutt[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Trevor Young 10,516 55.30 +2.39
National Michael Fowler 7,119 37.43
Social Credit Annette Harvey 719 3.78
Values Max Overton 595 3.12
New Democratic Kenneth George Hurren 67 0.35
Majority 3,397 17.86 +7.27
Turnout 19,016 91.82 +2.09
Registered electors 20,709

1969 election

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1969 general election: Hutt[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Trevor Young 8,861 52.91 +5.12
National Don Lee 7,086 42.31
Social Credit Graeme Constable 637 3.80
Independent Nick Ursin 162 0.96 −1.40
Majority 1,775 10.59 −0.56
Turnout 16,746 89.73 +21.69
Registered electors 18,661

1968 by-election

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1968 Hutt by-election[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Trevor Young 5,968 47.79
National John Kennedy-Good 4,576 36.64 −2.24
Social Credit Tom Weal 1,649 5.18
Independent Nick Ursin 295 2.36
Majority 1,392 11.15
Turnout 12,488 68.04 −18.74
Registered electors 18,354
Labour hold Swing

1966 election

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1966 general election: Hutt[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Sir Walter Nash 7,861 51.70 −6.91
National John Kennedy-Good 5,912 38.88
Social Credit Christina Dalglish 1,431 9.41
Majority 1,949 12.81 −11.30
Turnout 15,204 86.78 −2.47
Registered electors 17,520

1963 election

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1963 general election: Hutt[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,865 58.61 +4.35
National Vere Hampson-Tinadale 5,217 34.49
Social Credit Donald Milne 972 6.42 −0.68
Majority 3,648 24.11 +7.37
Turnout 15,125 89.25 −0.05
Registered electors 16,945

1960 election

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1960 general election: Hutt[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 7,614 54.26 −8.37
National George Barker 5,265 37.52
Social Credit Donald Milne 997 7.10 +1.47
Independent George Wain 115 0.81
Communist Ralph Hegman 40 0.28
Majority 2,349 16.74 −14.17
Turnout 14,031 89.30 −3.85
Registered electors 15,712

1957 election

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1957 general election: Hutt[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,975 62.63 +2.37
National Lance Adams-Schneider 4,545 31.72
Social Credit Donald Milne 808 5.63
Majority 4,430 30.91 +4.41
Turnout 14,328 93.15 +4.91
Registered electors 15,381

1954 election

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1954 general election: Hutt[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,371 60.26 +2.53
National Clevedon Costello 4,690 33.76
Social Credit Terry Maddison 829 5.96
Majority 3,681 26.50 +11.88
Turnout 13,890 88.24 −1.30
Registered electors 15,740

1951 election

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1951 general election: Hutt[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,872 57.73 +0.05
National Jack Andrews 6,424 41.80
World Socialist Thomas Simpson 71 0.46 −0.24
Majority 2,248 14.62 −1.46
Turnout 15,367 89.54 −1.75
Registered electors 17,161

1949 election

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1949 general election: Hutt[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,153 57.68 −0.99
National Horace Leonard Heatley 5,880 41.60
World Socialist Thomas Simpson 100 0.70 +0.34
Majority 2,273 16.08 −2.83
Turnout 14,133 91.29 −1.51
Registered electors 15,480

1946 election

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1946 general election: Hutt[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,025 58.67 −2.20
National Jim Vogel 5,438 39.76
Independent Labour George Laing 163 1.19
World Socialist Thomas Simpson 50 0.36
Majority 2,587 18.91 −17.38
Turnout 13,676 92.80 −1.13
Registered electors 14,737

1943 election

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1943 general election: Hutt[15][16][17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 8,823 60.87 +11.97
Real Democracy John H. Hogan[18] 3,563 24.58
National Norman Percival Croft 3,017 20.81
Democratic Labour Patrick Connors 437 3.01
Informal votes 178 1.22 +0.45
Majority 5,260 36.29 −10.15
Turnout 16,018 93.93 −2.00
Registered electors 17,052

1938 election

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1938 general election: Hutt[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 10,687 72.84 −1.41
National Jack Andrews 3,873 26.39
Majority 6,814 46.44 +2.07
Informal votes 114 0.77 −0.74
Turnout 14,671 95.93 +6.05
Registered electors 15,292

1935 election

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1935 general election: Hutt[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 11,873 74.25 +15.17
Reform Victor Jacobsen 4,116 25.74
Informal votes 243 1.51 +0.77
Majority 7,757 48.51 +30.36
Turnout 15,989 89.88 +2.90
Registered electors 17,788

1931 election

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1931 general election: Hutt[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 9,187 59.08 +18.54
United James Kerr[nb 1] 6,364 40.92 +2.09
Informal votes 116 0.74
Majority 2,823 18.15 +16.45
Turnout 15,667 86.98 +3.39
Registered electors 18,013

Table footnotes:

  1. ^ For some biographical details of James Kerr refer to his father's article.

1929 by-election

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1929 Hutt by-election[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Walter Nash 5,047 40.53 −4.55
United James Kerr[mb 1] 4,835 38.83
Reform Harold Johnston[mb 2] 2,570 20.64
Majority 212 1.70 −8.14
Informal votes 103 0.82 −1.31
Turnout 12,555 84.27 −6.67
Registered electors 14,898

Table footnotes:

  1. ^ For some biographical details of Kerr refer to his father's article.
  2. ^ For some biographical details of Johnston refer to his father's article.

