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I-League
Founded2007
CountryIndia
ConfederationAFC
Number of teams10
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toI-League 2nd Division
Domestic cup(s)Federation Cup
Durand Cup
International cup(s)AFC Champions League
AFC Cup
Current championsBengaluru FC (1st title)
(2013–14)
Most championshipsDempo
(3 titles)
TV partnersTEN Action
WebsiteI-League.org
Current: 2014–15 I-League

The I-League is an Indian professional league for men's association football clubs. It is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 10 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the I-League 2nd Division as well as a system of direct-entry.

Seasons run from December to May, with teams playing 24 matches each, totalling 156 matches in the season.[1] Most games are played in the afternoons during the weekends on midweek. It is currently sponsored by Airtel and thus officially known as the Airtel I-League.[2]

The competition, formed as the ONGC I-League in 2007 in an effort to professionalize the game in India after holding the old National Football League for eleven seasons, replaced the NFL as the primary competition in the country.[3] The leagues first official broadcaster was Zee Sports.[4] The first goal for the league was to have 16 teams by the third season, by which the league would be spread all around India.[4]

Since the league inception, a total of four clubs have been crowned champions of the I-League. Of the 21 clubs to have competed since the inception of the I-League in 2007, the teams to have won the title are Bengaluru FC (1), Churchill Brothers (2), Dempo (3), and Salgaocar (1). The title has only been won once by a team from outside of the state of Goa with the first six of seven editions of the league being won by Goan sides. The current champions of the I-League are Bengaluru FC.

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]

In 1996 the first domestic league was started in India known as the National Football League.[5] The league was started in an effort to introduce professionalism to Indian football.[5] Despite that ambition however that has never been achieved with the National Football League. During the National Football League days the league suffered from poor infrastructure and unprofessionalism from its clubs. One of the clubs in the league, FC Kochin went defunct in 2002 after it was revealed that the club had not payed salaries since 2000 after running up 2.5 crores in losses a season.[6]

After a decade of decline with the National Football League, the All India Football Federation decided it was time for a change and rebranding of the top-tier in India.[7]

Formation

[edit]

After the 2006–07 NFL season, it was announced that the National Football League would be relaunched and rebranded as the I-League for the 2007–08 season.[8] The leagues first season consisted of eight teams from the previous NFL campaign and two teams from the 2nd Division to form a 10 team league.[8] Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), the title sponsors of the previous NFL, were named as the title sponsors of the I-League before the league kicked-off in November 2007.[9] The league also announced a changed in their foreign-player restrictions with the new rule being that all the clubs could sign four foreigners – three non-Asian and one which must be Asian.[10] And finally the league was announced to be broadcasted on Zee Sports for its first season.[11]

The original ten clubs in the I-League's first season were Air India, Churchill Brothers, Dempo, East Bengal, JCT, Mahindra United, Mohun Bagan, Salgaocar, Sporting Goa, and Viva Kerala.

The early seasons (2007–2010)

[edit]
Season Champions
2007–08 Dempo
2008–09 Churchill Brothers
2009–10 Dempo
2010–11 Salgaocar
2011–12 Dempo
2012–13 Churchill Brothers
2013–14 Bengaluru FC
Further information:
Indian football champions

The first ever I-League match took place on 24 November 2007 between Dempo and Salgaocar. The match, which took place at the Fatorda Stadium in Margao, ended 3–0 in favor of Dempo with Chidi Edeh scoring the first ever goal in league history in the third minute.[12] After eighteen rounds it was Dempo who came out as the first ever champions in the I-League.[13] Viva Kerala and Salgaocar, however, ended up as the first two teams to ever be relegated from the I-League.[14]

The next season the I-League was expanded from 10 to 12 teams. Mumbai, Chirag United, Mohammedan, and Vasco were all promoted from the I-League 2nd Division to make the expansion possible.[15] This however brought up early concerns over how "national" the I-League was. The 2008–09 season would see eleven of the twelve teams come from three different cities. The previous season saw all ten teams come from four different cities.[15] Baichung Bhutia, then captain of the Indian national team, said that it was the federations job to spread the game across the country and that it needed to happen.[15]

