User:Brooke.hubert/sandbox

Assignment 4

• Put all contributions to Assignment 4 under one section heading. J.R. Council (talk) 03:27, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

One potential problem with William Stern's page is that it is lacking a lot of descriptive information.

2 new sources we could utilize to improve this article and add more information would be:

Lamiell, J. T. (2012). Introducing William Stern (1871–1938). History of Psychology, 15(4), 379-384.

and,

Kreppner, K. (1992). William L. Stern, 1871-1938: A neglected founder of developmental psychology. Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 539-547.

Comments for Dr. Council: What are the most common mistakes students usually make that cause a warning banner on the article they are working on?

• Good question. I'd say people most often get called on insufficient/un-credible sources, biased point of view, improper formatting,

unbalanced presentation, and poor writing/organization.

Is it ok to go in depth on what William Stern developed even though those things may also have their own wikipedia pages?

• If there is an existing Wikipedia article, you can summarize the information in the article you're working on, and link to the main article. J.R. Council (talk) 03:27, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Brooke.hubert (talk) 00:00, 2 October 2018 (UTC) Brooke.hubert (talk) 23:56, 1 October 2018 (UTC)

One potential problem is that there is no separation between Stern's personal life and his professional work

• You can certainly start separate sections on these topics when you revise the article. J.R. Council (talk) 03:27, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

• The second article looks like an obituary. These are always good for background you won't fine elsewhere. J.R. Council (talk) 03:27, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Some questions/comments:

What would be a good number of references to use in order to get a full description of William Stern's life?

• I don't have an criteria that need to be matched. Use as many good sources as you can find.

Many of the publications I found about William Stern come from the same author, James Lamiell. Is there any problem with using a lot of works from the same author?

• No. Lamiell is a historian of psychology and Stern must be an area of special interest for him. J.R. Council (talk) 03:27, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Sammatzke (talk) 06:50, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

Assginment 5 - Dr. Council's Comments

1. Remember to set sections off with subheads.
2. Good job on to-do list!
3. Your outline is more of a bullet-list, but it does the job. Seems quite complete.

J.R. Council (talk) 03:12, 26 October 2018 (UTC)

To-Do List

Finish outline

Complete list of references

Divide work

Determine a meeting time and place outside of class

Proof read existing article, and everything added by us

Reorganize existing article, as some sections blur together, differentiate them if we can

Compile lists of what information we want to use out of each new reference to use as information in the wiki article

Differentiate what information in the outline is old and what is new or added by us. Is the info in the outline currently all old? If so we should label it somehow? Ideas? Any old information is italicized.

Brooke.hubert (talk) 20:42, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

Write each new section, incorporating old and new information

Proofread finished article

Submit for publishing

Sammatzke (talk) 23:50, 9 October 2018 (UTC)

Work Divided out:

Brooke: Professional career

work in child development

major publications

Brooke.hubert (talk) 03:29, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

Sam:

Stern's personal life

Intelligence quotient

Tone variator

Both:

Lead Section

References

Stern's various research

Publications

Outline

Lead Section

William Stern (German: [ʃtɛɐ̯n]; 29 April 1871 – 27 March 1938), born Ludwig Wilhelm Stern, was a German psychologist and philosopher noted as a pioneer in the field of the psychology of personality and intelligence. He coined the term intelligence quotient, or IQ, later used by Lewis Terman and other researchers in the development of the first IQ tests, based on the work of Alfred Binet. He was the father of the German writer and philosopher Günther Anders. In 1897, Stern invented the tone variator, allowing him to research human perception of sound in an unprecedented way.

Personal Life

Early Life

Stern was born in Berlin, the grandson of the German-Jewish reform philosopher Sigismund Stern (1812-1867). His nephew was the philosopher Walter Benjamin.

Education

He received his PhD in psychology from the University of Berlin, where he studied under Hermann Ebbinghaus in 1893.

Marriage to Clara Joseephy

He was married to Clara Joseephy, a psychologist. They had three children: Hilde, Eva and Günther, who became an essayist and thinker as well.

Professional Career

Employment

He taught at the University of Breslau from 1897 to 1916. In 1916, he was appointed Professor of Psychology at University of Hamburg, where he remained until 1933 as Director of the Psychologic Institute. Stern, a Jew, was ousted by Hitler's regime after the rise of Nazi power. He emigrated first to the Netherlands in 1933, before fleeing to the United States, where he was appointed Lecturer and Professor at Duke University. He taught at Duke until his death from a heart attack in 1938.

