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"Fourth of July" and "4th of July" redirect here. For the date, see July 4. For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation). For other related material, see Fourth of July (disambiguation).

Independence Day
Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Washington Monument in 1986, take place across the United States on Independence Day.
Also calledThe Fourth of July
The Fourth
Observed byUnited States
TypeNational
SignificanceThe day in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress
CelebrationsFireworks, family reunions, concerts, barbecues, picnics, parades, baseball games
DateJuly 4
Next timeJuly 4, 2025 (2025-07-04)
Frequencyannual

Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from Great Britain. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States.[1][2][3]

Background

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Durante la revolución americana , la separación jurídica de las Trece Colonias de Gran Bretaña ocurrió el 2 de julio de 1776, cuando el Segundo Congreso Continental votó para aprobar una resolución de independencia que había sido propuesta en junio por Richard Henry Lee de Virginia declarando los Estados Unidos independizados de Gran Bretaña . Después de votar a favor de la independencia , el Congreso centró su atención en la Declaración de Independencia , una declaración explicando esta decisión , que había sido preparado por un comité de cinco , con Thomas Jefferson como su autor principal . El Congreso debatió y revisó el texto de la Declaración , finalmente aprobándola el 4 de Julio. Un día antes, John Adams había escrito a su esposa Abigail :

El segundo día de julio de 1776, será la época más memorable en la historia de América. Me inclino a creer que será celebrada por las generaciones descendientes. Debe ser conmemorado como el día de la liberación , por los actos solemnes de devoción a Dios Todopoderoso . Debe ser solemnizado con pompa y desfiles, con espectáculos , juegos, deportes , armas, campañas , fogatas e iluminaciones , desde un extremo de este continente a otro , de ahora en adelante para siempre.

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La predicción de Adams falló por dos días. Desde el principio , los estadounidenses celebraron la independencia el 4 de julio, la fecha que aparece en la Declaración de Independencia. Más que el 2 de Julio, se festeja en la fecha de la resolución de la independencia cuando fue aprobado en una sesión cerrada del Congreso

Los historiadores han discutido mucho si el Congreso realmente firmó la Declaración de Independencia el 4 de julio , a pesar de que Thomas Jefferson , John Adams y Benjamin Franklin más tarde confirmaron por escrito que habían firmado ese día. La mayoría de los historiadores han concluido que la Declaración fue firmada casi un mes después de su adopción, el 2 de agosto de 1776, y no el 4 de julio, como se cree comúnmente

Casualmente, tanto John Adams y Thomas Jefferson, los únicos firmantes de la Declaración de Independencia que luego serían Presidentes de los Estados Unidos, murieron el mismo día : 04 de julio 1826 , que fue el 50 aniversario de la Declaración. Aunque no es uno de los firmantes de la Declaración de Independencia , pero otro Padre de la Patria que se convirtió en presidente , James Monroe , murió el 4 de julio de 1831, convirtiéndose así en el tercer presidente consecutivo que murió en la fiesta . Calvin Coolidge, el 30mo Presidente, nació el 4 de julio de 1872, y , hasta el momento, es el único presidente de Estados Unidos de haber nacido en el Día de la Independencia



Observance

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  • In 1777, thirteen gunshots were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island. Philadelphia celebrated the first anniversary in a manner a modern American would find quite familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop reviews, and fireworks. Ships were decked with red, white, and blue bunting.[12]
  • In 1778, from his headquarters at Ross Hall, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, General George Washington marked July 4 with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an artillery salute (feu de joie). Across the Atlantic Ocean, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France.[13]
  • In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.[13]
  • In 1781 the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.[13]
  • In 1783, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, held a celebration of July 4 with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter. This work was titled "The Psalm of Joy." This is recognized as the first recorded celebration and is still celebrated there today.[14]
  • In 1791 the first recorded use of the name "Independence Day" occurred.[citation needed]
  • In 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.[15]
  • In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.[16]

Customs

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An 1825 invitation to an Independence Day celebration

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Independence Day Parade in Washington, D.C.

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Día de la Independencia es una festividad nacional marcada por las exhibiciones patrióticas. Similar a otros festejos veraniegos, celebraciones del día de la Independencia a menudo tienen lugar al aire libre. Día de la Independencia es un día de fiesta federal , así que todas las instituciones federales no esenciales (como el servicio postal y las United cortes federales) son cerradas en ese día. Muchos políticos aprovechan este día para aparecer en un acontecimiento público y elogiar la herencia , las leyes, la historia , la sociedad y la gente de la nación.