Regardless of the early criticism, the I-League went on as scheduled and once the 2008–09 season concluded it was Churchill Brothers who came out on top.[16] Then, before the 2009–10 season, the league was once again expanded from 12 teams to 14. In order to make this happen Salgaocar, Viva Kerala, Pune, and Shillong Lajong were all promoted from the 2nd Division to the I-League.[17] This helped the I-League retain some criticism about how national the league was as now the league would be played in seven different cities/states: Goa, Kerala, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Punjab, and Shillong.[17]

After the 2009–10 season it was Dempo who came out on top for the second time in I-League history.[13]

2010–present

[edit]

Conflict of parties

[edit]

On 9 December 2010 the All India Football Federation signed a 15-year, 700-crore deal with Reliance Industries and International Management Group of the United States.[18] The deal gave IMG-Reliance exclusive commercial rights to sponsorship, advertising, broadcasting, merchandising, video, franchising, and rights to create a new football league.[18] This deal came about after the AIFF ended their 10-year deal with Zee Sports five years early back in October 2010.[19]

Two months later, on 8 February 2011, it was reported that twelve of the fourteen I-League clubs held a private meeting in Mumbai to discuss the on-going issues related to the league.[20] It was never revealed what was exactly talked about at this meeting.[20] Then, on 22 February, it was announced that the same twelve I-League clubs that attended the meeting would not be signing the AFC–licensing papers needed to play in the I-League.[21] The reasoning for this was because the I-League clubs were not happy over the fact that IMG-Reliance had so far done nothing to promote the I-League and that they demanded the I-League be made a separate entity from both the AIFF and IMG-Reliance.[21] At this time however their were rumors that IMG-Reliance had been planning on revamping the I-League along the same lines as Major League Soccer of the United States for the 2012–13 season.[21]

On 11 March 2012, following the disbanding of two former I-League clubs – JCT and Mahindra United, it was announced that the I-League clubs would be forming their own organization known as the Indian Professional Football Clubs Association (IPFCA) in order to safeguard their interest and promote football in India.[22] Every club, except for HAL and AIFF–owned Pailan Arrows, joined the newly formed organization.[22] Soon after, it was announced that there would be a meeting held between the AIFF, IMG-Reliance, and the IPFCA on 20 April 2012. In this meeting, IMG-Reliance would present their plan on how they would grow the I-League but the meeting never occurred for reasons unknown.[23]

Then, on 4 May 2012, the AIFF hosted the last ad hoc meeting – an annual meeting between the AFC and AIFF to assess the growth of Indian football. The AFC president at the time, Zhang Jilong, was also in attendance at this meeting.[24] It was reported that the IPFCA would use this meeting to voice their displeasure at the AIFF and IMG-Reliance but the association never showed up at the meeting.[24]

On 18 June 2012 the IPFCA was officially sanctioned under the Society's Act of 1960.[25]

League improvement

[edit]

Despite the ongoing war between the AIFF, IMG-Reliance, and the IPFCA, the league did manage to improve its product on the field and awareness did increase during this period. It all started when the India national team participated in the AFC Asian Cup in 2011 for the first time in 27 years.[26] Despite being knocked-out in the group stage after losing all three of their games, India came back home more popular than ever. Subrata Pal, of Pune gained the most popularity after his impressive performances in goal for India during the Asian Cup.[27] At the same time, before the Asian Cup, Sunil Chhetri became the second Indian footballer in the modern footballing era to move abroad when he signed for the Kansas City Wizards in Major League Soccer in 2010. He also became the first exported Indian from the I-League.[28]

The league was then given a major boost from its main derby, the Kolkata derby, between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan. On 20 November 2011, 90,000 people watched at the Salt Lake Stadium as Mohun Bagan defeated East Bengal 1–0.[29] The league also saw more expansion to others areas with the promotion of United Sikkim from the 2nd Division[30], however, their reign was short lived as financial troubles saw them relegated the next season.[31]

Meanwhile, while the league continued to grow, so did the players demand. During this period plenty of Indian players were wanted on trial by foreign clubs, mainly in Europe. After his return from MLS, Sunil Chhetri and international teammate Jeje Lalpekhlua were called for trials at Scottish Premier League side Rangers in 2011.[32] Subrata Pal had trials at RB Leipzig before finally signing for Vestsjælland in 2014.[33] And Gurpreet Singh Sandhu underwent trials at then Premier League side Wigan Athletic.[34]

