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Haitian immigration crisis of 2021

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Similar to the migrants attempting to enter the European Union, crossing Turkey or the Mediterranean, a caravan of migrants heading for the United States' southern border, has existed since at least 2010. A river of migrants, primarily Haitians, came up through Central America, across Mexico, and finally attempted to enter the United States at Del Rio, Texas; according to the migrant lore, crossing is easier there. They believed that U.S. entry for refugees would be easier under President Biden than it had been under President Trump The State Department began repatriation flights to Haiti, which many of the migrants had not seen in years and which had no attraction for them. Others were bused

{~{Immigration to the United States~

Background

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Biden's position on migrants

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Opposition to immigration had been a key principle of former president Donald Trump.[1] Trump repeatedly said that illegal immigrants were criminals.[2][3]

President Joe Biden announced, even before taking office on January 20, 2021, that he would be undoing thsi policy of his predecessor,

Panama

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"In 2019, Panamanian authorities counted almost 24,000 migrants, more than three times as many who had crossed in 2017."[4]

Biden

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Among the issues on which Joe Biden campaigned for president was immigration reform. He said that he would introduce immigration reform legislation on his first day as president, to give undocumented immigrants the chance to become citizens and restore and expand programs for refugees and asylum seekers.[5]

The U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021, introduced in February 2021, would allow virtually all undocumented immigrants to eventually apply for citizenship; increase legal immigration; add measures to secure ports of entry and speed processing of asylum seekers; and invest $4 billion in the economies of Central American countries to reduce migration. Unlike previous efforts to overhaul immigration, the legislation does not include a large focus on increased border enforcement. Instead, the bill would add resources to process migrants legally at ports of entry and would invest $4 billion over four years in distressed economies in the hopes of preventing people from fleeing to the United States because of security and economic crises. Ms. Sánchez said the previous administration had been “fixated on vanity projects like the wall,” which did not address the root causes of illegal immigration [6]

The sheer volume of migrants quickly eroded support for this bill. The number of unaccompanied minor children detained tripled in February. 78,000 migrants were apprehended in January—double the number in January 2020. In February it was expected to be 100,000. Republicans signaled that they intended to use immigration policy as an issue in 2022.[7]

References

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  1. ^ "Campaign 2015: The Candidates & the World: Donald Trump on Immigration". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  2. ^ Rogers, Katie (2018-06-22). "Trump Highlights Immigrant Crime to Defend His Border Policy. Statistics Don't Back Him Up". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  3. ^ Maciag, Mike (2017-03-02). "The Mythical Link Between Immigrants and High Crime Rates". www.governing.com. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
  4. ^ Drost, Nadja (Apr 2, 2020). "'When can we really rest?' More migrants than ever are crossing the Colombia-Panama border to reach the U.S. Five days inside the Darién Gap, one of the most dangerous journeys in the world". California Sunday Magazine. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  5. ^ Shear, Michael D. (Jan 19, 2021). "Biden to Announce Broad Plan to Reverse Trump Immigration Policies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  6. ^ Shear, Michael D. (February 18, 2021). "Democratic Lawmakers Introduce Biden's Immigration Overhaul in House. Senator Bob Menendez of New Jersey and Representative Linda Sánchez of California disclosed details of the proposal on Thursday in a news conference". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
  7. ^ Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Shear, Michael D. (March 8, 2021). "Biden Faces Challenge From Surge of Migrants at the Border. The president's promise of a more humane policy is being tested as more unaccompanied children seek to enter the United States from Mexico". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.

pre 2010

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  • The Trailblazers

Inter-American Highway Background https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/blazer009.cfm By Norman Wood

  • The Trailblazers

Inter-American Highway 1940 - 1957 https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/blazer009a.cfm By Norman Wood

2010-2011

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  • pa.di (October 28, 2011). "At the End of the Road in Darien". The Panama Digest. Archived from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  • Migra!: A History of the U.S. Border Patrol Kelly Lytle Hernández Series: American Crossroads 2010

Published by: University of California Presssummary= https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnfhs

2012

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2013

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  • 4/22 Smith, Jennie Erin (April 22, 2013). "A state of Nature". The New Yorker: 68–73. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021 – via Ebsco Academic Search Complete.About trip through Darien. Starts in Panama Round trip?
  • Deportee Purgatory. About 40 percent of Mexican immigrants deported from the US are sent back through Tijuana. Many of the deported border crossers have established a makeshift shantytown inside a dry, concrete riverbed where the Tijuana River once flowed—called 'El Bordo.' By Laura Woldenberg May 23, 2013, 6:00am https://www.vice.com/en/article/znqpxw/deportee-purgatory-000540-v20n5
  • The Crossing Experience: Unauthorized Migration along the Arizona-Sonora Border. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/293415 First, what factors explicate migrants' modes of crossing? Second, do coyote fees vary among people who rely on smuggling services to cross the border? If so, what accounts for this variation? Third, what factors shape encounters with bajadores while traversing the desert? The present analyses expand on previous studies examining the unauthorized crossing in multiple ways. For instance, I empirically test the role of a "culture of migration" in explaining modes of crossing, coyote fees, and bajador encounters. I also differentiate between two main types of coyotes: "border business" and "interior." I then examine whether crossing with a coyote mediates the risk of encountering bajadores during the journey. Overall, there are important differences in crossing modes and coyote fees. Women are more likely to travel with both coyote types, while the opposite is true for more experienced migrants. Older migrants and people who cross during summer months are less likely to travel with an "interior" coyote. The strongest predictor of higher smuggling fees is the region of a person's U.S. destination. Higher coyote fees are also associated with immigrants' higher educational attainment, being married, being the sole economic provider for one's household, and higher household income. More experienced migrants, and those crossing in larger groups or during the summer also pay higher fees, however fees do not vary by gender, age, or social capital. These findings are somewhat consistent with the extant literature on human capital and risk tolerance/aversion, but run counter to the vast migration literature emphasizing the importance of social capital in the migration process. Finally, the risk of encountering bajadores is not higher for males, young adults, the less educated, and the more impoverished, which contradicts extant findings in the victimology literature. With the exception of crossing corridor and time spent in the desert, no other factors increase the risk of encountering bandits more than traveling with a coyote. Implications and possible future research are discussed.