Las familias celebran el Día de la Independencia recibiendo o asistiendo a un picnic y se aprovechan del día libre, en algunos años cae como fin de semana largo y se aprovecha el tiempo para recolectar con los parientes. Las decoraciones ( por ejemplo globos, banderas y ropa) generalmente se colorean rojas, blancas y azules, los colores de la bandera americana. Los desfiles normalmente ocurren por la mañana, mientras los fuegos artificiales ocurren por la tarde o en la noche en lugares como parques, parques de atracciones, playas o las plazas

Antes, las noches antes de el 4 de Julio tomaban el punto focal de las celebraciones , a menudo comenzando los festejos con una fogata nocturna. En Nueva Inglaterra, las ciudades compitieron para construir pirámides elevadas , ensambladas a partir de toneles y barricas y toneles . Estas se encendían al caer la noche , para dar paso a la celebración. La más alta se encontraban en Salem , Massachusetts ( en Gallows Hill , el famoso sitio de la ejecución de 13 mujeres y 6 hombres por brujería en 1692 durante los juicios de Salem, donde la tradición de las fogatas en la celebración había persistido ) , integrada por cuarenta niveles de barriles ; éstas son las hogueras más altas jamás registradas . La costumbre floreció en los siglos 19 y 20 , y todavía se practica en algunas ciudades de Nueva Inglaterra.

Fuegos artificiales del Día de la Independencia son acompañados por canciones patrióticas tales como el himno nacional "Star-Spangled Banner" , "God Bless America " , "America the Beautiful" , "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" , "Stars and Stripes Forever" , y , a nivel regional , "Yankee Doodle" ,en estados del noreste, y "Dixie" ,en los estados del sur. Algunas de las letras recuerdan imágenes de la guerra revolucionaria o de la guerra de 1812.

Espectáculos de fuegos artificiales se llevan a cabo en muchos estados, y muchos fuegos artificiales se venden para uso personal o como una alternativa a un espectáculo público. Las preocupaciones de seguridad han llevado a algunos estados para prohibir los fuegos artificiales o limitar los tamaños y tipos permitidos . Tráfico ilícito transfiere muchos fuegos artificiales desde estados menos restrictivas .

Un saludo de arnas para cada estado de los Estados Unidos, llamado un "saludo a la unión", es despedido en el Día de la Independencia al mediodía por cualquier base militar capaz.

En 2009 , la ciudad de Nueva York tenía los fuegos artificiales más espectaculares en el país, con más de 22 toneladas de pirotecnia. Otras pantallas principales están en Chicago en el Lago Michigan; en San Diego sobre Mission Bay ; en Boston el río Charles ; en St. Louis en el río Mississippi ; en San Francisco sobre la Bahía de San Francisco ; y en el National Mall en Washington, D.C.

Mientras que la observancia oficial siempre cae el 4 de julio , los niveles de participación pueden variar según el día de la semana el cuarto cae en . Si el día festivo cae en el medio de la semana, algunos espectáculos de fuegos artificiales y celebraciones pueden tener lugar durante el fin de semana por conveniencia , de nuevo , que varían según la región. La primera semana de julio es típicamente uno de los períodos de viaje estadounidenses más intensos del año , ya que muchas personas utilizan las vacaciones para viajes de vacaciones extendidas.


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  • In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day
    In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day
  • New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[19] in the country
    New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[19] in the country
  • Patriotic trailer shown in theaters celebrating July 4, 1940
  • A festively decorated Fourth of July cake.
    A festively decorated Fourth of July cake.

