User:Electionworld/sandbox/Latvia

Multiple timeline of Latvia

This scheme is a timelime of the history of Latvia, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines

The Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika) is a republic with a parliament, the Council, elected in free multi-party elections, a president elected by the parliament and a government responsible to the parliament. Latvia is member of the European Union.

2.000 BC: The Balts arrive in present-day Latvia. 400s/800s: Local inhabitants begin to form distinct ethnic and regional identities.Baltictribesmen eventually became Curonians, Semigallians, Latgalians and Selonians, while Finno-Ugric people became Livonians, Estonians and Vends. 900s: In the era before the Livonian Crusade local chiefdoms emerge, like Jersika, Bandava, Tālava, Metsepole, Piemare and the Principality of Koknese. Principality of Jersika 900s: Jersika is established as an Latgalian outpost of the principality of Polotsk. Bandava 900s: Only little is known about Curonian land of Bandava. Tālava 900s: Only little is known about the Latgalian land of Tālava. Bishopric of Livonia 1186: Meinhard von Segeberg becomes in the context of the Livonian Crusade the first bishop of Livonia, a state subject to the Holy See. 1198: Denmark and Sweden start a crusade to defeat the pagans in present-day Estonia and Latvia. 1198: Denmark and Sweden start a crusade to defeat the pagans in present-day Estonia and Latvia. 1198: Denmark and Sweden start a crusade to defeat the pagans in present-day Estonia and Latvia. 1200s: Lamekins is ruler of the Curonians. Bishopric of Riga 1202: The bishopric is moved by Albert von Buxthoeven to Riga, the city he founded. 1200s: Tālivaldis is ruler of Tālava and allies himself with bishop Albert of Riga. 1224: The bishopric annexes most of Tālava. State of the Teutonic Order 1237: The Livonian Order is part of the Teutonic Order. 1238: The Teutonic Order and the Livonian Order start a crusade against the paganic Lithuanians. Bishopric of Courland 1234: Engelbert becomes the first bishop of Courland. 1239: After the death of prince Visvaldis, Jersika is annexed to the Livonian Order. 1253: Courland, including Bandava, is divided between the Bishopric of Courland and the Livonian Order. 1290: Courland becomes subject to the Teutonic Order. Archbishopric of Riga 1255: Bishop Albert Suerbeer is raised in rank to archbishop of Riga. 1282: The city of Riga becomes member of the Hanseatic League. 1346: King Valdemar IV of Denmark sells Estonia to the Teutonic Order. Livonian Order 1410: The Teutonic and Livonian orders are defeated at Grunwald by Lithuania and allies. The Livonian Order is separated from the Teutonic Order. 1542: Bishop Johann IV of Münchhausen becomes also prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek. 1558: Russia commences the Livonian War to conquer present-day Estonia and Latvia. 1558: Russia commences the Livonian War to conquer present-day Estonia and Latvia. 1558: Russia commences the Livonian War to conquer present-day Estonia and Latvia. Duchy of Courland and Semigallia 1561: The Livonian Order is continued by the Courland and Semigallia as a vassal state of Poland. With the Treaty of Vilna the Livonian Order loses parts to Poland-Lithuania, Livonia, Sweden and Denmark. The Estonian part falls to Sweden. 1570-1578: Courland is claimed by Livonia. 1559: Johann IV sells his lands to king Frederik II of Denmark. He gives Courland and Ösel-Wiek to his brother Magnus, who becomes bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek. Courland becomes a vassal state of Denmark. 1570-1578: Courland is claimed by the Kingdom of Livonia, a proposed Russian client state, led by Magnus, who remains bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek. 1572: Magnus loses Ösel-Wiek. 1578: The Kingdom of Livonia is defeated by Poland-Lithuania. Free and Imperial City of Riga 1561: The last archbishop is Wilhelm von Brandenburg. Riga, with the exception of the city of Riga, is conquered by Poland-Lithuania and annexed to Livonia, whereby the capital continues as free city. Duchy of Livonia 1561: Riga, with the exception of the city of Riga, is conquered by Poland-Lithuania. It merges with the Livonian Order into the duchy of Livonia which created as a vassal state of Poland. 1570-1578: The Duchy of Livonia is claimed by the Kingdom of Livonia, a proposed Russian client state, led by Magnus. Magnus is also bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek. 1577: Russia ends its relation with the Kingdom of Livonia. 1578: The Kingdom of Livonia is defeated by Poland-Lithuania. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1581: Riga is annexed to Poland-Lithuania. Kingdom of Denmark 1583: Magnus dies and king Frederik II of Denmark inherits Courland. 