At the same time, as Indian players demand abroad increased, the demand for higher quality foreigners in the I-League also increased. Former A-League player of the year and Costa Rican international Carlos Hernández signed with Prayag United before the 2012–13 season from the Melbourne Victory.[35] Lebanese international Bilal Najjarine also signed with Churchill Brothers in 2012.[36]

Competition format

[edit]

Competition

[edit]

Since the league began in 2007 the rules of the league have changed almost yearly. Currently the league has 10 teams but the previous season there were 13 clubs in the I-League. Each club played each other twice during the season, once at home and the other away from home. The team that wins a match receives three points while both teams gain one point if they draw. A loser is not awarded any points. At the end of the season, the team with the most points wins the league.[37]

AFC qualification

[edit]

Clubs from the I-League primarily participate internationally in the AFC Cup, however, some I-League clubs have had the chance to qualify for the AFC Champions League. From 2007 to 2011 the champions of the previous season of the I-League were allowed to play in a qualifier for the Champions League.[38] Then from 2011 to 2013 no I-League club played in a qualifier till Pune in 2014 after the club passed the AFC Licensing Criteria.[39] However, to this day, no I-League has actually qualified for the AFC Champions League.

Sponsorship

[edit]

Since the original National Football League, the Indian league has always been sponsored. When the I-League began in 2007 the last sponsor from the old National Football League, ONGC, where brought in as the sponsors, making the league be known as the ONGC I-League.[40] However, after the 2010–11 season, the deal with ONGC was not renewed and the I-League was left without a sponsorship deal till 2013.[41] On 24 September 2013, it was announced that telecommunications company, Airtel would be the new title sponsor of the I-League, thus making the league known as the Airtel I-League.[42]

Media coverage

[edit]

India

[edit]

Since 2007 the I-League has managed to find a way to be telecasted, which is drastic in increasing the profile and popularity of the league. Before the inaugural 2007–08 season the All India Football Federation reached a deal with Zee Sports to broadcast 45 of the 90 matches that season with TEN Sports broadcasting 15 matches in the inaugural season.[43] The deal with Zee Sports was a continuation of the 10-year deal reached between the AIFF and Zee Sports in 2005.[44] However, in October 2009, Zee Sports reportedly sent a letter to the AIFF asking for the federation to review the 10-year contract after concerns were raised by the broadcaster that the league was not attracting as many sponsors as they would have liked.[44] In August 2010 it was revealed that there were crunch talks between the AIFF and Zee Sports over these concerns and that there was a provision in the 10-year deal that said it could be reviewed after the first five years.[45]

Then, in October 2010, it was revealed that the AIFF had decided to terminate the 10-year deal with Zee Sports five months early.[46] It was also announced that the AIFF had lined up IMG-Reliance as the new marketing rights partner of the league and national team.[46] It was also announced that Zee Sports would want Rs. 70 crore in compensation for the AIFF terminating the previous 10-year contract.[46] The deal with IMG-Reliance was officially announced on 9 December 2010.[47] Through this agreement, IMG-Reliance were given exclusive rights to sponsorship, advertising, broadcasting, merchandising, film, video and data, intellectual property, franchising and new league rights.[47] However, despite this agreement, the 2010–11 season went without any broadcasting partner nationally.[48] The AIFF did start to invite proposals however for a new telecast broadcaster but it would only be for the 2010–11 season. It was ten announced on 3 February 2010 that local Bengali channel, Mahuaa Bangla, would be the one and only broadcaster of the league for the rest of the season.[49]

In September 2010, after the disaster that was the 2010–11 season for television in the I-League, it was announced that the AIFF and IMG-Reliance had reached an agreement with local broadcasters Brand Value Communications to have games shown locally on News Time in West Bengal and Assam for one season.[50] However, in October 2011, it was announced that a deal with national broadcaster had been found and that was with TEN Action for one season.[51] The deal included 75 matches for the 2011–12 season.[51]

Then, after the 2011–12 season, it was announced that the AIFF and IMG-Reliance had reached a mega deal with TEN Sports to broadcast the I-League and national team for three-years.[52] The deal, which started for the 2012–13 season and will end after the 2014–15 season, would see TEN Action being used to broadcast 75 matches a season.[52]

Worldwide

[edit]

When the I-League began in 2007 and the deal with Zee Sports and TEN Sports it was announced that TEN Sports in the Middle East and Zee Sports in the United States would broadcast 30 games live for the 2007–08 season.[43]