Research

Stern was considered in his time as a leading youth psychologist and one of the foremost authorities in differential psychology. He introduced to intelligence testing the concept of the intelligence quotient or IQ, the practice of dividing the developmental age by the chronological age. Stern's philosophy, which is laid down in several voluminous books, was expressed as a form of personalism.

Stern also wrote about the persona of groups of people. He viewed large institutions like the church as living entities with personalities. He is quoted in the Dutch book De levende Onderneming ("The Living Company") by Arie de Geus who uses Stern's philosophy to explain the longevity of certain companies like Shell Oil and Mitsubishi.

Work in Child Development

Journals of daughters

what they learned

how they kept up the journals and how long

what impact this had in developmental psychology

Brooke.hubert (talk) 03:36, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

Tone variator

description

development

uses

Brooke.hubert (talk) 03:33, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

Intelligence Quotient

Definition

Development

Applications

Examples of use

graphs of examples

Brooke.hubert (talk) 20:45, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

Publications

* Stern, William (1914) [1912 (Leipzig: J. A. Barth, original German edition)]. Die psychologischen Methoden der Intelligenzprüfung: und deren Anwendung an Schulkindern [The Psychological Methods of Testing Intelligence]. Educational psychology monographs, no. 13. Guy Montrose Whipple (English translation). Baltimore: Warwick & York. ISBN 9781981604999. LCCN 14010447. OCLC 4521857. Retrieved 15 June 2010.

• General Psychology from the Personalistic Standpoint (1938)

References

* Werner Deutsch (1991), "Über die verbogene Aktualität W. Sterns"

• Lamiell, James T. (2003), Beyond Individual and Group Differences, Sage Publications, ISBN 9780761921721
• Lamiell, James T. (2010), William Stern (1871-1938): A Brief Introduction to His Life and Works, Lengerich/Berlin (Pabst Science Publishers), p. 172, ISBN 978-3-89967-589-4

• Lamiell, J. T. (2012). Introducing William Stern (1871–1938). History of Psychology, 15(4), 379-384.

• Kreppner, K. (1992). William L. Stern, 1871-1938: A neglected founder of developmental psychology. Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 539-547.

Brooke.hubert (talk) 20:51, 11 October 2018 (UTC) Sammatzke (talk) 23:43, 9 October 2018 (UTC)

Assignment 6

Dr. Council's comments

• According to the brochure attached to Assignment 2,
• An article on a psychologist
  • Lead section
  • Academic career
  • Major contributions
  • Publication
  • Legacy

So you should touch on each of these points in the lead.

Other comments:

1. Samantha has the right format for the first sentence - Name leads off in bold, with dates of birth and death in parentheses.
2. I would take Samantha's lead as the piece to build on, and add in some of the details from Brook's lead. (Following the recommended format above.

J.R. Council (talk) 20:17, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

Lead Section- Brooke Hubert

William Stern, who was born in Berlin and later relocated to Germany, made several major contributions to the field of psychology including coining the term intelligence quotient (IQ), inventing the tone variator which assisted in his research on the human perception of sound using a new technique, as well as teaching at several universities and publishing several books.

He was married to another psychologist Clara Joesephy, with whom he had three children with. William and Clara also wrote journals on their daughter’s behavior which influenced developmental psychology.

Stern studied under Hermann Ebbinghaus at the University of Berlin, and quickly moved on to teach at the University of Breslau. Later he was appointed the position of a professor at the University of Hamburg.

Brooke.hubert (talk) 20:01, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

I think you could o a little more in depth about Stern's work. You mention his main inventions, but don't touch on how he pioneered the creation of certain fields of psychology, like differential psychology. I think for our finished article, we could touch on all the books he wrote that expanded new topics in psychology.

I'm not sure if we need to mention where he went to school and where he taught as a part of his lead section. It was not a huge part of his life and we will write about that later in the article. I think we should focus more on his research and publications

Sammatzke (talk) 19:49, 29 October 2018 (UTC)

Lead Section - Samantha Matzke

William Stern (29 April 1871 – 27 March 1938), born Louis William Stern, was a German psychologist and philosopher. He is most notable for his work in personalistic psychology and individual differences and was a pioneer in many developing fields of psychology. Stern wrote books exploring topics such as differential psychology, critical personalism, forensic psychology, and intelligence testing. Stern developed a new method for measuring intelligence: the intelligence quotient, or IQ test. Stern also invented the tone variator as a new way to study human perception of sound.