1928 election

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1928 general election: Hutt[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Thomas Wilford 7,283 54.92 −3.21
Labour Walter Nash 5,978 45.08 +4.10
Informal votes 288 2.13 +1.26
Majority 1,305 9.84 −7.31
Turnout 13,549 90.95 −0.9
Registered electors 14,898

1925 election

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1925 general election: Hutt[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 6,080 58.13 +16.98
Labour Walter Nash 4,286 40.98
Informal votes 92 0.87 +0.01
Majority 1,794 17.15 +8.25
Turnout 10,458 91.04 −0.17
Registered electors 11,487

1922 election

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1922 general election: Hutt[25][26][27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 3,707 41.15 −0.44
Labour David Pritchard 2,905 32.25 +2.87
Reform Henry Bennett 2,317 25.72
Informal votes 78 0.86 +0.04
Majority 802 8.90 −3.31
Turnout 9,007 91.21 +8.77
Registered electors 9,874

1919 election

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1919 general election: Hutt[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 3,422 41.59 −15.13
Labour David Pritchard 2,417 29.38
Reform Percy Rishworth 2,319 28.19
Informal votes 68 0.82 −1.21
Majority 1,005 12.21 −1.24
Turnout 8,226 82.44 −0.59
Registered electors 9,983

1914 election

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1914 general election: Hutt[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 3,977 56.72 −6.39
United Labour Albert Samuel 3,034 43.27
Informal votes 143 2.03 +0.69
Majority 943 13.45 −14.55
Turnout 7,011 83.03 +0.57
Registered electors 8,443

1911 election

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1911 general election: Hutt, First ballot[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 3,471 50.33 −11.27
Labour Michael Reardon 1,540 22.33
Independent John McEwan 911 13.21
Reform Richard Shortt 881 12.77 −23.66
Informal votes 93 1.34 −0.52
Majority 1,931 28.00 +2.83
Turnout 6,896 83.60 +5.15
Registered electors 8,248

1908 election

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1908 general election: Hutt, First ballot[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 3,764 61.60 +7.08
Conservative Richard Shortt 2,226 36.43
Informal votes 120 1.96 +1.05
Majority 1,538 25.17 +6.67
Turnout 6,110 78.45 −3.97
Registered electors 7,788

1905 election

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1905 general election: Hutt[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 3,452 57.49 +2.97
New Liberal George Yerex[33] 1,540 25.64
Independent George London 957 15.93
Informal votes 55 0.91
Majority 1,912 31.84 +20.48
Turnout 6,004 82.42 +5.83
Registered electors 7,284

1902 election

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1902 general election: Hutt[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Wilford 2,115 54.52
Independent Liberal Frederick Pirani 1,674 43.15
Independent Joseph Collier 90 2.32
Majority 441 11.36
Turnout 3,879 76.59
Registered electors 5,064

1890 election

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1890 general election: Hutt[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alfred Newman 680 42.63
Liberal George Thomas London 502 31.47
Independent Charles Beard Izard 413 25.89
Majority 178 11.15
Turnout 1,595 66.45
Registered electors 2,400

1858 by-election

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1858 Hutt by-election[36][37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent William Fitzherbert 229 30.29 −
Independent Alfred Renall 228 30.16 −
Independent George Hart 153 20.24 −
Independent Peter Cheyne 146 19.31 −
Majority 75[a] 9.92 −
Total votes 756 - -

Table footnotes:

  1. ^ Majority is the difference between lowest winning poll (Renall: 228) and highest losing poll (Hart: 153)

1856 by-election

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1856 Hutt by-election[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Samuel Revans 96 80.0
Independent George Hart 24 20.0
Turnout 120
Majority 72

Notes

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  1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 67f.
  2. ^ a b c d Wilson 1985, p. 265.
  3. ^ "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NEW ZEALAND". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 4. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  4. ^ "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  5. ^ "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 1, no. 48. 21 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  6. ^ a b Hamer, David (22 June 2007). "Fitzherbert, William 1810 - 1891". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  7. ^ "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XII, no. 154. 30 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  8. ^ a b "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 3. 3 July 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  9. ^ a b "The new Parliament". Clutha Leader. Vol. VI, no. 310. 12 September 1879. p. 5. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  10. ^ "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 62. 10 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  11. ^ a b c Norton 1988, p. 252.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, pp. 251.
  13. ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  14. ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  15. ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Results from all Electorates". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 76. 27 September 1943. p. 6. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  17. ^ "City Nominations". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 61. 9 September 1943. p. 9. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  18. ^ Calderwood, David (2010). Not a Fair Go: A History and Analysis of Social Credit’s Struggle for Success in New Zealand’s Electoral System (PDF) (M.A. Political Science thesis). University of Waikato. p. 28. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  19. ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  20. ^ The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  21. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  22. ^ "The Hutt Seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 108. 3 November 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  23. ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  24. ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  25. ^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1924. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  26. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.
  27. ^ Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.
  28. ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  29. ^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  30. ^ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  31. ^ "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. pp. 1–34. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  32. ^ The General Election, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  33. ^ "The New Liberal Party in Wellington". Otago Daily Times. 17 October 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  34. ^ The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  35. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  36. ^ "Country Districts Election". The Wellington Independent. Vol. X, no. 1310. 4 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  37. ^ "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  38. ^ "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

References

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  • Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
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