Criticisms

[edit]

Financial situation

[edit]

One of the major criticisms of the I-League has been the leagues continuing financial instability.[53] Since the league began in 2007 the league has seen four clubs disband their operations – Chirag United Kerala, JCT, Mahindra United, and Pailan Arrows.[54][55] When JCT disbanded, head of operations, Samir Thapar stated that the lack of any credible exposure and money as a major reason for JCT disbanding.[53] The majority of clubs in the league rely on main sponsors the fund the team through a season at least. This is mainly due to the fact that clubs in the I-League do not rely on income from merchandise sales or ticket sales and that television revenue goes directly to the All India Football Federation instead of the clubs.[53]

Currently attendance in the I-League is suffering as the 2013–14 season only averaged 5,618 per game.[56] Mohun Bagan averaged the most spectators that season with an average of 17,068 while Shillong Lajong ended up being the only other I-League club to finish with an average attendance over 10,000 when the finished at 11,308 per game.[56] Part of the reason for these attendances other than the lack of marketing has been cited as being the fact that most I-League matches start in the afternoon when it is way to hot for fans than during the night.[57]

Institutional football

[edit]

Most football clubs in India are what are termed Institutional teams.[58] That means it is difficult for players or coaches to turn into complete professionals.[58] The players who play for institutional teams would also work on a full-time job outside of the game for his company the team was sponsored by.[58] This is much the same model which was found in Japan before the introduction of the J. League.[59] The positives are that the teams are usually well resourced with players earning decent money and the prospect of employment after their footballing days finish.[58] On the negative side, teams only represent a few thousand workers rather than whole cities and thus do not gain broad support.[58]

On 21 February 2014 it was officially announced that the two remaining institutional clubs in the I-League – Air India and ONGC – had been expelled from the I-League and that all other institutional clubs would not be allowed to participate in the league.[60]

Clubs

[edit]
class=notpageimage|
Locations of the 2014–15 I-League teams


The following 10 clubs will participate in the I-League for the 2014–15 season.

Team City State Home venue Capacity
Bengaluru FC Bangalore Karnataka Sree Kanteerava Stadium 40,000
Dempo Panaji Goa To be announced
East Bengal Kolkata West Bengal Salt Lake Stadium 120,000
Mohun Bagan Kolkata West Bengal Salt Lake Stadium 120,000
Mumbai Mumbai Maharashtra To be announced
Pune Pune Maharashtra Balewadi Sports Complex 22,000
Royal Wahingdoh Shillong Meghalaya Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 30,000
Salgaocar Vasco da Gama Goa To be announced
Shillong Lajong Shillong Meghalaya Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 30,000
Sporting Goa Panaji Goa To be announced

Head coaches

[edit]

The role of the head coach in the I-League varies from club to club. Some clubs in the I-League like to appoint technical directors as well as head coaches and the technical directors for the most part are given the power the select the squad and sometimes the entire team management.[61] The All India Football Federation does impose licensing requirements for head coaches in the I-League, the rule being that the head coach must have an AFC A-License in order to coach in the I-League, however, some clubs and coaches like Subhash Bhowmick, Subrata Bhattacharya, Sukhwinder Singh, and Bimal Ghosh are known for accepting a technical directors role in order to bypass the head coaching requirements without an A-License.[61] This has bought about a lot of controversial news in the I-League, most recently being when Churchill Brothers won the I-League after the 2012–13 season with Subhash Bhowmick running the entire team on and off the field but not winning the "Coach of the Year" award due to being listed as the technical director and not the head coach.[61]

Seeing this, the AIFF technical director, Rob Baan, as well as others, advocated that the federation make it mandatory for both technical directors and head coaches to have an AFC A-License.[61] On 14 May 2014 this was officially put into act by the AIFF during their I-League licensing committee meeting.[62]

In terms of coaching performance, after the first seven seasons of the I-League, an Indian head coach has won the I-League four times while a foreign head coach has won it three times. Zoran Đorđević of Serbia was the first ever foreign head coach to win the I-League[63] while the second coach was Karim Bencherifa of Morocco.[64] Englishman Ashley Westwood was the most recent foreign coach to win the I-League after the 2013–14 season.[65]

Armando Colaco was the first Indian coach to win the I-League in the leagues opening season and he has the most I-League championships at three.[66] Mariano Dias is the only other Indian coach to win the I-League.[67]