Stern was also a pioneer in the field of child psychology. Working with his wife, Clara Joesephy, Stern kept meticulous diaries detailing the lives of their 3 children for 18 years, which he used to write several books on the development of children over time.

Sammatzke (talk) 12:58, 29 October 2018 (UTC)

Lead section - combined

William Stern (29 April 1871 – 27 March 1938), born Louis William Stern, was a German psychologist and philosopher. He is known for the development of personalistic psychology, which placed emphasis on the individual by examining measurable personality traits as well as the interaction of those traits within each person to create the self. Stern also coined the term intelligence quotient, or IQ, and invented the tone variator as a new way to study human perception of sound.

Stern studied under Hermann Ebbinghaus at the University of Berlin, and quickly moved on to teach at the University of Breslau. Later he was appointed the position of professor at the University of Hamburg.

Over the course of his career, Stern wrote many books pioneering new fields in psychology such as differential psychology, critical personalism, forensic psychology, and intelligence testing.

Stern was also a pioneer in the field of child psychology. Working with his wife, Clara Joesephy, Stern kept meticulous diaries detailing the lives of their 3 children for 18 years, which he used to write several books on the development of children over time. These books were of great influence to the field of developmental psychology.

Brooke.hubert (talk) 03:29, 9 November 2018 (UTC)

Combined lead section was written and edited together in Google Docs and copied over by Brooke.

Sammatzke (talk) 02:10, 10 November 2018 (UTC)

Dr. Council's comments

Nice job! But you need to edit this so it's not so choppy.

• If you are going to make statements like he had great influence on the field of developmental psychology, you need to back them up with citations.
• Add links to related topics mentioned in the lead, like Hermann Ebbinghaus. Add reference citations.
• I see you've started writing the main body of the article. Just flesh out the lead and your outline, and add additional information at the appropriate spots.
  • Be sure to break your article into its main parts, and add section and subsection titles to organize and make it easy for the reader to follow.

J.R. Council (talk) 22:14, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

Dr. Council's comments on first draft (Assignment 8)

• Congratulations! You've made a really good start. I have comments on specific sections in the text. Look for bullets. If there are pieces of text you need to pay attention to, I've put them in italics. J.R. Council (talk) 04:07, 28 November 2018 (UTC)
• After reading the article, I'd say this is just about ready to go. Please look at my comments and make the fixes I've suggested.
• The Bb Wikipedia Resources page has some good references and how-to guides for moving your article to Wikpedia main space. J.R. Council (talk) 04:33, 28 November 2018 (UTC)

Draft of Article

Lead

William Stern (29 April 1871 – 27 March 1938), born Louis William Stern, was a German psychologist and philosopher. He is known for the development of personalistic psychology, which placed emphasis on the individual by examining measurable personality traits as well as the interaction of those traits within each person to create the self. Stern also coined the term intelligence quotient, or IQ, and invented the tone variator as a new way to study human perception of sound. Stern studied psychology and philosophy under Hermann Ebbinghaus at the University of Berlin, and quickly moved on to teach at the University of Breslau. Later he was appointed the position of professor at the University of Hamburg. Over the course of his career, Stern wrote many books pioneering new fields in psychology such as differential psychology, critical personalism, forensic psychology, and intelligence testing. Stern was also a pioneer in the field of child psychology. Working with his wife, Clara Joesephy, Stern kept meticulous diaries detailing the lives of their 3 children for 18 years. He used these journals to write several books that offered an unprecedented look into the psychological development of children over time.

Biography

Personal Life

William Stern was born on April 29, 1871 in Berlin, Germany to Rosa and Sigismund Stern. The couple named their only child Louis William, but he later dropped his first name and was known simply as William. Stern’s father owned a small design studio in Berlin, although the business was not very successful. When Sigismund died in 1890, he left his family very little money, and William, who was studying at university, had to take up tutoring to support his sickly mother until her death in 1896.

