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Lal Bahadur Shastri, the third Prime Minister of India, died in office on 11 January 1966, aged 61, while in Tashkent, then the capital of the Uzbek SSR in the Soviet Union and now the capital of Uzbekistan. His death was officially attributed to heart failure resulting from a myocardial infarction,^[1] which has been generally accepted by his biographers and several journalists,^[2]^[3] though the circumstances of his death have nevertheless generated conspiracy theories that he was assassinated.^[3]

Background

Previous health concerns

Both during his early political career and as a cabinet minister, Shastri's health had been fragile, and he was known to overwork himself; in October 1958, he experienced a heart attack which resulted in several weeks of hospitalisation.^[4] His health caused concern prior to his succeeding Jawaharlal Nehru as Prime Minister.^[5] In June 1964, he experienced a second, though mild, heart attack, which did not require hospitalisation, but which forced him to rest until July, when he recovered completely.^[6]

Tashkent Conference

On 4 September 1965, the Premier of the Soviet Union, Alexei Kosygin, sent a letter to Shastri in which the Soviet Union formally offered to mediate a peace settlement between India and Pakistan.^[7] Both countries had been engaged in armed conflict since a covert infiltration of Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistani forces in August. India accepted the Soviet offer on 18 September, followed by Pakistan on 11 November.^[8] Both countries agreed to a ceasefire on 23 September, following a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted on 20 September.

On 23 November, Shastri agreed to meet the President of Pakistan, Muhammad Ayub Khan, for talks in Tashkent, and conveyed India's formal acceptance to the Soviet government on 2 December.^[7] Two weeks before the conference began, Kosygin dispatched a personal advisor, Leonid Zamyatin, to Tashkent to finalise accommodations and protocol arrangements. On 30 December, Kosygin arrived in Tashkent with his personal physician, arranged for local doctors to be ready as needed, and personally made sure chefs would be available who could prepare the dishes preferred by the Indian and Pakistani leaders; advised that Shastri was a strict vegetarian, Kosygin ensured Shastri would be served accordingly.^[9]

Shastri flew from Delhi's Palam Airport to Tashkent on 3 January 1966, accompanied by a government delegation which comprised Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan, External Affairs Minister Swaran Singh, Foreign Secretary Chandra Shekhar Jha, Home Secretary Lallan Prasad Singh and Vice Chief of the Army Staff Lieutenant-General Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam. Accompanying the prime minister were his principal secretary Lakshmi Kant Jha and his additional private secretary (and later biographer) Chandrika Prasad Srivastava. India's ambassador to the Soviet Union, Triloki Nath Kaul, and the Indian high commissioner to Pakistan Kewal Singh Choudhary, were also included.^[10]

Dignitaries

Governmental representatives

Country	Dignitary
Afghanistan	Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal (Prime Minister)
Burma	U Thi Han (Foreign Minister)
Cambodia	Son Sann (Deputy Prime Minister)
France	Louis Joxe (Personal Representative of the President, Minister of Administrative Reforms)
Iran	Abbas Aram (Foreign Minister)
Japan	Naka Funada (Special Representative)
Nepal	Surya Bahadur Thapa (Prime Minister)
Sikkim	Palden Thondup Namgyal (Chogyal)
Soviet Union	Alexei Kosygin (Premier)
United Arab Republic	Hussein el-Shafei (Vice-President)
United Kingdom	George Brown (First Secretary of State and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party) Edward Heath (Leader of the Opposition) Louis Mountbatten (Last Viceroy and Governor-General of India; personal representative of the Queen)
United States	Hubert Humphrey (Vice President) Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)
Uzbek SSR ( Soviet Union)	Rahmankul Kurbanovich Kurbanov (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR)

Notes

^ "Medical Report of the Death of the Prime Minister of India, L. B. Shastri" (PDF). Press Information Bureau. Government of India. 1966. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 406–407.
^ ^a ^b Biswas, Soutik (27 August 2009). "Was Mr Shastri murdered?". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 60.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 80.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 107–108.
^ ^a ^b Srivastava 1995, pp. 330–332.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 331.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 343–344.
^ Srivastava 1995, pp. 332.

References

Srivastava, C. P. (1995). Lal Bahadur Shastri: A Life of Truth In Politics. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-563980-4.

1 month

List

Key

^† Died in office

MP	Chamber	Party affiliations	Terms served	Began service	Ended service	Time in office	Overall tenure
Najma Heptulla (b.1940)	Rajya Sabha	INC (1980–2004) BJP (2004–2010, 2012–2016)	6 terms	5 July 1980	4 July 2010	29 years, 11 months and 29 days	34 years, 4 months and 12 days
Najma Heptulla (b.1940)	Rajya Sabha	INC (1980–2004) BJP (2004–2010, 2012–2016)	6 terms	3 April 2012	20 August 2016	4 years, 4 months and 17 days	34 years, 4 months and 12 days
Manmohan Singh (b.1932)	Rajya Sabha	INC (1991–present)	6 terms	1 October 1991	14 June 2019	27 years, 8 months and 13 days	32 years, 1 month and 7 days
Manmohan Singh (b.1932)	Rajya Sabha	INC (1991–present)	6 terms	20 August 2019	present	5 years, 3 months and 7 days	32 years, 1 month and 7 days
Ram Jethmalani (1923–2019)	Rajya Sabha	JD (1988–1994) Independent (1994–2006) Nominated (2006–2009) Independent (2010–2016) RJD (2016–2019)	6 terms	3 April 1988	2 April 2006	17 years, 11 months and 30 days	30 years, 6 months and 13 days
				10 April 2006	26 August 2009	3 years, 4 months and 16 days
				5 July 2010	4 July 2016	5 years, 11 months and 29 days
				8 July 2016	8 September 2019 †	3 years and 2 months
Mahendra Prasad (1940–2021)	Rajya Sabha	INC (1985–1992) Nominated (1993–1994) Other (2000–2006) JD (U) (2006–2021)	7 terms	31 January 1985	6 July 1992	7 years, 5 months and 6 days	30 years, 4 months and 27 days
				27 August 1993	24 November 1994	1 year, 2 months and 28 days
				3 April 2000	27 December 2021 †	21 years, 8 months and 24 days

JD (1989–1990, 1996–1998)
LJP (2000–2002, 2004–2020)

Ravi Shankar Prasad
2 years, 8 months and 21 days
7 years, 1 month and 11 days

60 years, 109 days
7 years, 91 days

[med_rept_66-1] "Medical Report of the Death of the Prime Minister of India, L. B. Shastri" (PDF). Press Information Bureau. Government of India. 1966. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava1995406–407-2] Srivastava 1995, pp. 406–407.

[BBC_Shastri-3] Biswas, Soutik (27 August 2009). "Was Mr Shastri murdered?". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava199560-4] Srivastava 1995, pp. 60.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava199580-5] Srivastava 1995, pp. 80.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava1995107–108-6] Srivastava 1995, pp. 107–108.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava1995330–332-7] Srivastava 1995, pp. 330–332.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava1995331-8] Srivastava 1995, pp. 331.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava1995343–344-9] Srivastava 1995, pp. 343–344.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava1995332-10] Srivastava 1995, pp. 332.

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