Unique or historical celebrations

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Originally entitled Yankee Doodle, this is one of several versions of a scene painted by A. M. Willard that came to be known as The Spirit of '76. Often imitated or parodied, it is a familiar symbol of American patriotism
  • Held since 1785, the Bristol Fourth of July Parade in Bristol, Rhode Island is the oldest continuous Independence Day celebration in the United States.
  • Since 1868, Seward, Nebraska has held a celebration on the same town square. In 1979 Seward was designated “America's Official Fourth of July City-Small Town USA” by resolution of Congress. Seward has also been proclaimed Nebraska's Official Fourth of July City” by Governor James Exon in proclamation. Seward is a town of 6,000 but swells to 40,000+ during the July 4 celebrations.[21]
  • Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the Rebild municipality of Denmark.[22]
  • Since 1972, Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has been held in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City.
  • Since 1959, the International Freedom Festival is jointly held in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario during the last week of June each year as a mutual celebration of Independence Day and Canada Day (July 1). It culminates in a large fireworks display over the Detroit River.
  • Numerous major and minor league baseball games are played on Independence Day.
  • The famous Macy's fireworks display usually held over the East River in New York City has been televised nationwide on NBC since 1976. In 2009, the fireworks display was returned to the Hudson River for the first time since 2000 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's exploration of that river.[23]
  • Since 1970, the annual 10-kilometer Peachtree Road Race is held in Atlanta, Georgia.
  • The Boston Pops Orchestra has hosted a music and fireworks show over the Charles River Esplanade called the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" annually since 1973.[24] The event was broadcast nationally from 1987 until 2002 on A&E, and from 2003 until 2012 on CBS (who aired the final hour of the event in primetime). In 2013, CBS dropped the Pops broadcast, with no reason given; however, executive producer David G. Mugar believed that an encore presentation of the Macy's fireworks on NBC aired at 10:00 PM ET/PT was successfully counterprogramming the Boston Pops, since the broadcast lost as much as 20% of its audience in 2012 in comparison to 2011. As it did prior to the cancellation, the full concert continues to air locally by Boston's CBS affiliate WBZ-TV.[25][26]
  • On the Capitol lawn in Washington, D.C., A Capitol Fourth, a free concert broadcast live by PBS, NPR and the American Forces Network, precedes the fireworks and attracts over half a million people annually.

Other countries

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The Philippines celebrates July 4 as its Republic Day to commemorate that day in 1946 when it ceased to be a U.S. territory and the United States officially recognized Philippine Independence.[27] July 4 was intentionally chosen by the United States because it corresponds to its Independence Day, and this day was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. In Rwanda, July 4 is an official holiday known as Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which the U.S. government also played a role. Denmark also celebrates American Independence on the 4th of July. National parks in Denmark are said to hold the largest 4 July celebrations outside of the United States.[28]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Days of Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New Zealand. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  2. ^ Central Intelligence Agency. "National Holiday". The World Factbook. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  3. ^ "National Holiday of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  4. ^ Becker, p. 3.
  5. ^ Staff writer (July 1, 1917). "How Declaration of Independence was Drafted" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2009. On the following day, when the formal vote of Congress was taken, the resolutions were approved by twelve Colonies–all except New York. The original Colonies, therefore, became the United States of America on July 2, 1776.
  6. ^ Maier, Pauline (August 7, 1997). "Making Sense of the Fourth of July". American Heritage. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  7. ^ Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 191–96. ISBN 1104991853.
  8. ^ Warren, Charles (July 1945). "Fourth of July Myths". William and Mary Quarterly. 3d. 2 (3): 238–272.
  9. ^ "Top 5 Myths About the Fourth of July!". History News Network. George Mason University. June 30, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  10. ^ Becker, pp. 184–85.
  11. ^ For the minority scholarly argument that the Declaration was indeed signed on July 4, see Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776". Law and History Review 4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204.
  12. ^ Heintze, "The First Celebrations".
  13. ^ a b c Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences".
  14. ^ [1][dead link]
  15. ^ Heintze, “How the Fourth of July was Designated as an 'Official' Holiday”.
  16. ^ Heintze, "Federal Legislation Establishing the Fourth of July Holiday".
  17. ^ "The Night Before the Fourth". The Atlantic. July 1, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
  18. ^ "Origin of the 21-Gun Salute". U.S. Army Center of Military History. October 3, 2003. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
  19. ^ a b Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky, USA Today, July 2009.
  20. ^ AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers PR Newswire, June 23, 2010
  21. ^ "History of Seward Nebraska 4th of July".
  22. ^ "History". Rebild Society. Rebild National Park Society. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
  23. ^ "2009 Macy's 4th of July Fireworks". Federated Department Stores. April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  24. ^ "Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration". Boston 4 Celebrations Foundation. 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  25. ^ James H. Burnett III. Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks. Boston Globe, July 8, 2011
  26. ^ Powers, Martine; Moskowitz, Eric (June 15, 2013). "July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  27. ^ Philippine Republic Day, Official Gazette (Philippines), retrieved July 5, 2012
  28. ^ Lindsey Galloway (July 3, 2012). "Celebrate American independence in Denmark".

Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fourth of July.

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