1585: Courland is sold by Denmark to Poland-Lithuania. 1600: King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland claims the Swedish throne and commences war over control of Livonia and Estonia. 1610: After the victory of Poland-Lithuania over Russia and Sweden, Sweden declares war against the new rulers in Russia. 1617: The war between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden recommences, but ends in 1618 with another truce. 1621: After a Swedish attack on Livonia and Riga the war recommences. Kingdom of Sweden 1621: Riga and part of Livonia are conquered by Sweden. 1629: After Poland defeated at Trzciana the Swedes, the Truce of Altmark ends the hostilities between Sweden and Poland-Lithuania. Most of Livonia goes to Sweden. 1629: After Poland defeated at Trzciana the Swedes, the Truce of Altmark ends the hostilities between Sweden and Poland-Lithuania. Most of Livonia goes to Sweden. 1629: Part of Livonia is annexed to Poland-Lithuania. 1651: Courland and Semigallia establish the colony of Jacob Fort. 1654: Courland and Semigallia establish a colony at Tobago as New Courland. 1659: Courland and Semigallia abandon Jacob Fort. 1689: Courland and Semigallia abandon New Courland. 1656: Russia starts a war with Sweden, allied with Brandenburg-Prussia and invades Livonia. 1658: With the Treaty of Valiesar Sweden allows Russia to keep conquered Livonian territories. 1660: The Treaty of Oliva confirms the Swedish victory in the Second Northern War between Sweden, Brandenburg-Prussia and Poland-Lithuania. 1661: In the Treaty of Cardis the Second Northern War between Russia and Sweden ends and Russia returns the conquered territories. 1700: Tsar Pyotr of Russia leads a coalition with Denmark, Saxony and Poland-Lithuania to contest in the Great Northern War the supremacy of Sweden in Northern Europe. During the war Great Britain, Brunswick-Lüneburg (1715) and Prussia join the coalition. Tsardom of Russia 1710: The Swedes in Livonia surrender in the Swedish-Russian Great Northern War and Livonia is conquered by Russia. Russian Empire 1721: Pyotr proclaims himself emperor of All Russia. With the Treaty of Nystad the annexation of Livonia is confirmed. Livonia becomes with South Estonia is part of the Governorate of Livonia. 1726: Courland and Semigallia are annexed to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1772: A part of Poland-Lithuania is annexed to Russia. 1792: With the second partition of Poland-Lithuania, present-day Latvia is part of Russia. 1914: After Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. World War I is a fact. Russian Republic 1917: After the revolutions commence in Russia, several entities are established on the territory of Russia. Republic of Latvia 1918: Latvia secedes from Russia. Germany creates in the same region the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia as a German client state. It merges the same year with a attempted Baltic State into the United Baltic Duchy. A war between the Latvian government, Russia and German-Balts takes places. 1920: The Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty after the Russian defeat brings peace between Latvia and Soviet-Russia. Also the German-Balts are defeated and the independence of Latvia is recognized. A constituent assembly is elected a an universal suffrage. 1921: Latvia joins the League of Nations. 1922: Latvia gets a parliament elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The parliament elects the president and the government is responsible to the parliament. 1934: Prime minister Kārlis Ulmanis dissolved the parliament and established an authoritarian rule. The parliament is disbanded and all parties are prohibited. 1939: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Latvia is forced to accept Soviet bases in their countries. Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1940: The Soviet Union invades Latvia. The Soviet Union creates a soviet republic as a Soviet puppet state. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1940: The Latvian SSR becomes a constituent state of the Soviet Union. German Empire 1941: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union and conquer part of the union, including Latvia. It creates the Reich Commissariat of Eastland. 1943: German forces are defeated at Stalingrad, marking the beginning of the Nazi-German collapse in the Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1944: The Soviet Union conquers Latvia. A rebellion starts, which lasts until the 1950s. 1991: An attempt to overthrow Mikhael Gorbachev by a communist group is defeated. It marks the beginning of the end of the Soviet Union. The Warsaw Pact and the Comecon are disbanded. Latvia secedes from the Soviet Union and joins the United Nations. Republic of Latvia 2004: Latvia joins the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.