Stern met his future wife, Clara Joseephy, while on a bicycle ride through Berlin. Joseephy’s parents were unhappy with the match, as Stern had little money, but Clara persisted despite her parents’ disapproval and the two married early in 1899. They had their first daughter, Hilde, on April 7, 1900, which began the Stern’s 18-year long project in child development. The couple also had a son, Günther, in 1902 and another daughter, Eva, in 1904.

Stern spent the final five years of his life in exile due to the increased antisemitism in Germany. He spent one year in Holland before moving to America to accept a job as a professor at Duke University, despite knowing little English. Stern died suddenly on March 27, 1938 of coronary occlusion.

Academic Career

Stern studied at the University of Berlin where he studied under the guidance of Hermann Ebbinghaus. He received his PhD in 1893. He then taught at the University of Breslau for 19 years, from 1897 to 1916. From 1916 to 1933 he was appointed Professor of Psychology at University of Hamburg. After the rise of the Nazi power he left to teach at Duke University where he was appointed Lecturer and Professor until he died of a heart attack in 1938 .

Major contributions

Work in Child Development

Stern greatly influenced the area of child development with the work done by him and his wife. He used his three children, Hilde, Gunther, and Eva, as subjects, studying the development of language as well as other aspects of child development that they observed. His children were born in 1900, 1902, and 1904 respectively, and Stern and his wife started the journaling from the day each were born up until they were 12, 10, and 7. The data that they recorded included reactions, babbling, the ability to recall events, lying, moral judgement, and even systematic recording sessions where the child would elicit story narratives and descriptions with one parent while the other jotted down the notes. Through their observations Stern found what is called "game theory", which is that child's play is necessary for the personal development of a child.

Intelligence Quotient

During Stern's time, many other psychologists were working on ways to qualitatively assess individual differences. Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon, for instance, were developing tests to assess the mental age of children in order to identify learning disabilities, but lacked a standardized way to compare these scores across populations of children. Stern suggested a change in the formula for intelligence, which has previously been calculated using the difference between an individual's mental age and chronological age. Instead, Stern proposed dividing an individual’s mental age by their chronological age to obtain a single ratio. This formula was later improved by Lewis Terman, who multiplied the intelligence quotient by 100 to obtain a whole number.

Stern, however, cautioned against the use of this formula as the sole way to categorize intelligence. He believed individual differences, such as intelligence, are very complex in nature and there is no easy way to qualitatively compare individuals to each other. Concepts such as feeble mindedness cannot be defined using a single intelligence test, as there are many factors that the test does not examine, such as volitional and emotional variables.

Tone Variator

Tone variator by Max Kohl, Chemnitz, Germany

Stern invented the tone variator in 1897, which allowed him to study human sensitivity to changes in sound. Whereas his predecessors had limited themselves to studying thresholds and noticeable differences using constant, discrete stimuli, Stern studied the continuous change of one stimulus into the next.

Publications

• General Psychology from the Personalistic Standpoint (1938)
• * Stern, William (1914) [1912 (Leipzig: J. A. Barth, original German edition)]. Die psychologischen Methoden der Intelligenzprüfung: und deren Anwendung an Schulkindern [The Psychological Methods of Testing Intelligence]. Educational psychology monographs, no. 13. Guy Montrose Whipple (English translation). Baltimore: Warwick & York. ISBN 9781981604999. LCCN 14010447. OCLC 4521857. Retrieved 15 June 2010.

References

• Werner Deutsch (1991), "Über die verbogene Aktualität W. Sterns"

• Lamiell, James T. (2003), Beyond Individual and Group Differences, Sage Publications, ISBN 9780761921721

• Lamiell, James T. (2010), William Stern (1871-1938): A Brief Introduction to His Life and Works, Lengerich/Berlin (Pabst Science Publishers), p. 172, ISBN 978-3-89967-589-4

• Lamiell, J. T. (2012). Introducing William Stern (1871–1938). History of Psychology, 15(4), 379-384.

• Kreppner, K. (1992). William L. Stern, 1871-1938: A neglected founder of developmental psychology. Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 539-547.

• Lamiell, James T. (2012). "6". In Wertheimer, Michael; Kimble,, Gregory A.; Boneau, Alan. Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology, Volume 2. Psychology Press. pp. 73–85. ISBN 9781135691059.

• Allport, Gordon (Oct. 1938). "William Stern: 1871-1938". The American Journal of Psychology. 51 (4): 770–773.

• "Tone variator". Brass Instrument Psychology. University of Toronto. URL accessed 2018-10-12.