The most recent head coaching appointment was Karim Bencherifa as head coach of Pune.[68]

The current head coaches in the I-League are:

Ashley Westwood, the current head coach of Bengaluru FC and the first Englishman to win the I-League.
Name Club Appointed
India Khalid Jamil Mumbai 2009[69]
Spain Oscar Bruzon Sporting Goa 3 December 2012[70]
India Thangboi Singto Shillong Lajong 22 January 2013[71]
India Derrick Pereira Salgaocar 3 May 2013[72]
Australia Arthur Papas Dempo 27 May 2013[73]
England Ashley Westwood Bengaluru FC 2 July 2013[74]
India Armando Colaco East Bengal 14 November 2013[75]
India Nandakumar Singh Royal Wahingdoh 2014[76]
Morocco Karim Bencherifa Pune 9 June 2014[77]

Stats and players

[edit]

Seasonal statistics

[edit]
Sunil Chhetri, the only Indian to win the overall golden boot.
Season Total Goals Matches played Average per Game
2007–08 226 90 2.51[78]
2008–09 318 132 2.41[79]
2009–10 486 182 2.67[80]
2010–11 489 182 2.69[81]
2011–12 521 182 2.88[82]
2012–13 530 182 2.91[83]
2013–14 402 156 2.47[84]

Top scorers

[edit]
Main article: I-League Golden Boot

Season after season, players in the I-League compete for the golden boot title, which is awarded at the end of each season to the top scorer through-out the entire season. The most recent winners of the golden boot are Sunil Chhetri, Darryl Duffy, and Cornell Glenn, who all won the golden boot at the end of the 2013–14 season after scoring 14 goals each. Odafe Onyeka Okolie and Ranti Martins are both currently the holders of the most golden boot titles with three each. The two Nigerians make up the six golden boots won by Nigerians, the most of any nationality in the league.

Awards

[edit]

The trophy

[edit]

The I-League has only been awarding a proper trophy to the champion since 2013 when the 2012–13 season champions, Churchill Brothers, won the league.[89] Before 2013 the I-League champions received a basic trophy.[89] The new trophy was designed in Europe and is modeled along the lines of the champion trophies in the top European leagues.[89] Regarding the trophy, the AIFF general secretary, Kushal Das, said "It is the endeavour of AIFF to practice the best principles of other leagues and accordingly we thought to create a more contemporary look to the I-League trophy in line with trophies given in European leagues".[89]

Player and coach awards

[edit]

End of season I-League awards are currently conducted by the Football Players Association of India since 2009. The awards include best head coach, best foreign player, best Indian player, best young player, and the fans player of the year. The AIFF give out the best referee award.

I-League clubs in Asia

[edit]
Main article: Indian football clubs in Asian competition

Traditionally, I-League clubs have done particularly well in the AFC Cup. In 2008 Dempo managed to reach the semi-finals of the AFC Cup before being defeated by Al-Safa of Lebanon.[100] East Bengal also managed to reach the semi-finals in 2013 before being knocked-out by Kuwait SC.[101] So far no I-League club have made it to the final of the AFC Cup.[101]

In the AFC Champions League however, no I-League club has ever managed to make it past the qualifiers.[102]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  3. ^ "Event Information". The All India Football Federation. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
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  5. ^ a b "Indian National League (I-League) 2011-12 Season Review". Goalden Times. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  6. ^ Radhakrishnan, M.G. "The final whistle". India Today. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  7. ^ "History". ileague.in. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
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  54. ^ Ganguly, Abhishek. "AIFF disbands Pailan Arrows outfit". Times of India. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
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  58. ^ a b c d e Sengupta, Somnath. "Institutional Sides in Indian Football : Future Uncertain ? (Part-1)". The Hard Tackle. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  59. ^ Hood, Christopher. "History of Japanese Football". Soccerphile. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  60. ^ Noronha, Anselm. "Air India and ONGC FC officially out of next season's I-League - report". Goal.com. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
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  63. ^ "I-League: Don't Let The Players Go - Zoran Djordjevic". Goal.com. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  64. ^ "AIFF suspends Ashley Bengaluru FC coach banned for 4 matches and fined Rs 50,000". Telegraph India. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  65. ^ "Bengaluru FC retain coach Ashley Westwood". Times of India. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
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