2014

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  • Related Coverage
  • Faces of an Immigration System Overwhelmed by Women and Children June 5, 2014
  • Wave of Minors on Their Own Rush to Cross Southwest Border June 4, 2014
  • U.S. Setting Up Emergency Shelter in Texas as Youths Cross Border Alone May 16, 2014

2015

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  • (United Nations)[1] refs to other articles on Europe
  • (Mexico City) [2]
  • [3]
  • [4] VIDEO
  • [5]

2016

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2017

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2018

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For other stories on ice facilities, children, turning away asylum seekers, see https://www.pogo.org/series-collections/immigration/p2/

2019

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  • El Salvador takes blame for Rio Grande drowning

Published 1 July 2019 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48834824

  • Are US child migrant detainees entitled to soap?

Published 20 June 2019 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48834824

  • Drowning photo exposes US border risk for migrants

Published 26 June 2019 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48834824

  • Photos show overcrowding at US migrant centres

Published 2 July 2019 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48834824

  • Toothbrush and soap 'not required' for migrants

Published 25 June 2019 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48834824

  • Six surprising statistics about immigrants in the US

Published 29 November 2018

2020

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2021

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January
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February

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March

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April

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May

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June

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July

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August

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September 2021

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Rest of 2021

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September 2021

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through9/20

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9/18

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9/19

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9/20

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9/21

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9/22

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9/23-9/24

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9/25

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October 2021

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November 2021

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Look at https://elpais.com/noticias/caravana-migrantes-centroamericanos/?rel=buscador_temas

December 2021

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2022

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January

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February

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  • Smugglers Have Sawed Through Trump’s Border Wall Using Cheap Power Tools Thousands of Times: Report

EASY BREACHZoe Richards Breaking News Reporter Updated Mar. 02, 2022 https://elink.thedailybeast.com/click/26895763.53719/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZGFpbHliZWFzdC5jb20vbWV4aWNhbi1zbXVnZ2xlcnMtaGF2ZS1zYXdlZC10aHJvdWdoLXRydW1wcy1ib3JkZXItd2FsbC13aXRoLWNoZWFwLXBvd2VyLXRvb2xzLXRob3VzYW5kcy1vZi10aW1lcy1yZXBvcnQ_dmlhPW5ld3NsZXR0ZXImc291cmNlPUNTQU1lZGl0aW9u/58969e9cfc238301648b50f6Bf4e70c3e


See also

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England: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/12/about-1000-people-reach-uk-in-single-day-across-channel-in-small-boats https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/nov/12/brexit-easier-small-boat-crossings-to-reach-uk-refugees-say Belarus/poland On Venezuelan border with Colombia https://elpais.com/noticias/venezolanos-en-el-exterior/

https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/09/11/colombia/1568212954_656592.html

These Photos Show the Massive Scale of Europe's Migrant Crisis. https://time.com/4023781/migrant-crisis-scale-photos/

  1. ^ LaFranchi, Howard (June 10, 2015). "Europe's migrant crisis: Is the answer for UN to authorize use of force? Under such an authorization, EU countries could destroy the boats that smugglers are using to ferry thousands of migrants to southern Europe. EU officials have said only vessels with no passengers would be targeted". Christian Science Monitor. United Nations. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  2. ^ Arce, Alberto (June 11, 2015). "Mexico's deportations of Central Americans rise sharply. More than 46,000 unaccompanied minors from Central America crossed into the US in 2014, leading Washington to turn to Mexico City to try to stanch the flow". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  3. ^ Eulich, Whitney; Ayuso, Tomas (July 16, 2015). "As Mexico tightens southern border, migrants confront new threats. Deportations and detentions of migrants have risen sharply since Plan Frontera Sur was launched a year ago. Many say the effort is working, but rights groups worry that migrants are taking greater risks". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  4. ^ Shear, Michael D. (Nov 5, 2015). "Red Tape Slows U.S. Help for Children Fleeing Central America". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  5. ^ Preston, Julia (Nov 26, 2015). "Number of Migrants Illegally Crossing Rio Grande Rises Sharply". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  6. ^ YAMAGUChi, ADAM (October 9, 2017). "The Darien Gap — A Desperate Journey". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  7. ^ "Detentions at southwestern border rose in April to highest level in at least 20 years". May 11, 2021. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  8. ^ Doctors Without Borders (Jun 17, 2021). "Panama: Surviving the dangers of the Darién Gap". Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021. Patients have told MSF staff about seeing people with broken ankles and foot injuries, and people who simply did not have the strength to continue, who were left behind in the jungle with no one to help them. They've seen dead bodies of people, including children, who fell down ravines or drowned.
  9. ^ "María" (not her true name) (July 15, 2021). "The Darién Gap: "A dangerous, inhumane route"". Doctors Without Borders. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021. I'm also doing it to discourage people from taking this route. The Darién Gap is a dangerous, inhumane route.